انسیه بابایی

Most women of reproductive age experience disorders related to the menstrual cycle called premenstrual syndrome. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on mixing thoughts, regulation of excitement and health anxiety of girls with premenstrual syndrome.

This was a semi -experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research was all the girls who were studying in the second stage of secondary school in Gorgan in the academic year 2022-2023, 30 female students of the second secondary level were selected in a multi-stage cluster and randomly placed in 2 experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research tools included Steiner's premenstrual screening questionnaires, Wells' thought confusion, Garnefski and Kraaij's difficulty in regulating excitement, and Salkovskis' health anxiety. Data analysis was done with SPSS-24 software and statistical methods of univariate covariance analysis at a significance level of p<0.05.

The results of the research showed that the pre-test Averages of the variables of mixing of thoughts, emotion regulation and health anxiety before the intervention in the experimental group were 129.67, 111.92, and 162.85 respectively, and after the intervention, it was 93.66, 78.02, and 146.84. were changed In other words, treatment based on acceptance and commitment is effective on mixing thoughts (P<0.001), emotion regulation (P<0.001) and health anxiety (P<0.001) in girls with premenstrual syndrome.

The results of the research indicate that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment led to a reduction in confusion of thoughts, difficulty in regulating excitement and health anxiety in girls with premenstrual syndrome. The use of this treatment is recommended by mental health specialists and therapists in the field of rehabilitation of girls with premenstrual syndrome.

The aim of this study was to develop a model of Women Returning to drug use based on family functioning and family emotional climate by mediating role of social health in the rehabilitated women addicted to drug. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of 430 women with a history of substance abuse in the rehabilitation camp of new life in Mashhad, from which a sample of 204 people was selected based on the convenient method. Research tools included the Fadardi, Ziaee and Barerfan (2008) Substance use Scale, Epstein, Baldwin & Bishab (1983) family functioning, Hillburn (1964) family emotional climate and Keys' (1998) social health. The statistical analysis was done in the descriptive part based on frequency percentage and average calculation with SPSS24 software and in the inferential part based on structural equation model in AMOS. The reliability of the mentioned four questionnaires was calculated according to Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0.91, 0.90, 0.87 and 0.77 respectively. The findings showed that social health has a positive mediating role in the relationship between the two variables of family functioning and family emotional climate with the tendency to use drugs again. As a result, due to the influence of social health on the functioning of the family and the family emotional climate, with the influence of social health on the ability of people to avoid the tendency to use drugs again, it should be taken into consideration in educational and therapeutic programs in both the educational system and the treatment system.

One of the dangerous unhealthy behaviors that are more common during adolescence compared with other periods of life is the self-injury behavior. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on self-concealment, self-compassion and self-injurious behaviors of female students. The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research was the female high school students in Bandar Turkmen, Iran, during the school years 2022-2023, when 30 students were included by cluster sampling and randomly placed in 2 experimental and control groups (n=15 for each group). The experimental group received dialectical behavior therapy while the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. The research tools included Larson and Justin's self-disclosure questionnaires, Neff's self-compassion, and Klonsky and Glenn's list of self-injury behaviors and functions. The results of the research showed that dialectical behavior therapy was effective on self-concealment, self-compassion and self-injury behaviors of female students (P<0.05). The results indicated that, with a receptive and non-judgmental state of mind and empathy, the dialectical behavior therapy led to the reduction of self-concealment, self-injurious behaviors and enhanced self-compassion in female students.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of positive-oriented psychotherapy on the treatment adherence of chronic breast cancer patients . This study was conducted using a semi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group of 30 women (test group 15 and control group 15) from women with breast cancer referred to Tehran Cancer Research Center.Samples were selected by available sampling method and randomly placed in experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of positivist psychotherapy, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The Chronic Patients Adherence Scale was administered to participants. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the scores of adherence therapy (p<0.05). Positive psychology interventions by motivating patients give them the necessary spirit to comply with the treatment. These interventions teach patients that in addition to having morale, they need to follow medical orders. These positive psychology interventions give patients the feeling that if they follow the treatment plans correctly, the possibility of their treatment will definitely increase significantly. In the field of acceptance of his treatment method, he can get better results and pay more attention to treatment and treatment methods. When positive psychology interventions are taught to patients, their opinions about the treatment method and participation in the treatment method are used, and the person considers himself a part of his treatment decision-making team and shows more participation. In the training course of positive psychology interventions, patients are taught special abilities and how to control their emotions so that patients have the best reaction in situations where they are in different emotional situations and adapt themselves to the situation in a better way. In the training course of positive psychology interventions, patients are given the necessary training in the field of focusing on good memories and the need to restore their spirits and create new good memories, and increase their ability to integrate the good and bad feelings of life. In the training course of positive psychology interventions, patients are given methods of contentment and acceptance of life events and satisfaction with life in any physical and mental state. This training teaches them to be patient with fate and events in life and to respect the people who have the duty of treating him and follow their decisions. Also, teaching positive psychology interventions to patients is given the necessary training in the field of optimism and life expectancy and it is instilled in them that by creating positive relationships with the treatment staff and obeying medical orders and creating interaction with the therapist, better treatment results will be achieved. The results of this research and similar researches can be used in the fields of treatment of chronic breast cancer patients.

