فهرست مطالب ایرج ملکی

Covid-19 is the name of the disease caused by the new SARS-Cov-2 virus. Thus far, numerous non-specific therapies have been employed for this viral infection, however, the majority of these medications have proven to be ineffective and have been correlated with a multitude of adverse effects for patients. Therefore, the use of medicinal plants has received a lot of attention. The current study aims to investigate the effects of the supplemental drug Curcumex on the healing process in outpatients with COVID-19.

The present study, which is a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial, was conducted on outpatients with covid-19 which has the code of ethics number IR.MAZUMS.REC.1400.593 from Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The inclusion criteria for this study include patients who had a ground glass appearance in the CT scan of the chest, the presence of clinical symptoms such as dry cough, shortness of breath, fever, weakness, diarrhea, headache, runny nose, or having a history of contact with a corona patient or recent travel to High-risk areas and people who had a positive PCR result in the nasopharyngeal swab were defined. Curcumex is a new herbal medicine that contains a combination of black pepper, turmeric, and ginger. Black pepper is hot in nature and has astringent, anti-bloating, and digestive properties. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects have been reported for this plant, which can be useful in COVID-19 disease. The sample size was equal to 60 people who were divided into 2 intervention and control groups of 30 people. Both groups received routine medications prescribed for outpatients. In addition to these treatments, one group received curcumex (containing 170 mg of ginger, 4 mg of black pepper, and 340 mg of turmeric) daily, and the control group received a placebo.

The results of the current study indicated that the average duration of all clinical symptoms measured in this study was significantly less in the intervention group than in the control group (shortness of breath: 2.13 days vs. 3.66 days; cough: 4 days vs. 7.6 days; Gastrointestinal symptoms: 0.73 days vs. 2.21 days and myalgia: 4.1 days vs. 9.2 days). Also, these results show that the average body temperature before the start of the intervention in the intervention group was 38.32 degrees Celsius and 38.17 degrees Celsius in the control group. This rate 5 day after the start of the study in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group (37.46 degrees Celsius vs. 37.92). The average oxygen saturation before the intervention was 94.76% in the intervention group and 95.63% in the control group. This amount 5 day after the start of the study in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group (97.16% vs. 96.1%) (Table 2). to the control group. The results of this study showed that the average number of lymphocytes after the intervention in the intervention group increased significantly compared to the control group (1544.46 in the intervention group and 1132.58 in the control group).

This study showed that daily consumption of Curcumex drug as a supplement along with other routine treatments of COVID-19 disease has a positive effect on the recovery process of the disease shortens the course of clinical symptoms, reduces inflammatory markers by a quarter, and corrects lymphopenia. The duration of clinical symptoms, including shortness of breath, cough, myalgia, and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 who have been treated with Curcomex has significantly decreased. Furthermore, these results indicated that the recovery of fever and hypoxemia (decreased hemoglobin oxygen saturation) in the intervention group was faster than the placebo group and was significantly less than the group of patients who received a placebo.

In the article published in volume 33, issue 222, 2023, the second author’s name was incorrect. It should have been Iradj Maleki, also his affiliation was incorrect, which both are now corrected.

Mahboobe Ebrahimi1,
 Hafez tirgar Fakheri2,
Tarang Taghvaei3,
Iradj Maleki2,
Vahid Hosseini3,
 Arash Kazemi Veisari1,
Zohre Bari1,
Hajar Shokri-Afra4,
Sepehr tirgar Fakheri5

1 Assistant Professor, Gut and Liver Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2 Professor, Gut and Liver Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Gut and Liver Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
4 PhD in Clinical Biochemistry, Gut and Liver Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
5 General Physician, Gut and Liver Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran

In the article published in volume 32, issue 209, 2022, the affiliation of Iradj Maleki was published incorrectly, which is now corrected.

Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of the most common reasons for emergency admission. In majority of patients, bleeding stops spontaneously, but some high-risk patients may suffer from many complications secondary to upper GI bleeding, so differentiation of low-risk and high-risk patients in emergency departments is of particular importance. Glasgow Blatchford Score (GBS), Clinical Rockall Score (CRS) and Full Rockall Score (FRC) are the most common assessment tools for evaluating patients with upper GI bleeding.

In a prospective descriptive study, for 249 patients with upper GI bleeding who referred to an emergency department, GBS and CRS were used at first visit, and after endoscopy the FRC was used. Two weeks after discharge, a checklist was completed to determine the disease prognosis that included items about mortality, re-bleeding, the need for surgery, and blood transfusion.

