امین غلامحسینی

The bacterium Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of yersiniosis or red mouth disease, which leads to significant economic losses in aquaculture, especially salmon, worldwide. An infectious disease that leads to a septicemic condition with the condition of the body surface and internal organs. Despite this disease, investigation and its effect on this disease was studied in rainbow trout. This study was conducted on 180 pieces of rainbow salmon randomly weighing (25±2 gr), which were exposed to Y. ruckeri (5% and 10% LC50) for 30 days. Accepts. Results The results obtained with the increase in final weight, growth rate, alanine aminotransferase enzyme, high and low lipoprotein, total immunoglobulin, glutathione peroxidase of rainbow trout decreased and on the other hand with the increase of the drug, aspartate aminotransferase enzyme, total oxidant and Malondialdehyde increased so that there was a significant difference between the control group treated with 5% and 10% LD5 of Y. ruckeri bacteria. Based on the results of this research, the density of bacteria has a negative effect on most of the measured indicators.

During the summer of 2022, an infection appeared in siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) reared in raceway system of Fars province. 30 pieces of fish with clinical symptoms were collected from the ponds. Bacterial samples were cultured from kidney tissue of fish using brain heart infusion (BHI) agar according to standard method. Gram staining, biological and biochemical tests were performed on the bacteria isolated from the samples; In addition, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on SrDNA16 gene. Initial isolation of bacterial culture colonies and biological and biochemical tests on the isolated bacteria showed that the isolates corresponded to the genus Staphylococcus. The results of the PCR test on the SrDNA16 gene with specific primers with accession number MK348063 in the gene bank created a band of 1500 base pairs (bp). The results of the analysis showed that the sequences belonged to Staphylococcus epidermidis with 100.00% similarity. This is the first report of the isolation of Staphylococcus epidermidis species from Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) farmed in southwest Iran. It was concluded from this study that further studies are necessary to investigate the pathogenicity of these organisms and their effects on Siberian sturgeon and other strains of sturgeon.

Little is known about complement system as a component of innate immunity of the ectothermic vertebrates such as crocodiles. Serum complement is valuable tool in determining the health status of turtles. In this research effect of concentration, volume and temperature on alternative complement pathway activity of Mugger crocodiles (Crocodylus palustris) using standard haemolytic assays was studied. For this purpose, Crocodylus palustris serum complement hemolysis in different concentrations, volumes and temperatures was measured. Results indicated significant relation between relation measured hemolysis and concentration, volume and temperature (p<0.05). The measure of hemolysis in various concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%), volumes (10, 20, 30 µL) and temperatures (5-35°C) were significantly increased (p<0.05). The results show that alternative complement pathway activity of crocodiles might affect concentration, volume and temperature that it caused increased non-specific immunity and the resistance to the outbreak of diseases.

In this study, the effect of different levels of microplastics and copper, alone and in combination, on the number of total hemocytes and different hemocytes in freshwater crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) was conducted. For this purpose, 378 crayfish with an average length of 10.64±0.76 cm and a weight of 41.12±5.15 grams were divided into 27 aquaria. The exposure period was 28 days, the number of total hemocytes and different hemocytes were checked at the end of the experiment, and hemolymph samples were taken from the crayfish. The results showed that the number of hyalinocytes in the samples exposed to 1 mg/L polyethylene microplastic and 1 mg/L copper sulfate treatment was less than in the control group. The number of granulocytes increased in the treatment of 1 mg/L of polyethylene microplastic and 1 mg/L of microplastic combined with 0.5 mg/L of copper sulfate compared to the control group, and for semi-granulocyte cells, 1 mg/L of fine plastic combined with 0.5 mg/L of copper sulfate significantly decreased and the treatment with 1 mg/L of copper sulfate also had a significant increase compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, the number of total hemocytes in the treatments of 0.5 mg/L of microplastic combined with 1 mg/L of copper sulfate and the treatment of 1 mg/L of microplastic combined with 1 mg/L of copper sulfate decreased significantly compared to the control treatment (P<0.05), finally it can be concluded that polyethylene microplastic and copper metal alone and together can be among the polluting and damaging factors to the immune system in freshwater crayfish.

This research was carried out to determine the concentration of heavy metals in Pacific white leg shrimp cultured in farms of Ganaveh, Deylam, Hillah, Mand, Delvar and Shif and its consumption risk. The shrimp samples were prepared based on the standard methodology. The health risk of its consumption was evaluated according evaluated according to the daily intake (DI) index. Our results showed that the shrimp reared in the Deylam site had the maximum values of toxic metals mercury, nickel, and zinc compared to other sites of Bushehr Province. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn in shrimp muscle were 0.021, 0.028, 11.725. 42.003, 0.095, 3.278, 0.122 and 6.748 mg/kg dry weight (DW), respectively. Based on the findings, the concentration of Cu and Ni were significantly higher than the permissible maximum recommended amounts for human consumption by the world health organization (WHO), and they were 0.38 and 10 mg/kg DW, respectively. On the other hand, the health risk evaluation of the maximum tolerable daily intake (MTDI) of heavy metals showed that daily and continuous consumption of shrimp is safe for consumers in different age groups (children, adults) and despite the high levels of nickel and copper, there is no serious risk to consumers.

