بهرام نصیری

Regional, ethnic and religious conflicts have targeted the unity of Islamic countries and caused divergence in relations between Islamic countries. However, from the Qur'an's point of view, the issue of "brotherhood" is one of the essential issues among the Muslim Ummah, and the Qur'an emphasizes not only the convergence of Muslims but also their convergence with other nations of the world. In this study, in addition to investigating the reason for the revelation, interpretation and context of the ninth verse of Surah Al-Hujurat and other related verses, the proposed solutions of the Qur'an in this regard are explained. The output of the research is that from the perspective of the Holy Quran, the relations of Muslims with everyone are based on the advice of kindness, installment and justice. However, in the social relations of Muslims with each other, in addition to the aforementioned points, the issue of brotherhood has also been emphasized.

Introduction & In Cryptorchidism, testis is arrested in its normal path of descent. The importance of cryptorchidism is in its complications, such as: inguinal hernia, infertility, cancer, torsion of the spermatic cord and psychological disorders. The irreparable nature of some of these complications, show the necessity of more attention to the treatment of cryptorchidism. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of high dose of HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin) on Cryptorchidism treatment and the reduction of the necessity of surgical intervention in boys between 1-3 years of age.
Our study included 70 cryptorchidic boys, between 1-3 years of age. Patients were divided into two groups (A and B). One group received 1500 IU of high dose of HCG three times weekly for 3 weeks. The second group also received placebo, three times weekly for 3 weeks. One month after the last injection, patients were evaluated with physical examination and ultra-sonography. The effect of HCG on testicular descent and size was examined. Finally, patients who were not treated underwent surgery. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software, using descriptive statistical tests, chi-square ýtest, t test, and logistic regression.
A positive correlation was found between the rate of success and the testicular position. There was no relation between the HCG response and gestational age and the age at which treatment was initiated. Response to HCG treatment of cryptorchidism (Testicular descent and testicular size) was 80% (P Based on the findings of present study, HCG is effective in descension and enlargement of testis, so confirmation of this matter require complementary studies with larger sample size.

Introduction & The aim of this study is to evaluate the value of elevated white cell count (WCC), C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and bilirubin in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. In this prospective study, all patients (n=189), with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis, who had undergone operation in teaching hospitals during one-year period, were studied, regardless of their age. After considering the exclusion criteria, 149 patients were evaluated. In all patients, in addition to routine tests, measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) and bilirubin were performed. Surgery was performed on the basis of Alvarado score. After surgery, the patients were classified into three groups (positive appendectomy, negative appendectomy and perforated appendicitis) according to pathological findings, and the results were evaluated. Out of 149 patients, 86 were males and were 60 females with e mean age of 28.1±12.7 years. The pathological examination revealed that 20 patients (13.4%) had negative appendectomy, and Positive appendectomy was observed in 129 patients (6.86%), of which 23 had perforated appendicitis that was confirmed by histopathologic results. In this study, a statistically significant difference was observed between the patients with positive and patients with negative appendectomy, in terms of levels of CRP, mean total WCC and mean levels of bilirubin (P<0.001). In addition, the highest sensitivity in diagnosis of appendicitis was related to CRP (80.1%). Furthermore, the highest specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were related to bilirubin, with specificity of 81/3 % and PPV of 92.5%. If the diagnosis of appendicitis is indicated in patient with tenderness, i.e. RLQ rebound tenderness and elevated levels of WCC, CRP and bilirubin combined, then the likelihood of having appendicitis is 99.2%.