بهروز جعفری

The human body functions as an integrated and coordinated unit, with each part capable of influencing the entire system. Modern science views the body holistically, addressing not only the treatment of symptoms but also the root cause of any disorder, often located far from the apparent site of the issue. This study aims to examine the effect of immediate release and static stretching of the gastrocnemius muscle and plantar fascia within the superficial back line on range of motion and chronic neck pain.

In this randomized clinical trial, 32 subjects with nonspecific chronic neck pain, aged 30-40 years, were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned into two equal groups: a control group (16 participants) and an intervention group (16 participants). The intervention group performed release and stretching exercises using a foam roller and band, respectively, while the control group did not receive any intervention. Neck range of motion in the sagittal plane was measured using a goniometer, and pain levels were assessed using a visual analog scale before and after the protocol. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and ANCOVA at a significance level of 0.05 with SPSS software.

The ANCOVA test revealed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of neck pain (P=0.001) and neck range of motion in the sagittal plane, including neck flexion (P=0.001) and neck extension (P=0.001) among individuals with chronic neck pain. Paired t-test results showed that, in the intervention group, there were significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores for neck pain, neck flexion, and extension range of motion after participating in the stretching and myofascial release exercises on the gastrocnemius muscle and plantar fascia (P=0.001). However, no significant differences were found in the control group between the pre- and post-test stages (P>0.05).

The use of self-release interventions and stretching exercises on the gastrocnemius muscle and plantar fascia appears to increase range of motion and reduce neck pain. These results suggest tension transmission along the superficial back line, which extends from the plantar fascia to the frontal muscles of the skull, meaning intervention at any point in this chain can affect the entire pathway. This method could be beneficial for individuals with acute neck pain or in cases where direct neck intervention is not possible. By targeting other areas along this muscle chain, improvements in neck symptoms may be achieved. Over recent years, this concept has garnered significant research interest, with a proliferation of studies affirming the existence of the posterior superficial back line through laboratory and cadaver research. Clinically, factors such as the tissue's viscoelastic properties, nerve receptors, and changes in the extracellular matrix are proposed to facilitate tension transmission along muscle chains, though the precise mechanism remains a “black box” in fascia tissue research.

Standard functional-movement screening tests can be one of the predictors of musculoskeletal injuries in military forces. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between functional-movement screening test scores and abnormalities and function of the upper limbs of military personnel.

The present study is correlational. The statistical population of this research was all military personnel working in one of the headquarters military centers in 2022. Forty people were selected purposefully after a public call. Checkerboard, New York Test Questionnaire and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) were used to measure upper body stature abnormalities. Then, all subjects performed seven Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test by SPSS 22 software.

The average age of the participants was 30.30±4.47 years, and their body mass index was 23.80±6.12. There was a relatively strong negative relationship between the score obtained from the FMS test and the occurrence of the hump (p=0.001; r=-0.624) and head forward (r=-0.588; p=0.001) posture abnormalities. There was a significant, negative, and moderate correlation between the score obtained from the FMS test and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire (p=0.003; r=-0.358).

In the present study, there was a strong and moderate negative correlation between the total score of the FMS test and some of the upper body posture abnormalities. It seems that the scores of the FMS test are affected by structural-stature complications in the upper body organs. On the other hand, based on the FMS and DASH scores, it can be argued that upper body stature abnormalities make a person more vulnerable to injury.

The aim of this research is to review the available evidence for the effect of myofascial interventions on range of motion and stress transfer in other parts of the body, derived from the theory of biotensegrity, fasciintegrity and myofascial chains.

The current research is an evidence-based systematic review, in which Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) studies published between 2005 and 2022 were searched in the reliable databases of Pub Med, Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct with keywords related to myofascial interventions. The PEDro scale meaning was used for the quality of the selected studies.

The result of the database search was 217 articles, after reading the title and abstract, 10 articles were selected for final review. These studies were conducted on 503 men and women with an age range of 18-40 years. The interventions that were performed on certain parts of the body included stretching, release and contraction, and various methods were used to investigate the transfer of tension in the muscle chains, finally, all articles showed the transfer of tension in the posterior surface chain immediately after the intervention.

All the studies reviewed in this research confirmed the transmission of stress and increased range of motion in the posterior superficial chain. Fascia tissue widely covers the human body and under the influence of things such as age, direction of tissue, exercise, emotions and pathology, they show different reactions and this can challenge the research results.

Despite numerous physical, psychological and social problems in hemodialysis patients, these patients also experience some positive psychological changes, called "posttraumatic growth". Posttraumatic growth is a complex concept associated with many factors, such as the characteristics of individual emotional intelligence. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and posttraumatic growth in hemodialysis patients in Ardabil province. This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on all hemodialysis patients referred to hospitals in Ardabil Province in 2017. The Instruments used was included demographic characteristics form, Short form of Emotional Intelligence and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS version 15. Most of the patients were male (55%), married (88.8%) and illiterate (45%). The mean and standard deviation of posttraumatic growth and emotional intelligence were 69.94±12.78 and 140.88±19.47, respectively. Also, emotional intelligence was associated with posttraumatic growth (r=0.617, p<0.001). The results of the study showed that emotional intelligence had a direct correlation with post-traumatic growth. So, it can be suggested that education and promotion of emotional intelligence in hemodialysis patients can promote the development of post-traumatic growth.

This study investigates the effect of a Schiff base، namely Bis (N-(2-2aminoethylamino) ethanol) -2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde) cobalt (III) chloride on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0. 5 M HCl. Potentiodynamic polarization was applied to study inhibition efficiency. It was found that the percent of inhibition efficiencies (IE%) and surface coverage (θ) increase with an increases in the concentrations of inhibitor. Quantum chemical studies obtained theoretical results of complex and ligand and also shows superiority of complex over the corresponding ligand. FTIR observations of the mild steel surface confirmed the formation of protective film and the synergy effect of ions on the metal surface. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) images are taken and examined in order to support our findings.

This study investigates experimental and theoretical of a Schiff base-cobalt complex, namely Bis (N-(2-2aminoethylamino) ethanol) -2-Hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde) cobalt (III) chloride (CS) on corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl. Potentiodynamic polarization was applied to study inhibition efficiency. Results revealed that CS is a good inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M HCl; showing a maximum efficiency 84% at concentration of 400 ppm. FTIR observations of the mild steel surface applied to confirm the formation of protective film and the synergy effect of ions on the metal surface. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM) images showed significant effect of the inhibitor. Quantum chemical studies show CS is a softer base than corresponding ligand and also it shows superiority of complex over the corresponding ligand.