The growth and development of the aquaculture industry in recent decades has also led to the development of the aquatic feed industry. High-quality animal protein, lipids and other nutrients are essential for intensive aquaculture. Fish meal is used as an essential ingredient in fish nutrition that will not be available in sufficient quantities in the future. Increasing fishing pressure has reduced marine fish stocks; Therefore, reducing the dependence of aquaculture on marine resources in order to develop the sustainability of this industry in the future is essential. Therefore, using plant protein sources such as cereals and legumes in aquatic feed can be effective in achievng this goal. However, plant foods can provide a natural and suitable substrate for the growth of fungi. Crops may be infected with the fungus during harvest or storage. Under adverse environmental conditions, at temperatures above 27 ° C and more than 60% humidity and lack of proper ventilation, fungi grow rapidly and can endanger aquatic health by producing mycotoxins. In addition, the accumulation of mycotoxins in the edible tissue of fish can be dangerous to consumers' health. Therefore, it is necessary to know the different types of mycotoxins and understand how they are transferred from food to farmed aquatic animals and ultimately to human consumers. Aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin, trichotoxins, zearalenone, and fumonisins are the most important known mycotoxins in aquatic feed. These toxins can cause many pathological damages to aquatic animals, such as reduced growth performance, changes in haematological parameters, histological damages, biochemical parameters, oxidative stress and genetic damages. Therefore, in this article, we introduce these compounds and show their effects on aquatic health.

Ensuring health quality of an agricultural or food product is of significance for consumers and could be a decisive factor in terms of attracting and maintaining the market for manufacturers.

The present study aimed to determine the residues of florfenicol antimicrobial agent in the edible tissue (muscle) of rainbow trout reared in Sepidan County (Fars Province, Iran).

50 fresh fish were purchased from 7 farms in Sepidan County. The samples from lateral muscle were taken and kept at -18 °C until the residues drug tests were performed. The florfenicol concentration was measured through the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

The mean of florfenicol residues in fish muscle reared in Sepidan County was significantly less than the drug products evaluation standard value (P<0.05). However, the concentration of this antibiotic sampled from one of the studied farms went beyond from standard value (1.12 µg.g-1). Of course, this difference was not significant (P>0.05).

It seemed as though the residue levels of florfenicol in the purchased fish reached alarming levels. Meanwhile, it is possible that their average in an area would be within the range of food standards. Thus, it could be suggested that periodic monitoring be carried out continuously by the relevant institutions to ensure that consumer rights are more adequately met.

< p >Regards the economic potential in extensive rearing of Narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) in Haft Barm lakes, Fars Province (Iran), and considering the chain value and global marketing, we need to monitoring programs on hygienic quality of this export product in terms of heavy metal accumulation. For this purpose, crayfish specimens were captured with 45 total samples from three permanent lakes and transported to the laboratory. Preparing of their tail meat as the edible parts and measuring of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) have been accomplished via the wet digestion method and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), respectively. Results showed that Cd (0.004±0.003) and Zn (2.61±0.747 µg/g DW) were the minima and maximum concentrations in the tail meat of Haft Barm’s crayfish. Since the concentrations of all measured trace elements were within the permissible limits of hygienic standards (WHO and FAO) and based on health risk assessment (daily intake index), Haft Barm’s crayfish have admissible health in terms of their accumulation. Hence, daily and continuous consumption of these aquatic products by consumers has been thoroughly safe, and there is no risk for them in this regard.

This study investigated the growth performance and fatty acid composition of Western whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed with different levels of Dunaliella salina extract (DE) PL with an average weight of 0.86 ± 0.01g were fed with 3 types of diets containing 0.5, 1.5 and 1.5 g DE /kg diet and control diet (without DE) for 60 days. (A total of 4 treatments and 3 repetitions per treatment). The best weight gain (141.38 ± 21.35%), specific growth ratio (1.69 ± 0.55%) and protein efficiency ratio (2.79± 0.42%) were observed in shrimp fed with 1 g/kg of DE diet. In diets containing 0.5 and 1 g DE/kg feed, poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) value significantly increased (p<0.05). Arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), linoleic acid (C20:2n-6) and Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:5n-3) levels of shrimp receiving at 0.5 and 1 g DE/kg feed level were significantly higher than those fed with control diet(p<0.05). In conclusion, the incorporation of extract from D.salina 1 g/kg doses improves function of growth and fatty acid composition of body in L. vannamei shrimp.

In the present study, different stages of the ontogeny of the liver and pancreas in the Acipenser persicus were illustrated from hatching until 36 days post hatching (dph) by histological techniques. The histological sections (sagittal plane) were made by a microtome at a thickness of 5 µm and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic Acid-Schiff and Masson's trichrome. Based on the results, in 2 dph, liver stroma was formed and stellate hepatocytes included numerous vacuoles with nuclei situated parametrically. On 10 dph, the pancreas was observed between the liver and anterior part of the intestine for the first time. Exocrine pancreatic cells were organized in acini. At 18 dph, the central veins and hepatic sinusoids were remarkably apparent in the middle of the liver parenchyma. The pancreas grew as a basophilic organ and it was situated in the posterior intestine on the 22-dph, bile duct, portal vein and hepatic artery was acquiring their structure in connective tissue. On day 36, the liver was characterized by an enlarged and organized form. Formation of the hepatopancreatic tissue is completed within 16 to 36 days after hatching.

Administration of human anesthesia drugs in fish is mainly because of their high efficacy and availability as well as low price. In this study anesthetic effects of Ketamine and Acepromazine (0, 15 and 30 mg L-1) was evaluated in Shirbot (Tor grypus). Acepromazine concentrations prepared in 10 L containers in triplicates, then serial descending concentration of ketamine (for effective dose 20-400 mg L-1 and for lethal dose 320-900 mg L-1) were added to tank. Twelve fish were added to each container. Results analyzed with probit software and EC10, EC50 and EC90 as well as LC10, LC50 and LC90 of drugs in five minutes were measured. Results showed that no significant difference was seen in anesthesia efficacy, time of anesthesia induction and recovery time among groups (P>0.05), but lethal effects of Ketamine decreased significantly in Ketamin along with 15 mg L-1 Acepromazine (P<0.05). Then it can be concluded that Acepromazine increased the safety of Ketamine in Tor grypus at low doses.