فهرست مطالب امیرکیوان درویش

Drought phenomenon stands as one of the most significant challenges of the contemporary era, exerting its influence on all ecosystems, including rangelands, at both global and regional scales. The heightened vulnerability of pastoralists underscores the necessity of embracing the concept of resilience. This research aims to investigate existing studies on the resilience of pastoralists under drought conditions and to propose a comprehensive model. A systematic review methodology was employed in this study. The findings of relevant domestic and international research were systematically analyzed using the seven-stage method of Sandelowski and Barroso. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 studies were examined. The Waltz and Bausell method was employed to assess the validity of the extracted data. The reliability was also assessed through the Kappa coefficient, yielding a value of 0.87, indicating excellent agreement. The research results led to the formulation of a comprehensive model comprising seven factors: economic, social, individual, institutional, physical, educational-promotional, and ecological. Among these factors, the economic factor emerged as one of the most influential. The resultant model, identifying the factors that impact the resilience of pastoralists under drought conditions, provides the potential for enhancing crisis management, reducing vulnerability, and establishing the necessary groundwork for nationwide rangeland planning.

The purpose of this study was to analyze socio – economic factors influencing on adoption of agroforestry among poplar farmers in northern part of Iran. This research is descriptive – correlation. The statistical population includes all poplar farmers (in Golestan, Mazandaran and Guilan provinces) in the agricultural year 2006 that included 546 poplar farmers. A sample of 175 poplar farmers was selected, with Cochran formula, using "stratified random proportional sampling" method. A questionnaire was used to collect information. Content validity was achieved by a panel of experts in the fields of forest and natural resources extension. Questionnaire reliability was established by calculating Cronbach Alfa coefficient for dependent variable "extent of adoption of agroforestry among poplar farmers" which has been 0.91. The analysis of data has been carried out by using of descriptive and deductive statistics. The findings of research revealed that there are significant and positive relationships among adoption level of agroforestry independent variables consisting: literacy level, level of annual income, level of awareness about agroforestry, level of access to needful inputs, level of access to credit facilities and contact with extension agents. Significant difference was found in the mean score for level of adoption agroforestry in relation to using of credit facilities. The result of regression analysis indicated that 49.8% of the variations in level of adoption agroforestry were explained by level of awareness about agroforestry, level of access to credit facilities and level of annual income.