In Glasgow Blatchford Scoring system, 238 (95.6%) people were considered high risk and 11 (4.4%) patients were low risk. CRS showed 165 (66.3%) high-risk patients and 84 (33.7%) low-risk patients. According to FRC, 193 (77.5%) patients were high risk and 56 (22.5%) were low risk.

The Full Rockall scoring system is an acceptable criterion for identifying high-risk patients and a very accurate post-endoscopic scoring tool that helps in identifying patients with a poor prognosis. Among the pre-endoscopic scoring systems, CRS is valuable in identifying low-risk patients, and their follow-up and endoscopy as an outpatient procedure. GBS is more valuable in identifying high risk patients.

</span> Considering the prevalence of gastrointestinal cancers in the region and the importance of helpful criteria in the diagnosis of the disease, the present study was conducted to compare the blood parameters neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) in gastric cancer patients in Mazandaran province and its comparison with non-affected people.</span></span></span>
</span> This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 and 2020 on 62 cancer patients referred to Imam Hospital in Sari in the case group and 124 non-patients from the community in the control group. Convenience sampling was used in the case group and random sampling was used in the control group from among the Tabari Cohort Population. The two groups were matched in terms of age and gender. The required data including age, gender, LMR, NLR and PLR for all subjects as well as pathological indices and chemotherapy status were recorded for the case group.</span></span></span>
</span> The gender ratio in both groups was 69.4% males and 30.6% females. The mean age of the examined subjects in the group of cancer patients and the control group was 62.3±12.53 and 51.7±9.02 years, respectively (p=0.105). The mean NLR (2.14 vs. 1.62, p=0.000) and PLR (9.48 vs. 6.27, p=0.000) in the group with gastric cancer were significantly higher than the healthy control group, and the mean LMR (3.42±2.12 vs. 10.9±2.99, p=0.000) was significantly lower than the healthy control group.</span></span></span>
</span></span> The results of high NLR and PLR and low LMR showed that these indices can be used in gastric cancer screening studies.</span></span></span></div>

Crohn’s disease is a chronic  and common bowel disease caused gestational tract (GI) inflammation. In recent years, the prevalence of this disease has been increasing slowly  in the world and Iran .This study briefly introduces Crohn's disease with a review of related articles published during 2004-2021.
The most accepted theory of the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease is having a genetic background (CARD25/NOD2 mutations and polymorphisms of TLR), along with the abnormal response of the intestinal normal flora. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and weight loss are the most common symptoms of the disease. To diagnose, clinical symptoms, physical examination, laboratory tests, endoscopy and colonoscopy are helpful.The aim of the treatment is to control the symptoms, reduce clinical symptoms, prevent the progression of the disease, reduce the need for surgery, nutritional support, and reduce its side effects.Moreover,anti-tumor necrosis factors  and corticosteroid medications to regulate the immune system are used. New biological agents such as anti-integrin medications have opened a better perspective for patients. To reach a good care and treatment, it is requires a team including the patient, health care workers, internal specialists, endocrinologists, infectious disease specialists, and epidemiologists to work together to meet health and treatment needs, physical and psychological support, creating health and preventive measures, approaches fast diagnosis and timely action. Due to the unknown cause of the disease and the lack of adequate treatment response to the existing medications, investigate and research more widely about Crohn's disease is needed.

Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic liver inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that is more common in women. The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical, histopathological, laboratory, and elastography findings and outcome in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and verifying the factors associated with treatment response in Sari, Iran.

This research is a descriptive study in which demographic, clinical, histopathological, laboratory and elastographic information of 136 autoimmune hepatitis patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital and specialized gastrointestinal clinics in Sari during the years 2019-2021 was recorded in a pre-designed questionnaire.

In the study of the relationship between demographic, laboratory, histopathological, elastographic, and clinical factors with response to treatment, only prothrombin time (PT) and platelet (PLT) count had a significant relationship with response to treatment (p < 0.05). In fact, thrombocytopenia and high PT led to poor treatment response and high PT was associated with a higher probability of recurrence. There was also a significant relationship between cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis at the time of diagnosis with response to treatment (p < 0.05). People with cirrhosis experienced less response to treatment. None of the factors mentioned were related to the new cirrhosis (p < 0.05). In the study of the relationship between the results of the initial and subsequent liver fibroscan during the follow-up, the reduction of fibrosis following treatment was clearly seen.

Liver elastography is recommended for fibrosis evaluation during treatment and follow-up.

