نشریه طب انتظامی
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 41، زمستان 1402)

The correct transition in postoperative care, from the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) to the general ward or even home discharge, is an essential step in the discharge of surgical patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of psychometrics and localization of the Persian version of the patient evaluation and discharge checklist in the post-anesthesia care unit.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the paramedical faculty of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2022. In this study, the psychometrics and localization of the Persian version of the patient assessment and discharge checklist in the post-anesthesia care unit (SAMPE checklist) were evaluated. The translation tool was implemented using the forward-backward method, and the clinical validation of the tool was done by determining face validity (qualitative) and content validity (content validity index). Also, to check the tool’s reliability, the inter-rater reliability method was performed using the Kappa coefficient. SPSS version 26 software was used for statistical analysis .

The present study was conducted on 80 patients of the post-anesthesia care unit with an average age of 0.45±6.16 years. Patients were selected non-randomly (available samples) from the post-anesthesia care unit. According to the findings in the qualitative face validity review, all the items of the translated tool were apparently related to the purpose of the study. The content validity index was reported as 0.94, and according to the results, all the tool items had high content validity. The reliability of the checklist was measured as 0.31-1 by the Kappa coefficient, which indicated the high level of agreement between the evaluators.

The research findings show the tool’s face validity, content validity, and appropriate reliability. Based on this, the psychometric and localized patient evaluation and discharge checklist in the post-anesthesia care unit (SAMPE checklist) in this research can be used to determine the readiness of patients for discharge from the PACU.

Improving cognitive abilities in athletes may increase their performance and predict success in competitions. Therefore, investigating methods such as Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation that targets brain structures can be important. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in improving cognitive abilities in Martial Athletes.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and control group, conducted on all martial athletes of Ardabil in Iran in 2022. Thirty people were selected from the martial athletes of Ardabil city who were members of Shahid Abbasi sports club using available sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental and control group (15 people in each group). The experimental group received 10 sessions of 20-minute Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), but the control group received no training. Nejati Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (2013) was used in two stages, pre-test and post-test, to collect data. Data analysis was done using multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS 23 software.

Thirty people participated in this research all of whom were men. The average age of the participants in the experimental group was 25.33± 4.53 years, and in the control group was 24.26± 4.97 years. The average scores of the experimental group in the post-test in working memory (F=8.23; p=0.01), selective attention (F=45.73; p=0.00), decision making (F=25.60; p =0.03), planning (F= 38.08; p = 0.00), sustained attention (F= 24.27; p =0.00), social cognition (F= 54.76; p=0.01) and cognitive flexibility (F=11.07; p=60.00) has improved compared to the control group, which difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) unlike the pre-test stage. According to the F values for the post-test and their significance level (P<0.05), it was observed that electrical stimulation of the brain could significantly improve the cognitive abilities of athletes.

According to the results of this study, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation is an effective method for improving the cognitive abilities of martial artists. Therefore, specialists and psychologists, along with other interventions, can use this non-invasive method as a low-cost and accessible method to improve the cognitive abilities of these people.

Cancer pain creates negative thoughts and beliefs in patients, which can affect the level of functioning and pain tolerance in these patients. In recent decades, the use of drugs for pain relief in cancer patients has increased dramatically. The present study investigated the mediating role of pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy in the relationship between the perception of social support and readiness for addiction.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlation study was men and women with cancer in Arak city in 2020-2021. A total of 201 cancer patients referred to Arak hospitals were selected by available sampling method (97 women and 104 men). Perceived Social Support Questionnaire of Zimet et al. (1988), Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire of Nicholas (1980), Chronic Pain Questionnaire of Vowels et al. (2004) and Addiction Readiness Questionnaire by Wade and Butcher (1992) were completed by all the samples. For data analysis, path analysis method was used using SPSS 25 and Amos 24 software.

Two hundred and one patients with an average age of 53.46 ± 10.38 years participated in this research. The results indicated the optimal fit of research model. The results showed that there is a significant negative correlation between the perception of social support, pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy with readiness for addiction (p<0.001) and there is a significant positive correlation between the perception of social support with pain acceptance and pain self-efficacy (p<0.001). In the indirect path, the mediation model of social support perception between pain self-efficacy and pain acceptance with addiction readiness was significant witg the significant level of 0.001 and the standard coefficient (- 0/30).

Strengthening the social support network of individuals, along with developing a sense of self-efficacy and acceptance of uncontrollable aspects, can be considered as preventive treatment goals and plans for patients’ tendency to use drugs for pain relief.

In recent years, the field of identifying and quickly determining the number of narcotics, including morphine, has grown significantly. This research aimed to provide a cheap, simple, and fast method for the quantitative identification of morphine in street samples and biological samples.