Breast cancer is the most common and psychologically affecting cancer among women. This research was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on stressful life events and resilience in women with breast cancer.

The research method was experimental and pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the research was all the women with breast cancer hospitalized in Imam Ali (AS) Bojnord Hospital in 2022, from among whom 30 people were selected by available sampling method and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received eight one-hour therapy sessions based on acceptance and commitment, but the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. The research tools were the stress-causing life events questionnaires of Davoodi (2007) and Connor and Davidson (2003) resilience. The research data was analyzed by univariate covariance analysis and using SPSS version 24 software.

The findings showed that treatment based on acceptance and commitment is effective on stressful life events and resilience in women with breast cancer (p<0.05).

The results indicate that treatment based on acceptance and commitment by reducing experiential avoidance and increasing acceptance leads to reducing distress from stressful life events and increasing resilience of women with breast cancer.

Pregnancy is an important part of a woman's life that requires psychological adjustment. This research was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on pregnancy anxiety and physiological parameters of newborns. In this pre-test-post-test pilot study in which there was an experimental and a control group, single-blind method was used since the evaluation of research participants was based on self-reporting. The statistical population of the research consisted of primiparous women who presented to Bahar Hospital, Shahrood in 2022. Overall 60 women were included in the study via convenience sampling method. They were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=30). The experimental group received eight one-hour therapy sessions based on acceptance and commitment, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Research tools were Vandenberg Pregnancy Anxiety Questionnaire (1989) and Measurement of physiological parameters of newborns. The research data was analyzed by using univariate covariance analysis in the SPSS version 24 software. The findings showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment is effective on pregnancy anxiety and physiological parameters of newborns (p<0.05). The results indicate that treatment based on acceptance and commitment by reducing experiential avoidance and increasing acceptance leads to a decrease in anxiety during pregnancy and improvement of the physiological parameters of newborns.

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of family functioning and loneliness in predicting the tendency to become addicted to Internet among high school girls with working parents.

The statistical population included all high school female students in the academic year of 1400-1401 in Hersin city with working parents, from which 162 people were selected based on the Karjesi-Morgan table by random cluster sampling. Internet addiction questionnaires by Young (1996), Russell, Pilova, and Ferguson (1978) and family functioning questionnaires by Epstein, Baldwin, and Bishab (1950) were used to collect data.

Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation statistics and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The obtained results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between family functioning and the tendency to become addicted to Internet. Also, there is a significant positive relationship between the feeling of loneliness and the tendency to be addicted to Internet (p<0.01). Regression analysis showed that family function 0.314 and feeling alone 0.348 significantly predicted the variance of addiction to Internet (p<0.01).

The findings of this research showed that the variables of family functioning and loneliness have a decisive role in the tendency to become addicted to Internet.

Family is the smallest social unit, its stability or instability affects family members and society. The purpose of this research was to compare the perception of parenting style, early maladaptive schemas and spiritual intelligence in girls with and without divorced parents in Gorgan city. This study was a causal-comparative descriptive research. The socio-statistics were all female students of the second year of secondary school in Gorgan in the academic year 2022-2023. 150 students (75 students with divorced parents and 75 other students) were selected by purposive sampling method. The research tools were Baumrind's (1972) parenting perception questionnaires, Yang's (1998) early maladaptive schemas, and King's spiritual intelligence (2008). To analyze the data, the statistical method of multivariate variance analysis and SPSS version 24 software were used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between girls with and without divorced parents in terms of perception of parenting style, primary incompatible schemas and spiritual intelligence (P<0.05). Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that students with divorced parents in the schemas of cut and rejection, impaired limits and listening to excessive noise; They had permissive and authoritarian parenting style and less spiritual intelligence than other students, and attention to their correction should be taken into consideration by psychotherapy specialists.