Disease registry of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an emerging global health threat could create a suitable research context, identify various aspects of the disease from symptoms to laboratory diagnoses, and determine effectiveness of treatment. The present study aimed to design and implement COVID-19 registry in Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital and investigated preliminary results.

At first stage, to design the disease registry, a strategy committee was established consisting of experts involved in COVID-19. Variables determined by members of the registry strategy committee included demographic findings, patients’ vital signs, comorbidity, laboratory findings, diagnostic test results, disease forms, complications, patients’ prognosis, and medical interventions on admission and at the time of discharge. Then, a web based software was designed in Structured Query Language (SQL) to record the information. The study population included all patients attending Sari Imam Khomeini Hospital with clinical and molecular diagnosis of COVID-19.

Out of 1924 registered patients, 829 (43.1%) were female. The mean age of patients was 53.2±17.5 years. The mean ages of men and women were 53.9±16.8 and 52.7±18.1 years, respectively (P= 0.142).

Outbreak of COVID-19 and paucity of information about the disease call for an accurate, complete, and reliable database including timely information which could be achieved by an integrated disease registry.

Scientific studies are one of the most effective methods of scientific evaluation in valid databases. The purpose of this study was to investigate and evaluate the scientific production of researchers in the field of psychology during 2013-2017. All articles related to psychology indexed in the ISI citation system within the years 2013-2017 were retrieved and reviewed where qualified meeting the inclusion criteria were selected as the statistical population. Excel software was used to draw the diagram and VOS viewer mapping software with the capacity of drawing up the vocabulary map. Findings indicated that the year 2017 has the largest share of scientific production in the field of psychology. Also, in the study of the subject areas; results showed that articles related to behavior and moral issues, depression and mental health were greatly significant in this field. Categories such as behavior and moral issues, health, education, views and perspectives as well asmental health were the most used issues in the field of psychology. Among the subject categories, the field of mental health has been observed to be closely related to other fields in this category. Results also indicated that there is an inverse relation between the length of the word and the number of times the words are used in each text. Given the importance of mental health in today's societies, researchers in this field should study all areas in their research in order to improve and maintain the health of the people and the health of the community.

Identifying precancerous lesions for early detection of gastric cancer is greatly important in high risk areas for stomach cancer. In this study, we evaluated stomach biomarkers as a non-invasive method for recognition of gastric precancerous lesions. In a cross-sectional study, patients with chronic dyspeptic symptoms who were candidate for endoscopy were selected from Sari gastroenterology clinic. After endoscopic and pathological evaluations, patients were divided into three groups: those with normal endoscopic findings and pathology, patients with chronic active gastritis, and those with intestinal metaplasia. Their serum samples were evaluated for PG1, PG2, PG1/PG2 ratio, Gastrin-G17, and Helicobacter pylori serology. Data analysis was done in SPSS V21. A total of 63 patients were investigated of whom 19 were found with normal endoscopic results and pathology, 25 had chronic active gastritis, and there were 19 with intestinal metaplasia. Serum levels of PG1 and PG2 in patients with chronic active gastritis and intestinal metaplasia were higher than normal patients (p<0.05). These patients also had higher incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection compared with normal patients. (75% vs. 21%). Measurement of PG1, PG2, and anti-H pylori antibody in dyspeptic patients can be helpful in identifying gastric precancerous lesions.

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the two essential factors determining ulcerative colitis (UC) onset and severity status. In present study, we aimed to investigate short-term effects of ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent on the quality of life, disease activity index and some of inflammatory and oxidative stress factors in patients with active mild to moderate UC. This study was a double blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial conducted in nutrition and diet therapy clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran, from October 2017 to June 2018. Forty-six patients with active mild to moderate UC daily consumed four capsules of 500 mg dried ginger powder or similar placebo through eating their meals for 6 weeks. Before and after intervention, we analyzed patient´s scores of disease activity index, by simple clinical colitis activity index questionnaire (SCCAIQ) as well as their quality of life using inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire-9 (IBDQ-9). We also measured serum concentrations of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), high sensitive (hs)-CRP and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in fasted blood samples of each participant. Additionally, anthropometric and dietary intake values of energy, macro/micronutrients and minerals of all of participants were assessed at the same time. While the mean of anthropometric measures and dietary intake values remained unchanged during the study, MDA level decreased in ginger group (P=0.04) compared with placebo group. Additionally, ginger supplementation successfully lowered serum levels of TNF-α and disease activity index after 6 weeks of intervention compared with baseline in ginger consumer group, however the increase of quality of life score was not statistically significant in mentioned group versus baseline values. No significant change in other study outcomes was observed at the end of 6 weeks within and between groups. Our data indicates that two grams per day supplementation with dried ginger powder can reduce oxidative stress level of patients with active mild to moderate UC.