This experimental research was conducted in the laboratory of the Narcotics Department of the University of Police Sciences in the spring and summer of 2021. In this study, powder samples and urine samples containing morphine were tested to measure the amount of morphine by scanning the densitometry of TLC plates. Silica thin layer chromatography plates 60G F254 (Merck) and mobile phase including acetonitrile, methanol, and ammonia (1:2:17) for performing TLC tests, chloroform, and -2 propanol with a ratio of 9:1 for extraction, Camag TLC Scanner 3 device with software WinCATS 1.4.2.8121 was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis .

This method showed a distinct and separated band for morphine at RF equal to 16.2 mm. The calibration curve with a correlation coefficient of 0.9887 showed a favorable linear relationship between the area under the peak of morphine and the concentration of spots in the range of 1-6 µg/spot. This method showed an acceptable detection limit, precision, and accuracy for measuring morphine in street and urine samples.

Scanning densitometry thin layer chromatography is a rapid and inexpensive screening method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of morphine in the street and urine samples.

Monitoring the performance of health care systems is a vital requirement for improving the quality of health care services. This review research was conducted on the results of recent studies in the field of organizational excellence in Iranian hospitals that were conducted with the EFQM model.

The current research was conducted in 2022 to review the articles published in Persian and English journals available in SID, Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, Elsevier, ISI, Scopus, IranMedex, Science Direct, Spring, and CIVILICA related to the last 15 years. Articles were searched using the keywords of organizational excellence, performance assessment or evaluation, EFQM, hospital, and health system or their Persian equivalent. Information sources were analyzed based on qualitative analysis and meta-analysis using “Metafor version 3.8-1” and “Meta version 6.1-0” packages in the R programming language .

Fourteen articles studied the category of organizational excellence (qualitative and quantitative) in Iranian hospitals in the review, 13 of which were dedicated to the quantitative evaluation of the components of organizational excellence. In these studies, the empowerment index was reported for 16 hospitals, and the results index for 13 hospitals. The overall estimate of the organizational excellence index for the conducted studies was equal to 533 in the 95% confidence interval (464-602). The organizational excellence index in the studies varied between 367 and 700, and this heterogeneity was statistically significant (Q=37.5, p-value<0.001, I²=62.6%). The total estimation value for enablers and results was obtained as 276 and 246, respectively. Also, the amount of heterogeneity in the report of these indicators was equal to 78% and 59%, respectively, which was statistically significant.

The state of organizational excellence in hospitals indicates the need to review the requirements for establishing clinical governance and accreditation systems, focusing on the dimensions of organizational excellence to improve the quality of healthcare services.

According to the cognitive-behavioral approaches in family-related issues, personality and emotional factors play a significant role in the type of tendency of couples to infidelity. This research was conducted to investigate the mediating role of emotional expressivity in the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and internet infidelity in college students.

This descriptive research is a correlational type based on structural modeling. The statistical population of this research was all 324 married female students in the nursing faculty of Babol University in the academic year of 2021-2022. Two hundred and fifty samples were selected via simple random method. Internet Infidelity Questionnaire (IIQ), HEXACO Personality Traits Questionnaire (HEXACO), and King and Emmons Emotional Expressivity Questionnaire (EEQ) were used to collect data. To analyze the results, the Pearson correlation method and structural equations were used with SPSS 18 and AMOS 23 software .

The findings showed that HEXACO personality traits and emotional expressivity had a direct effect of -0.309 and -0.265 on internet infidelity, respectively. The indirect effect of HEXACO personality traits with the mediating role of emotional expressivity on internet infidelity was equal to -0.46. According to the values obtained from the fit indices, the research model was confirmed and a total of 39% of internet infidelity could be explained by the variables of HEXACO personality traits and emotional expressivity.

Emotional expressivity can be a negative and significant mediator in the relationship between HEXACO personality traits and internet infidelity in college students.

The correct registration and labeling of anesthetic drugs in the operating room are the basic and important principles in order to maintain patient safety, reduce the wastage of drugs and their subsequent costs, and reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing and psychometry of evaluation checklist for the registration and labeling guidelines of anesthetic drugs in the operating room.

This descriptive-analytical research was conducted in 2022 in the Iran University of Medical Sciences. In order to design the checklist, the latest and most reliable scientific sources in the field of anesthesia were examined and the opinions of experts of the university’s Department of Anesthesia were used. To determine the validity of the checklist, face and content validity (content validity index and content validity ratio) were calculated. In order to determine the reliability of the checklist, two methods of test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability were used. The research results were analyzed using SPSS 22 software.