During a crisis, especially an epidemic, children are more likely to suffer from psychological problems. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the corona pandemic and sleep quality and impulsivity and mental health of elementary school children.

The method of this research was correlational, and the statistical population of the research was all primary school students of two districts of Karaj city in the academic year of 2021-2021. In this research, 377 students were selected based on Cochran's formula, using multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection tools, World Health Organization (2020) epidemic questionnaires caused by the corona virus; The quality and habits of children's sleep was Owens et al. (2000) and children's impulsivity scale was Hirschfield (1965). Research data were analyzed with Pearson correlation and multiple regression using SPSS version 24 software.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the corona epidemic and sleep quality, impulsivity and mental health of primary school students (p<0.05).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the more restrictions caused by the corona virus pandemic, the more negative sleep habits, impulsiveness will increase and the mental health of students will decrease.

Anxiety is one of the common symptoms in patients with chronic respiratory disorders, including chrona, which negatively affects health and quality of life by weakening the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the treatment focused on compassion on tolerance, chronic pain and anxiety caused by Corona in Gorgan's teachers in 2022.

The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research was all the third grade teachers in the city of Gorgan in the academic year 2021-2022, of which 30 people were selected as a sample using available sampling method and randomly placed in 2 experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group received compassion-focused therapy, and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. The research tools included Alizadeh Fard et al.'s anxiety questionnaires, McGill's pain and distress tolerance questionnaires by Simmons and Gaher. The research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance test.

The results showed that the results generally showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental group and the evidence of distress tolerance, chronic pain, and anxiety caused by Corona (P <0.0001). Central treatment focused on compassion is an important factor in increasing distress tolerance and reducing chronic pain and anxiety caused by chrona in teachers.

Based on the results of therapists, counselors, and psychologists, along with other therapies, use the treatment focused on compassion to promote teachers' psychological status.

One of the consequences of aging in women is menopause, which causes many physical and psychological changes.

This study aimed to the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on sexual responsiveness, body self-esteem, and vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women.

This semi-experimental study, with a pretest-posttest control group design, the statistical population consisted of all women with natural menopause, aged 50-60 years, living in Gorgan, during 2022. A total of 30 women were selected through convenience sampling and were then randomly divided into two intervention and control groups, each consisting of 15 individuals. The intervention group participated in eight weekly sessions one-hour of ACT. The research tools included the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) Lilton (2005), the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) Rosen (2000), and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) Heinemann (2003). For data analysis, multivariate analysis of covariance was performed using SPSS Version 22.

The results showed a significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores of the intervention and control groups in terms of sexual responsiveness, body self-esteem, and vasomotor symptoms (P<0.05). Overall, ACT increased the total score of sexual responsiveness (P<0.03) and reduced negative body self-esteem (P<0.02) and vasomotor symptoms (P<0.01) in menopausal women.

Based on the results, ACT, by enhancing cognitive skills and thought control, improves sexual responsiveness and body self-esteem and reduces vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women. Therefore, this intervention can be suitable for enhancing the mental health of menopausal women.

In the process of caring for a child with cancer, parents face problems that affect their psychological health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy to premature bereavement, overt and hidden anxiety, and failure tolerance of mothers with children suffering from cancer.

The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research was all mothers with children with leukemia hospitalized in Taleghani Hospital in Gorgan City in 2022. Thirty people were selected as a sample and randomly placed in 2 experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group was treated based on acceptance and commitment, and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. The research tools included Nishabouri's premature bereavement questionnaires, Spielberger's overt and covert anxiety questionnaires, and Harrington's failure tolerance questionnaire.

The results of data analysis showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment is effective on premature bereavement, overt and hidden anxiety, and failure tolerance of mothers with cancerous children.