Clinical trials and meta-analyses have reported about 20% failure rates in first-line Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. This reflects the need for effective second-line eradication regimens.
61 patients with H. pylori infection who had failed previous non-bismuth clarithromycin-containing first line therapies entered the study. They were given a 14-day levofloxacin-containing triple regimen consisted of pantoprazole 40 mg, amoxicillin 1gr, and levofloxacin 500mg, each given twice daily. Eight weeks after the treatment, H. pylori eradication was assessed by 14C-urea breath test.
All patients completed the study. The eradication rate was 91.8% (95% confidence interval = 84.9% – 98.6%) by both intention to treat and per-protocol analyses. Side effects of therapy were reported by eight patients (13.1%), but they were severe in only two patients (3.2%).
According to the high H. pylori eradication rate and the very low rate of severe adverse effects, levofloxacin-containing triple therapy seems to be a suitable second-line option in case of previous failure by clarithromycin-containing therapies. We suggest further studies with shorter duration of treatment or lower dose of levofloxacin.

Background and Suitable sedation during gastrointestinal (GI) tract endoscopy leads to the patient’s and the physician’s satisfaction and enhances the quality and the adequacy of the procedure.
In a clinical trial, 140 patients were randomly assigned into two groups in order to compare the adequacy of upper GI tract endoscopy after choosing the type of sedation by either the physician or the patient who were provided with educational pamphlets.
Among 70 patients for whom the type of sedation was chosen by the physician, 15.7% received just local Lidocaine spray, 65.7% received Lidocaine spray intravenous (IV) Midazolam, and 18.5% received Lidocaine spray I.V. Midazolam I.V. Pethidine. No patient needed any change in the dose or type of sedation. From 70 patients in the second group 13 (18.5%) chose just Lidocaine spray, but almost half of these patients could not tolerate the procedure and received I.V. Midazolam. Also, 41 (58.5%) chose Lidocaine spray I.V. Midazolam, but 2 of them received I.V. Pethidine due to intolerance. Furthermore, 16 patients (22.8%) chose Lidocaine I.V. Midazolam I.V. Pethidine, but one of them received I.V. Propofol due to intolerance.
Patient’s right to make decisions is an important issue in choosing the type of sedation for endoscopy, nevertheless, a considerable number of patients cannot make an appropriate decision independently.

Background and Crohn disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder in which a failure of tolerance to the intestinal antigens plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Treg cells control immune responses to self and foreign antigens and have an important role in maintaining self-tolerance. In this study we evaluated the frequency of Tregs in the peripheral blood of patients with Crohn disease compared with healthy control group. In a case-control study, 18 patients with Crohn disease and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Blood sampling was done in both patients and controls and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. Then, the frrequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+CD127low/– Tregs and CD4+CD25+FoxP3– activated effector T cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Data analysis was performed in GraphPad Prism and SPSS. The results showed that the frequency of Treg cells in the peripheral blood of CD patients was significantly lower compared to that of the healthy controls. In addition, a significant decrease in Treg/activated effector T cells ratio was observed in CD patients compared to controls. The results showed that Crohn disease is associated with a decrease in the peripheral blood Tregs pool. Moreover, it seems that the balance between Tregs and effector T cells is disturbed in CD patients.

H. pylori infection in the stomach was the first major cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma (MALT). Evaluation of the infection eradication is important. H. pylori infection was associated with gastric glands dysfunction such as increased serum gastrin and increased secretion of Pepsinogen. In recent years the measurement of serum gastrin and pepsinogen were considered to evaluation of Helicobacter pylori eradication.

In a case - control study، we evaluated the changes of serum pepsinogen type 1 and 2 in H. pylori-positive patients after eradication therapy، and we assessed the correlation of serum pepsinogen type 1 and 2 and with successful eradication therapy.

Pepsinogen type 1 and 2 serum levels significantly decreased after successful eradication in comparison with unsuccessful eradication. The both 2 markers decreased after 8 weeks of therapy. Pepsinogen 1 by a 41. 1% decrease in 8 weeks after eradication had 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for successful eradication. 64. 1% reduction in pepsinogen 2، 8 weeks after treatment had 97. 5% sensitivity and specificity for successful eradication.