An initial checklist was designed with 19 items. In the face validity check, all the items remained on the checklist with the optimal level of 1.5. In the content validity check, three items with a content validity ratio of less than 0.62 and a content validity index of less than 0.79 were removed from the checklist. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated as 0.992 in reliability by the test-retest method and 0.987 in the inter-rater method, which indicates the good reliability of the checklist.

The research findings show the checklist’s face and content validity and good reliability. Therefore, it can be used to evaluate the level of observance of the guidelines for registering and labeling anesthetic drugs.

Gene editing as a molecular knife has provided a powerful tool to edit the genome inside living organisms’ bodies. Despite all the benefits, this technology has many biosecurity concerns that have prompted the international community to develop specific implementation guidelines. This study aimed to investigate the risks of gene editing technology from the point of view of biosecurity and to determine its defense strategies.

This review was conducted in the fall and winter of 2022-23. The study’s method was based on the observation and interpretation of the data obtained from relevant scientific articles and books. Scientific books and articles were searched by searching the keywords Germline Gene Editing, CRISPR, Biosecurity, CRISPR War, Biohacking, CRISPR babies, Do It Yourself, Islamic Bioethics in PubMed, Scopus, Researchgate databases and also the Google search engine was searched and checked in English .

The advent of genome editing technology has created a new paradigm in which the human genome sequence can be precisely manipulated to achieve a therapeutic effect. However, embryo editing and the design of programmed humans (super-humans) are considered one of the challenges and risks of gene editing biosecurity. Also, this technology is mentioned as a dangerous tool for biohacking and bioterrorism in the design of personalized bioweapons and emerging agents.

CRISPR-based bioweapons have destroyed the logical and strategic balance of power that has kept the world immune from using weapons of mass destruction. The world is facing a potentially more dangerous technology than nuclear weapons. As a result, establishing appropriate international and ethical laws is necessary to prevent the potential dangers of this technology and to deal with it.

Standard functional-movement screening tests can be one of the predictors of musculoskeletal injuries in military forces. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between functional-movement screening test scores and abnormalities and function of the upper limbs of military personnel.

The present study is correlational. The statistical population of this research was all military personnel working in one of the headquarters military centers in 2022. Forty people were selected purposefully after a public call. Checkerboard, New York Test Questionnaire and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) were used to measure upper body stature abnormalities. Then, all subjects performed seven Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test by SPSS 22 software.

The average age of the participants was 30.30±4.47 years, and their body mass index was 23.80±6.12. There was a relatively strong negative relationship between the score obtained from the FMS test and the occurrence of the hump (p=0.001; r=-0.624) and head forward (r=-0.588; p=0.001) posture abnormalities. There was a significant, negative, and moderate correlation between the score obtained from the FMS test and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire (p=0.003; r=-0.358).

In the present study, there was a strong and moderate negative correlation between the total score of the FMS test and some of the upper body posture abnormalities. It seems that the scores of the FMS test are affected by structural-stature complications in the upper body organs. On the other hand, based on the FMS and DASH scores, it can be argued that upper body stature abnormalities make a person more vulnerable to injury.

Addiction to social networks and mental maltreatment are related to suicidal thoughts in adolescents. However, the mediating role of mindfulness in this relationship is unclear. The present study investigated the structural model of suicidal ideation based on addiction to social networks and psychological maltreatment with mindfulness mediation in adolescents.

The present research method is descriptive and correlation type (structural equations). The statistical population of this research consisted of all male students in the second grade of high school studying in public schools in Ardabil City in 2021. From this population, a sample of 170 people was selected using the available sampling method and responded to Beck’s suicidal ideation, Turel’s social network addiction, Brown’s mindfulness and Nash’s psychological maltreatment questionnaires. To analyze the data, structural equation modelling was used using SPSS 25 and smartpls.4 software.

One hundred and seventy subjects with an average age of 15.19±1.29 years participated in this research. The results of the structural equation test showed that the coefficients of the direct path of psychological maltreatment on suicidal ideation (p=0.001; β=0.31) and the coefficients of the path of addiction to social networks on suicidal ideation (p=0.001; β= 0.54) were significant. The Bootstrap significance test showed that mental maltreatment (p=0.003; β=0.26) and addiction to social networks (p=0.005; β=0.11) were significantly mediated by mindfulness.

The results of this study show that in addition to the direct effect of addiction to social networks and psychological maltreatment on suicidal ideation, mindfulness also acts as a mediating variable on the indirect effects of addiction to social networks and psychological maltreatment on suicidal ideation.

Abuse of substances leads to much damage in different fields. Therefore, necessary measures should be taken to prevent infection, withdrawal and prevent return. The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with cognitive rehabilitation in reducing cravings and improving inhibitory control in adolescents dependent on tramadol.