This study indicates that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment leads to the reduction of premature mourning, and overt hidden anxiety, and increases the tolerance of failure of mothers with children suffering from cancer.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on psychological symptoms, quality of life and stress in patients with physical symptoms disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of people with physical symptoms who referred to psychological counseling centers in West Tehran in 2001, and 30 people were selected by purposive sampling and placed in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The research tools were questionnaires on psychological symptoms by Najarian and Davoudi (2010), quality of life by War et al. (1993) and perceived stress by Cohen et al. (1983). The research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance test. The findings showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment is effective on psychological symptoms, quality of life and stress in patients with physical symptoms disorder. The results of the research indicate that treatment based on acceptance and commitment by using cognitive skills leads to a reduction in psychological symptoms, perceived stress and an increase in the quality of life of patients with physical symptoms.

This research was aimed to determine the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on marital intimacy, quality of life, and chronic pain of women affected by marital infidelity in Minodasht city. The statistical population included all the married women affected by spouse infidelity who referred to counseling centers and psychological service clinics of Minodasht Welfare Department in the period of November to December 2022. Thirty women were selected by purposive sampling and they were randomly assigned in two experimental and control groups (15 subjects in each group). The present study was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a follow-up phase. The experimental group underwent eight 60 minutes’ sessions of compassion-based therapy based on the protocol of Tirch et al. (2014). The follow-up was conducted three months after the termination of the post-test. Data was collected by implementing Thompson and Walker's (1983) Marital Intimacy Scale, Warr et al.'s Quality of Life Questionnaire (1993) and McGill's Chronic Pain Questionnaire (1975). The research data was analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance test. The results showed that the treatment based on compassion on marital intimacy (F=14.763, P<0.000), quality of life (F=13.852, P<0.000) and chronic pain (F=455.626, P<0.000) of women affected by marital infidelity were effective and these results were permanent until the follow-up period. The results also indicated that compassion-based therapy had an effect on increasing marital intimacy, quality of life, and reducing the chronic pain of women affected by marital infidelity by creating an atmosphere of empathy and kindness towards oneself.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on the quality of life and resilience of caregivers of patients with MS. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of this research included all caregivers of MS patients admitted to the MS Research Center of Sinai Hospital. Among the caregivers, 30 people were selected through available sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of compassionfocused therapy, but the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. The research tools were World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire and Connor and Davidson's Resilience Questionnaire. Research data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance test and spss-26 software. The results showed that the treatment focused on compassion is effective on quality of life and resilience in caregivers of patients with MS (p<0.05). Based on the results of this research, it can be said that compassion-based treatment has been able to increase the quality of life and resilience of caregivers of MS patients. Therefore, the awareness of experts in the fields of counseling, psychology and health about these variables can be helpful.

This research was conducted with the aim of predicting the tendency to commit marital infidelity based on readiness for impatience, tendency to risky behaviors and emotional intelligence in people with a history of extramarital relationship. The research method was descriptive and of the type of correlational studies. The statistical population of the present study was all couples with a history of marital infidelity who referred to psychological counseling and services centers of peace of mind and Artiman in Mashhad in 2022, based on Cochran's formula, 250 people with extramarital relationship were selected by available sampling method. The research tools included the questionnaires of tendency to marital infidelity by Bashirpour et al. (2017), readiness for boredom by Fallman et al. (2013), tendency to risky behaviors (2015) and emotional intelligence by Bradbury and Graves (2004). Research data were analyzed with Pearson correlation and multiple regression coefficient using spss software version 24. The results of the research showed that readiness for impatience, tendency to risky behaviors and emotional intelligence can predict the tendency to marital infidelity (P<0.05). The results of the research indicate that with the increase in readiness for impatience, tendency to risky behaviors and decrease in emotional intelligence, the tendency to marital infidelity increases.

The present study aimed to predict life satisfaction based on Islamic lifestyle, patience, and tolerance of failure among women in Babolsar, Mazandaran province, Iran.

This descriptive study utilized an applied research method. The statistical population included all women in Babolsar, and 350 cases were selected by convenience sampling method. The required data were then collected using online surveys through the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener et al., 1985), Islamic Lifestyle Questionnaire by Kaviani (2010), as well as Harrington's Failure Tolerance and Evans's (1980) Patience scales. Stepwise regression analysis in SPSS software (version 24) was used for statistical analysis.

The results of the data analysis showed that the Islamic lifestyle and the ability to tolerate failure could predict life satisfaction among women (P<0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis also indicate that Islamic lifestyle and ability to tolerate failure predict 28% of life satisfaction (P<0.05).