According to the findings of this study and other previous studies، changes in the type 2 pepsinogen serum levels، can be a reliable indicator of successful eradication of H-pylori infection. Although our study showed that changes in pepsinogen 1 levels have a sufficient sensitivity and specificity of treatment، but in our study some factors including atrophic gastritis and age that affected on type 1 pepsinogen serum levels، did not considered.

Ramadan fasting is the implementation of a full and regular body and mental health care، which is considered both. It is scientifically proven that Ramadan fasting not only causes Mental Relaxation، But also Causes Increase in Endorphin hormones، which Helps Recovery Mental condition. These events Cause Relief and increase consciousness in fasting person. The question is fasting is good for health or not. Which patient is able to fast? To answer these questions we decided to review Gastro -intestinal diseases and effect of fasting with them.

Background and Colonoscopy is an invasive short-lasting procedure causes the patient's considerable pain, discomfort and anxiety. Therefore, various types of sedation and analgesia techniques have been used during the procedure. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of sedation/analgesia of propofol-fentanyl and midazolam-meperidine combinations in patients undergoing elective colonoscopy. Eighty-three patients scheduled for elective colonoscopy under sedation were enrolled in this randomized double-blind study. In propofol-fentanil group, patients received fentanyl (1 µg/kg) and propofol (0.5 mg/kg) followed by an infusion of 25 µg/kg/min. Group midazolam-meperidine received meperidine (0.7 mg/kg) with midazolam (0.03 mg/kg). The assessment included measurements of quality of sedation, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and evaluation of the recovery time. The systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and percent of blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) remined stable during the procedure. Sedation level was higher in propofol-fentanil group. Recovery time was 12.68 ± 4.90 and 25.75 ± 2.07 minutes in the propofol-fentanil and midazolam-meperidine groups, respectively (P = 0.023). Propofol-fentanil can provide better sedation, satisfaction and analgesia than midazolam-meperidine during colonoscopy. Therefore, it can be recommend in patients scheduled for elective colonoscopy.

Background and

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of increased liver enzymes. The world population are suffering from NAFLD (30% in IRAN, 20% - 40% in western countries, and 5% - 30% in Asia-Pacific). The prevalence of NAFLD is higher in hyperlipidemic, diabetic and obese people. This study assessed the preventive effect of sylmarin on the progression of NAFLD/NASH.

This clinical trial was performed in 41 patients with NAFLD referring to gastrointestinal clinics in Sari. The patients were randomly divided into case and control groups. The case group was treated with a tablet containing 140 mg silymarin twice a day for six months and the control group was given placebo for the same period. The data was analyzed using independent t-test, paired t-test and Chi-Square in SPSS.

At the end of the treatment period the improvement of steatosis in sonography was more significant in case group (P= 0.03). Liver enzymes reduced significantly in silymarin group compared to other group (P= 0.002 for ALT and P= 0.01 for AST).

In this study sylmarin reduced the liver enzymes in the intervention group. Therefore, it could be of great benefit in the treatment of NAFLD.

Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), collectively known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are chronic illnesses that affect predominately the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis and etiology remain unclear but the importance of environmental factors, in particular diet, is evidenced by the increased incidence rates of the recent decades that genetic inheritance cannot account for. In particular, the quantity of fatty acid consumption has been consistently linked with IBD risk. While several studies have investigated the connections between diet, etiology, signs and symptoms associated with IBD, very few have explored the relationship between disease state and specific fatty acid intake in the pediatric IBD population. In this cross-sectional study, 65 patients that all patients had colit ulcerative and it hadn’t passed more than 6 months of their desease. And also 137 healthy individual that matched for age, sex, contraceptive pills and smoking with patients. all participants in the study were recruited from Sari hospital. dietary record was used through mechanized food frequency questionnaire(MFFQ). A logistic regression and liner regression analysis was carried out to correlate disease severity with the dietary intake of omega 3, omega 6 fatty acid, omega 6/3 ratio. The findings showed that the highest quartile of intake of omega 6/3 fatty acid was associated with an increase risk of ulcerative colitis (OR, 3/48 95% CI, 1/43-8/45, P= 0/006) with a significant trend across quartiles (OR 1/09, Pt=0/008). highest quartile of intake of omega-6 fatty acid intake also was associated with increase the risk of ulcerative colitis)OR, 2/16 95% CI, 0/91-5/1, P=0/07) with a significant trend across quartiles (OR 1/02, Pt=0/08). also highest quartile of intake of omega-3 fatty acid was associated with a reduce risk of ulcerative colitis (OR, 0/43 95%CI, 0/15-1/21, P=0/11) but, this rate was not statistically significant (OR 0/17, Pt =0/94). While the western diet has high ratio of omega6 than omega 3,several studies, including this study show that increasing the ratio of omega 6/3 in the diet may also resulted in an increased incidence of many chronic disease like IBD. Overall, the findings obtained in the present study emphasizes the importance of choosing an appropriate dietary pattern that includes a good ratio of omega 6/3.