This research is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and followup with a control group. The statistical population of this research was all boys and girls (14 to 18 years old) dependent on tramadol in Shahrekord in Iran in 2022. 30 people (12 girls and 18 boys) were selected by the available sampling method and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups with 15 people. The research tool included Franken et al.’s Desires for Drug Questionnaire and Hoffman’s Go/ No Go Test. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation treatment combined with cognitive rehabilitation in 10 sessions and each session for 20 minutes was performed on the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done using descriptive methods and multivariate covariance analysis (MANCOVA) in SPSS 21 software.

The average age of the subjects studied in the present study was 16.70±1.35 years. Data analysis showed that transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with cognitive rehabilitation in the experimental group could explain 65% of the variance of dependent variables in the post-test phase and 61% of this variance in the follow-up phase. Also, according to the F values for the craving post-test (39.396), inhibitory control post-test (15.677), craving follow-up (24.404) and inhibitory control follow-up (13.840) and their significance level which is less than 0.05, it was observed that transcranial Direct Current Stimulation combined with cognitive rehabilitation was effective in reducing cravings and improving inhibitory control in the post-test and follow-up phase.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation treatment combined with cognitive rehabilitation is effective in reducing cravings and improving inhibitory control in adolescents addicted to tramadol and can be used by relevant experts as an effective treatment in this field.

Risk-taking is a behavior that endangers a person’s health and provides the basis for a person to suffer from physical and psychological diseases. Substance dependence disorder includes cognitive, behavioral, and psychological symptoms along with a pattern of repetition and withdrawal tolerance consequences. The aim of the current research was the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation and phototherapy on the risk-taking of people with substance dependence disorder.

The current study is an experiment with a pre-test, post-test, and control group design with a 2-month follow-up level. The statistical population of this research was all the clients of opioid drug abuse treatment clinics of Nikteb, Golrizan, and Hami in Tehran in 2020. In the first level, using the available sampling method, according to α=0.05, the effect size of 85%, and three equal groups, using Gpower software, 63 people were determined. These people were selected among those who had received a score higher than the cut-off line in the risk test and then were replaced by a simple random method in 2 experimental groups (21 people in the cognitive rehabilitation group and 21 people in the phototherapy group) and a control group (21 people). The first experimental group received 12 cognitive rehabilitation sessions and the second experimental group received 12 phototherapy sessions, but the people in the control group did not receive any intervention and remained on the waiting list.

The average age of the cognitive rehabilitation group was 34.19±8.27, the phototherapy group was 32.76±7.68, and the control group was 33.33±7.73. The results of the mixed variance analysis test showed that both interventions in the post-test and follow-up level had a significant effect on reducing risk-taking compared to the control group (p<0.05). In addition, the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed that phototherapy was more effective in reducing risk-taking (p<0.05).

Cognitive rehabilitation and phototherapy can be used as treatment methods to reduce the problems caused by the riskiness of clients of drug addiction clinics.

Paying attention to factors affecting mental health in military forces can control mental disorders, maintain the health of employees, and increase their efficiency. This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of physical activity on reactivity to perceived stress and mental toughness of male police officers.

The research method is descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population of this research was formed by all the male employees of police in Yazd City in Iran in 2022, of which 174 people participated in the research as available. The research data collection tool was Sharkey’s Physical Activity Questionnaire (1997), Scholtz et al.’s Stress Reactivity Questionnaire (2011), and Clough’s Mental Toughness Questionnaire (2002). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and linear regression using SPSS 25 software.

174 male participants with an average age of 35.87±8.37 years and experience of 14.24±7.57 years participated in the research. The mean scores of physical activity variables were 13.17±4.55, reactivity to stress was 22.05±7.63, and mental toughness was 155.12±19.70. The results of Pearson’s correlation test showed that there was a significant relationship between physical activity and reactivity to stress (p< 0.01; r=- 0.343) and between physical activity and mental toughness (p< 0.01; r= 0.336). Also, the results of the linear regression test showed that physical activity scores could significantly predict variables of reactivity to stress (12%) and mental toughness (11%) in male police officers (p<0.01).

Based on the results, the physical activity level of police male employees can predict their reactivity to stress and their mental toughness.

Bone age assessment is often performed to assess growth and to diagnose many endocrine disorders. Bone age represents a common index to define skeletal maturity. X-ray of the hand is the most common way to assess bone age. The current research was conducted to evaluate and estimate bone age using content-based image recovery.