According to the results, the necessity of strengthening the Islamic lifestyle by leading life based on Islamic teachings in various institutions and cultivating positive and constructive character traits, such as patience and tolerance of failure, can be noticed by everyone. Therefore, it seems necessary to strengthen and design programs for educating families based on Islamic culture.

 Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and perfectionism are the main mental concerns of adolescent students who are the future makers of the country. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on perfectionism and BDD in students with these concerns.

 The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest with a control group. From 360 high school female students from 4 high schools in the 14th district of Tehran (2016), 34 people with high scores on the cut line (score 93) were selected regarding the BDD scale and as a research sample were randomly divided into two groups of 17 cases per group. Due to the lack of collaboration and sample attrition, 11 and 13 cases in the experimental and control groups completed the perfectionism questionnaire, respectively. The experimental group participated in eight CBT sessions based on the treatment guide of Wright et al. in cyberspace; however, the control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, the post-test was administered. The research instruments were the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptom Scale. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) using ANCOVA, MANCOVA, and multivariate covariance analysis.

 The effectiveness of CBT in BDD was not significant at P≤0.01 and the perfectionism variable. The CBT explained 39.9% of the variance of predictor variables.

 Considering the effectiveness and efficiency of CBT to reduce students' mental concerns, prevent related disorders, and improve their quality of life, this piece of training can be included in the school curriculum.

The aim of this study was to predict social adjustment based on the variables of parenting style, perfectionism and creative thinking in ninth grade students in Rasht city. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population included all ninth grade girls in public and non-profit schools in Rasht in the academic year 2020-2021, from which 150 people were selected as the statistical sample by available sampling method. To collect data ,Bell Adaptation Questionnaire (1961), Bamrind (1967) parenting styles, Hill et al. (2004) Perfectionism Scale, and Welch and McDowell (2002) Creative Thinking Skills Assessment were used. Data analysis was done using Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis in a step-by-step manner.Findings also showed that there is a significant relationship between social adjustment with parenting styles (authoritarian and authoritarian), perfectionism and creative thinking (p ˂ 0.01). The results of regression analysis revealed that among the components of parenting styles, authoritarian style in a negative way with a beta coefficient of -2.74 and authoritative style in a positive way with a beta coefficient of 4.29 equal to the predictability of social adjustment variables. Also, perfectionism and creative thinking each have beta coefficients of 0.37 and -0.24, respectively, for social adjustment, which shows that the predictor variables of perfectionism are positive and creative thinking is negative. Provide criteria for explaining the variable (p ˂ 0.01). Considering above mentioned finding, it seems that  in order to increase social adjustment, the variables of parenting styles, perfectionism and creative thinking  are essential. The type of parenting methods of parents can have the strongest and most stable effects on the emotional and cognitive development of a child, so that its effects will be manifested during adolescence. Also, perfectionism is one of the personality structures that plays an important role in people's compromise. And one dimension of adaptability is social adaptation, which includes the individual's adaptation to his social environment, so positive perfectionism can have logical strategies for the individual.

Most people who commit suicide suffer from psychiatric disorders, especially depression and substance-related disorders. However, major psychiatric disorders are not the sole risk factor for suicide, and other reasons, such as physical illness, may also be considered as an important factor for suicide ideation. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of suicidal ideation and its relationship with depression and the general health status of patients referred to addiction treatment centers in Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 689 patients referred to addiction treatment centers in Yazd, Khorasan Razavi, Mazandaran, Sistan and Baluchistan, Fars, East Azarbaijan, and Kermanshah Provinces who were undergoing maintenance treatment with methadone in 2017. In this multicenter study, the subjects were selected by two-stage sampling; in the first stage, seven provinces (clusters) were randomly selected, and in the second stage, the patients from the selected provinces were enrolled via convenience sampling. The instruments used in this study included the General Health Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Suicide Idea Scale.

Of 689 patients, 218 (31.6%) had suicidal ideation. 21.91% (151 cases) of subjects had history of attempted to suicide. There was a significant relationship between suicidal ideation, depression, and general health status and its dimensions including physical symptoms, anxiety and sleep disorders, social functioning, and depression (P<0.05).