The patient was a 67-year-old female who presented with severe rectal bleeding since three days prior to hospital admission. She complained of mild abdominal pain. Rectal examination revealed the presence of fresh blood and a clot. She had a normal upper endoscopy. A colonoscopy showed a large clot with bloody secretions up to the cecum, with no obvious origin. Because of the severity of bleeding, a laparotomy was performed. Resection included large areas of the ileum and jejunum which were involved. Pathology report was remarkable for diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

In order to study the effect of pre-harvest application of paraquat on yield and seed quality of canola, an experiment was conducted in Lorestan and Mazandaran during 2006-2007. The experimental design was factorial randomized complete blocks with 3 replications and 10 treatments. Treatments included three doses of paraquat (1.5, 2 and 2.5 L/ha) and three dates of paraqat application (early, on time and late physiological maturity stages of canola), and check (no paraquat application). Results indicated that there was no difference among doses or dates of paraquat application in yield, extracted oil and rapeseed seed germination. There was no difference between the results of two locations of the experiment. Because the population of cruciferous weeds in Lorestan was low, no significant difference of erucic acid content of the extracted oil was observed among treatments. On the other hand, due to the high population of Sinapis arvensis in Mazandaran, the erucic acid content of the extracted oil in paraquat treated plots was lower than in the check plots.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) plays an important role in the genesis of cancers of cervix and oral cavity. Squamous epithelium of esophagus is an appropriate site for HPV infection. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of this infection with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In a case-control study forty cases of ESCC and forty controls with nonmalignant specimens from the patients referred to Imam Khomeini hospital–Sari (Mazandaran, Iran) during eight years (2001-2008) were enrolled. Extracted DNAs from the specimens were analyzed for HPV DNA with the commercial kits available for HPV. Fifteen (37.5%) cases of ESCC and 5 (12.5%) specimens of controls were positive for HPV DNA (p=0.03). The most common genotypes in the ESCC patients and control group were HPV16 & HPV45 (each 15% for ESCC patients; HPV16 7.5% and HPV45 five percent for the controls). There was no significant difference for HPV genotype and patient’s age, sex or tumor’s stage and grade. HPV may be counted as an important risk factor for ESCC in northern region of Iran.

Aspiration pneumonia is a critical disease and can result from a various causes. Epiphrenic diverticula is a rare disorder, which can cause aspiration of food material contained in it. Mediastinal tuberculosis can also cause traction diverticula at mid-esophagus, which usually are asymptomatic and induce no complication. In this article we describe a case, suffering of all these three disorders and after seven years of surgery and medical treatment any symptom was not found in the patient.

Introduction & Hepatitis C viruses (HCVs), which is an enveloped RNA cense positive, are classified into six major genotypes and multiple subtypes. Infection with this virus has been found to be a major cause of liver disease. Also, HCV infection is quite high among chronic hemodialysis patients. The purpose of the present study was to compare the genotypes of HCV and associated risk factors in hemodialysis patients with positive HCV non uremic patients. Sera sample were taken from population consisted of 113 non uremic patients and uremic ones with HCV who referred to Imam Khomeini nephrology clinic and Sari and Ghaemshahr Dialysis Centers: Case group was consisted of 55 patients with positive HCV hemodialysis disease. The control group consisted of 58 patients suffering from non-uremic positive HCV. Samples were tested with improved Real-Time PCR technique using the appropriate kit. In this study, the mean age of case group was 44.88±14.6 and for the control group was 46.73±11.9. Considering the sex of participants, 23 (41.8%) were female patients and 32 (58.2%) were in the case group while 13 female (22.4%) and 45 male (77.6%) were in the control group. The most common genotype of HCV in case group was 1a-b (72.7%) and in control group was 3a (50%). Significant differences (p<0.05) were seen in HCV genotypes between two case and control groups. BUN and Cratinin in hemodialysis patients showed observable differences in comparison to control group (p<0.05), while PTT, AST, ACT in control group were higher in compare with hemodialysis patients (P < 0.05). This study showed that the hepatitis C virus genotype and its associated risk factors in hemodialysis patients and non uremic patients is different.