This observational study was conducted in 2023 on the collection of “Atlas of digital images of the hand” including 1389 x-ray images of the bones of the hand. The images of this collection include four races of Asian, Black, Caucasian, and Spanish, and the samples were selected from both male and female genders. The number of samples for each person under 10 years old was five samples and for people over 10 years old was 10 image samples. The age of each bone image sample was pre-determined by two professional radiologists. In this method, bone age assessment was done with the help of an image retrieval system and using a deep neural network. To reduce the search time, reducing the dimensions of the feature vector was done with the help of principal components analysis. The results of the proposed approach were quantitatively calculated by calculating the weighted average of the absolute error. The implementation and statistical analysis of the proposed method were also done with MATLAB version 2022a software.

The data set used included bone X-ray images of people aged 1 to 18 years. Bone age assessment was done by recovering similar samples and calculating the weighted average of the absolute error. The evaluation results showed an error rate of 0.29 years equivalent to 3.5 months for the samples evaluated in the dataset.

Based on this research, bone age assessment with the help of image recovery is an effective method for estimating bone age. Therefore, experts in this field can use this method to verify and detect the age of people without identity documents and other related matters.

Asprosin is an adipokine with gluconeogenic and metabotropic effects, which is related to type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to determine the effect of six weeks of high-intensity CrossFit training (HICFT) on serum asprosin in men with type 2 diabetes.

 In the current semi-experimental research that was conducted in the summer of 2022 on patients who are members of the Dezful Diabetes Association, 30 obese men with type 2 diabetes living in Dezful city in Iran were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 15 HICFT and control. People in the training group did six weeks of HICFT training with an intensity of 80-85% of the reserve heart rate in three training sessions per week. Blood and anthropometric variables were examined 48 hours before and after the intervention in a fasting state. For statistical analysis, dependent t-tests and analysis of covariance were used in SPSS 26 software.

In this study, 22 people (10 people in the HICFT group with an average age of 43.80±3.08 years and 12 people with an average age of 44.58±3.09 years in the control group) remained in the study. The average history of diabetes was 3.24±0.45 years in the experimental group and 3.23±0.42 years in the control group. The results showed that a significant decrease in serum asprosin (1.65 ng/ml), body fat (2.45%), and insulin resistance (0.94 units) was observed in the HICFT group compared to the control (p<0.001).).

According to the results, it can be said that HICFT has a positive role in reducing insulin resistance and blood sugar control in type 2 diabetes by improving body composition and reducing asprosin secretion. It seems that adjustment of fasting asprosin to body fat percentage is one of the effective mechanisms to reduce insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes in adaptation to high-intensity exercises.

Today, cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death. This study was conducted to compare the effect of resistance and endurance training on predictors of cardiovascular diseases and arteriosclerosis in aged male rats.

The present study is an experimental and fundamental research with a control group conducted in 2021 in the basic science laboratory of Shahrekord University in Iran. Fifty elderly male Wistar rats with an average weight of 432.7±4.4 grams and an age of 23±2 months were randomly divided into five groups. The control group was divided into two resistance training groups (climbing a special ladder) and two continuous training groups (running on a treadmill), and they did the training protocols for eight weeks and five sessions every week. Data analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test with SPSS 22 software at p≤0.05 level.

The results of the present study showed that the level of HDL increased significantly in all four training groups compared to the control group (p≤0.05). LDL level and LDL/HDL ratio decreased significantly in all four training groups compared to the control group (p≤0.05). The level of TC decreased significantly only in the high-intensity resistance training group (p≤0.05). Even though both training methods led to changes in the levels of TG, VLDL, ApoA1, ApoB, and ApoB/ ApoA1 ratio, these changes were not statistically significant (p>0.05). The difference between the two training methods was insignificant (p>0.05).

Both training methods caused positive changes in HDL, LDL factors, and LDL/ HDL ratio. Performing both training methods is recommended for older adults and people at risk, especially the military, although endurance training has more effect and fewer risks.

Employees of Traffic Police Headquarters suffer from musculoskeletal pain due to inactivity, sitting for a long time, and being sent to exhausting missions outside the province to solve the country’s traffic problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of focal points of pain in the employees of traffic police headquarters.

This descriptive-analytical research was conducted in 2022 at traffic police headquarters with an available statistical population of 200 employees. After a face-to-face interview and examination of pain points using a Nordic questionnaire and a body map under the supervision of a relevant specialist at the health center of traffic police headquarters, the desired data were collected. The data were analyzed by applying Pearson’s chi-square statistical test at a significance level of p<0.05, and SPSS 16 software was used to analyze the desired data.