Suicidal ideation is present in one-third of the people who refer to addiction treatment centers in Iran. Depression and poor general health are major contributors to suicidal ideation.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of positive psychology training on students' wisdom, resilience, and cognitive flexibility. The research design was quasi-experimental, using pretest, post-test and follow-up design with the control group. The sample consisted of 30 undergraduate students of Payame Noor University in the academic year 2020-2021. The participants were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. First, in the pretest stage, both groups answered the questionnaires on wisdom, resilience, and cognitive flexibility. Then, positive psychology training was performed in 14 sessions of 60 minutes for the experimental group and the post-test was administered. After two months, for the third time (as a follow-up), both groups answered the research questionnaires. The analysis of covariance showed that positive psychology training caused stable changes in wisdom, resilience, and cognitive flexibility in the experimental group compared to the control group in the post-test. This effect was also sustained during the follow-up phase. The research findings indicate that positive psychology training could improve wisdom, resilience, and cognitive flexibility. 

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of problem-solving skills in predicting mathematical motivation and mathematical self-efficacy in children with Special Learning Disorders such as mathematics in Tehran. The research method was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students with learning disabilities in the first year of elementary school in Tehran in the academic year 2020. For the research sample, 90 students with math learning disabilities were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected through Hepner Problem Solving Skills Questionnaires (1988), Usher & Pajares Mathematical Self-Efficacy (2009), Corter Mathematical Motivation (2005) and Iran Mathematical Test by K Matt Grenus, Naji Man and Pritchett (1976). The data obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires were analyzed by regression statistical method. Findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components of problem-solving confidence, attitude-avoidance style and personal control with mathematical motivation and mathematical self-efficacy. The results of regression analysis also showed that problem solving skills are strong predictors of mathematical motivation and mathematical self-efficacy. Considering the role of problem-solving skills in creating and expressing mathematical motivation and mathematical self-efficacy in students with special learning disabilities such as math, it is possible to prevent math-specific learning disabilities by identifying them in a timely manner.

 In all societies, the behavior of children and adolescents is one of the main concerns of the education system and families and social adjustment is the most important aspect of social development that is related to different people as well as career and academic success. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-compassion and optimism in students: the mediating role of social adjustment.

 The present study was correlated in terms of the applied nature and design of the present study. The statistical population of the present study included all-female high school students in the city of Islamshahr in the academic year 2021-2022, according to Cochran's formula, 378 people were selected by available sampling to participate in the study. Data were collected using the Self-Compassion Questionnaire (2003), Gettersum Optimism (1982), and the Bell Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1961). Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis method in structural equations were used to analyze the data.

 The results showed that self-compassion, optimism, and social adjustment have a significant positive correlation (p<0.01). The social adjustment also mediated the relationship between self-compassion and optimism.

 Based on the research findings, social adjustment can be improved by designing programs based on improving optimism and self-compassion.

It is very important to pay attention to the issues affecting how to perform tasks and improve the quality of nurses' performance. The aim of the present study is to explain the predictive role of resilience and coping styles in burnout of nurses in corona sections.

This research is descriptive and correlational. Cluster sampling in the second half of 2021 was one of the wards assigned to coronary patients in Ibn Sina Hospital was selected in District 5 Tehran city. 168 people were selected as a statistical sample. The instruments used in this study were Lazarus and Folkman (1988) Coping Strategies Questionnaire, Meslach Burnout (MBI) (1985), Connor and Davidson Resilience (CD-RISC) (2003). Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression were used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the variables of problem-oriented style (r = -0.399), emotion-oriented (r = 0.365) and resilience (r = -0.277) can significantly predict nurses' burnout. It’s estimated for both problem-oriented and resilience predictor variables and for positive emotion-oriented predictor variables.

High resilience and coping styles reduce the problem of burnout in nurses. Emotional coping styles are also effective in increasing burnout.

This study was to investigate and compare the personality traits and cognitive distortions of people convicted of robbery, drugs, and financial crimes.

A descriptive causal comparison was performed among all prisoners of financial crimes, robbery, and drugs in Shirvan prison; in which two hundred forty male prisoners were selected voluntarily. Neo-five-factor questionnaire and interpersonal cognitive distortion scale were answered by the participants. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance by SPSS software. 

The results of data analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of personality traits and cognitive distortions of people convicted of robbery, drugs, and financial crimes.

Based on these findings, it is suggested that studies be conducted to prevent crime and non-criminal strategies and situational prevention and what facilitates criminal behavior. There is a need to pay special attention to the provision of psychological services, especially psychological training by prison psychologists to prisoners.