In this research, 160 staff members with an average age of 39.00±3.31 years, average weight of 84.98±4.87 kg, and average height of 174.98±2.98 cm and 40 staff members with an average age of 39.00±3.60 years, average weight 89.98±2.51 kg and average height 172.86±3.71 cm were studied. The results in all the studied samples were as follows: the most reports of pain were in the back (58.00%), neck (44.50%), back (39.00%), and right knee (37.50%), respectively. Moreover, the left knee (37.50%) and the least reported pain were in the left ankle (9.00%), right ankle (13.50%) and left wrist (20.00%), respectively. The chi-square test results showed a significant difference in pain in the shoulder, wrist, thigh, knee, leg, and ankle on the right side of the body between the official and official operational groups (p<0.05). However, this difference in the left wrist, neck, back, and waist points was not statistically significant (p<0.05).

According to the job differences between official and official-operational staff, the focal points of pain in these two groups differ. Pain in the knee, shoulder, ankle, leg, and thigh joints is more prevalent in the official operational staff group than in the official group. On the other hand, pain in the wrist and forearm joints is more common in the official group than in the official operational group, but the prevalence of pain in the back, neck, and back is almost the same in both groups.

Asprosin and leptin are two adipokines related to appetite and metabolic disorders. The present study aimed to determine the effect of ten weeks of moderate-intensity continuous training on body mass index and serum levels of leptin, asprosin, insulin, and fasting blood sugar in sedentary obese women.

In the current semi-experimental research that was conducted on obese women in 2023 in Tehran, Iran, 24 sedentary obese women were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of 12, including training and control groups. In the training group, sports intervention was performed for ten weeks and three sessions per week, and during the research, the control group did not receive sports intervention. To evaluate the investigated variables on two occasions, 24 hours before the start of training interventions and 72 hours after the last training session, fasting blood was taken. For statistical analysis, dependent t-tests and covariance analysis were used. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 26 software and significance level (p<0.05).

The average age and body mass index in the training group were 41.33±2.74 years and 32.46±2.53 kg/m2, and in the control group, was 41.0±3.19 years and 32.21±3.48 kg/m2, respectively. After the intervention period, a significant decrease in body mass index (0.951 kg/m2), asprosin (0.116 ng/ml), leptin (2.816 ng/ml), and insulin (14.34 units/l) was observed in the training group compared to the control group (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in FBS (p>0.05).

According to the results, moderate-intensity continuous training with asprosin and fasting leptin modulation has positive effects on the metabolic status of sedentary obese women.

The nature of military activity requires that a military person always have cardio-respiratory fitness and sufficient strength. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of circular resistance and intense functional training on the physical performance of military forces.

 In this semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, among all the male military forces of an operational military center in Ahvaz, Iran 45 people were selected as available and were randomly assigned to three groups: intense functional training, circuit resistance training, and the control group. In the pre-test level, measurements of height, weight, maximum oxygen consumption, and anaerobic power were performed and then the training level began. The training protocol consisted of eight weeks and three training sessions each week. Finally, 24 hours after the end of the training phase, at the post-test level, the desired measurements were performed again. Data were analyzed by dependent t, covariance, and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS 19 software.

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in the variables of age, height, and weight, and the groups were homogeneous in these three variables. Intense functional training and circular resistance training had a significant effect on increasing aerobic power (p<0.05) and increasing anaerobic power (p<0.05). The results indicated a significant improvement in aerobic and anaerobic power indices due to HIFT training compared to circular resistance training (p<0.05).

The results of the present study showed that both types of HIFT and circular resistance training increase aerobic capacity, improve anaerobic capacity, and improve the endurance of military forces. In general, the results of the present study emphasize the importance of HIFT training compared to circular resistance training on the physical performance of military forces.

Paying attention to physical activity and regular exercise in the military forces can control physical and mental disorders and thus maintain the health of personnel and increase efficiency. The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Pilates exercises on self-efficacy and psychological well-being of armed forces personnel suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.

 The research was semi-experimental in a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. Based on the objective, 40 armed forces personnel suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder were selected purposefully and available in 2021 and were randomly divided into two groups of Pilates interventions and control (20 people in each group). The experimental group performed Pilates exercises for eight weeks (3 one-hour sessions per week), while the control group received no intervention. Sherer's (1982) standard self-efficacy and Ryff's (1989) psychological well-being questionnaires were used in both pre-and post-tests. The findings were analyzed through dependent and covariance t-tests. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 25 software, and a significance level 0.05 was considered.

In this research, 20 people in the experimental group with an average age of 45.11±5.37 and a history of suffering from 26.0±5.3 disorders, and 20 people in the control group with an average age of 43.32±5.09 and a history of suffering from disorder 23.0±9.2 were participated. The results of the research showed that eight weeks of Pilates exercises significantly improved the scores of both self-efficacy (p=0.02) and psychological well-being (p=0.01) in the experimental group of armed forces personnel suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder.

According to the results obtained regarding the effect of Pilates exercises on psychological well-being variables and self-efficacy, these exercises are suggested as a cost-effective, accessible, and practical program to improve the psychological factors of male personnel of the armed forces.

The basis of family-centered care is the participation of patients and their families in health decisions. Despite the advantages of family involvement in intensive care, this method is associated with many obstacles. Therefore, the present study aimed to explain the obstacles and suggested solutions for family participation in the ICU.

This qualitative study of contract content analysis was conducted in Tehran in 1402. The tools for collecting experiences were open questions and semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to identify the participants. The selection of samples was done by observing the principle of maximum diversity to achieve a diverse range of experiences. Sampling continued until information saturation, with no formation of classes and subclasses and new information. Qualitative data analysis was performed using the four stages of content analysis of Elo and Kyngäs (2008). Lincoln and Guba's four acceptability criteria were used to strengthen the results.

In this study, 15 participants, including four family members of patients, four nurses, and seven managers of the studied hospital with an average age of 49.53±12.09 years and an average years of service of 16.73±10.22 years participated. The results consisted of four classes: barriers related to the family, barriers related to the treatment team, barriers related to the physical structure of the department, and organizational barriers; 13 subclasses and 21 codes were formed.

Using solutions such as holding training workshops on communication skills with patients and families, anger control methods, and allocating funds to create favorable changes in the physical space of the ICU and providing nurses can help effectively implement this approach

Training and improving the surgical team's awareness of radiation protection is necessary to prevent severe and irreparable damage. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compile and psychometrically evaluate (content and face validity) the educational booklet on the principles of radiation protection to promote the knowledge and culture of radiation safety of the operating room staff and prevent injuries.

 The current research is a methodology carried out in Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2022-2023 in three stages: first, the content of the educational booklet was selected based on the needs of the target audience, and the related articles and sources were reviewed. Then, the initial draft of the educational manual was designed and prepared. After that, expert judges in related fields as well as anesthesia and operating room technologists evaluated the formal and content validity of the manual. The content validity index at the item level (I-CVI) and the content validity index at the scale level (S-CVI) equal to or greater than 0.78 and 0.9, respectively, were considered as criteria for validity of the booklet. The binomial test was used to check the reliability of the content validity index of the items so that the significance level was 0.05 and the expected agreement ratio was 0.8. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 software.

In this research, 22 experts in related fields and 22 anesthesia and operating room technologists with an average work experience of 13.8±4.3 years and 15.6±6.3 years participated, respectively. After sending and receiving the draft version of the booklet along with its evaluation scale, the specialists and experts participating in the study were given the minimum values of I-CVI and S-CVI values for the desired scale items to check the face validity and content of the booklet. According to experts, it was equal to 0.9 and 0.97, respectively. The minimum observed agreement ratio of the binomial test was 0.9, which was more than the expected agreement ratio (0.8). The values of I-CVI, S-CVI, and agreement ratio between anesthesia and operating room technologists were all equal to 1.

The present educational booklet has an acceptable form and content validity based on the research findings. Therefore, it can be used as a simple tool to promote radiation safety culture and prevent radiation damage in operating rooms.

The main goal of the nursing profession is to ensure the recovery and health of the people under care. In recent years, the concept of social responsibility in organizations has been raised as a sensitive issue that needs attention in management. This research aimed to explain the nurses' lived experience of social responsibility in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Covid-19.

This research is a qualitative and descriptive phenomenological approach that was conducted in 2022 among nurses working in the ICU for COVID-19 in hospitals affiliated with Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. Semi-structured interviews continued until reaching saturation. All interviews were written on paper and reviewed repeatedly. Twenty-two Covid-19 intensive care unit nurses were interviewed for 30 to 70 minutes. Qualitative data were then obtained from in-depth and semi-structured interviews with the participants. The texts were re-read, the codes related to the questions were extracted, and the corresponding primary code was obtained. Open coding was done after conducting the interviews and sorting them into the next step. During this process, the critical sentences related to the desired phenomenon extracted from the interviews were coded, and the initial code was obtained. Standard codes were then grouped to create subthemes and main themes. The data of this qualitative study were analyzed using the thematic analysis method.

Of the 22 participants, 19 were women, and three were men. The average age of the respondents was between 35 and 45 years old, and in terms of work experience, most of them had more than ten years of experience. Regarding university education, 16 people had a bachelor's degree, and six had a master's degree. In this research, 6 main themes of social structure, governing and legal principles, contextual factors, value and ethics, empathy, Cultural and environmental space of the organization, and 37 sub-themes were obtained for the theme of social responsibility.

The primary and secondary themes obtained in this research are all the reasons for the formation and payment of nurses in the ICU of COVID-19 patients with the concept of social responsibility. These themes have three positive personal, social, and organizational consequences. By increasing and improving the quality and quantity of these factors, social responsibility among nurses can be developed as the most important capital of the hospital, which will increase productivity.

Body image is a multifaceted construct that shows a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior toward their body shape, appearance, and attractiveness. The purpose of this research was to investigate the body image and its subscales in the employees of one of the ranks of the police who had regular and irregular sports activities.

The current research is cross-sectional and comparative of two groups. In 2022, 172 male employees of one of the ranks of the police of Tehran City participated in this research using the available sampling method. These people were divided into two groups with regular exercise (94 people) and irregular exercise (78 people) based on the Baecke physical activity questionnaire. To evaluate body image, Marsh's body self-description questionnaire was used. The difference between the groups was analyzed using an independent t-test using SPSS 21 software at a significance level of p= 0.05.

The samples were 172 people with an average age of 35.2±6.5 years. The overall body image index, health subscale, physical activity subscale, sports fitness subscale, strength subscale, endurance subscale, and self-esteem subscale had significant differences in the two groups (p<0.05). The comparison results of the coordination subscale (p=0.26), fat scale (p=0.10), appearance scale (p=0.16), and physical flexibility scale (p=0.10) in the two groups show no significant difference.

It seems that participating in regular physical activities increases the level of physical abilities and physical fitness of a person, which changes the type of assessment and estimation of one's capabilities and ultimately improves it.

The purpose of this study was to fitness of causal-structural relationships of quality of work life and self- control with job burnout by mediating self-compassion and emotional regulation strategies in Faraja Corona nurses.

The current research project is applied and descriptive-correlative in nature and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research was all the nurses working in the infectious disease (Covid-19) department of two military hospitals in Tehran in the winter of 1400. 300 nurses working in the Covid-19 wards were selected from the above statistical population based on available sampling. To measure the variables, burnout inventory of Maslach and et al (1986), quality of work life questionnaire of Walton and et al (1973), self-control scale of Tangney and et al (2004), short form of the self-compassion scale of Raes and et al (2011), cognitive emotion rregulation questionnaire of Garnefski and Kraaij (2007) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS-24 and AMOS software was investigated.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between personality types and adaptive cognitive emotional regulation with job burnout (P <0.01). Also, based on the results of the structural model, the direct paths of this research were significant, and the indirect paths of the quality of work life and self-control through the mediating role of self-compassion and adjustment strategies on job burnout were significant and had a good fit (RMSEA=0/016, P-value<0/05).

Based on the results, each of the components has a direct effect on job burnout, and the quality of work life and self-control components have an indirect effect on nurses' job burnout through the mediation of emotion regulation strategies and self-compassion. Increasing the skill of emotion regulation strategies and self-compassion and knowing the factors affecting self- compassion in nurses is an important step in reducing job burnout and improving the quality of work life and productivity in nurses

Prevalence of posture and skeletal-muscular disorder will result in consequences such as reduction of power and quality of work, increase in treatment costs, and premature disability. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of postural disorders and their relationship with focal points of pain in traffic police employees.

 This research is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in 2022 at the traffic police station. 200 available samples were selected according to the entry criteria. The data were collected using a body analysis device, a metal goniometer, a deviation measuring device, a checkerboard with a vertical line, and a standard Nordic questionnaire, and then analyzed by applying the chi-square statistical test at a significance level of p < 0.05 using SPSS 16 software.

In this research, which was conducted with the presence of 200 male employees of traffic Police with an average age of 39.00 ± 3.31 years, an average weight of 84.98 ± 4.27 kg, and an average height of 174.98 ± 2.31 cm, it was determined that the highest prevalence of posture disorders. In order, the bent knee (49.5%), hyperlordosis (49%), torticollis (47.5%), forward head (44%), kyphosis (42.5%) and uneven shoulder (42.5%), and the lowest prevalence of the described disorders was Genu recurvatum (3.5%), Genu valgum (4.5%) and Genu varum (5%). There was a significant relationship between bent knee syndrome and pain in the knee of the right leg (p<0.05) and left leg (p<001), but between pain in the neck, back, and torticollis, head forward, kyphosis, uneven shoulder, and lordosis were no significant.

The highest prevalence of posture disorders among traffic police officers is bent knee and lordosis, respectively. There is no connection between pain in the neck, back, torticollis, forward head, scoliosis, uneven shoulders, and hyperlordosis, but bent knee and pain in the knee are related.