بهروز حمزه

The increasing incidence of chronic kidney disease around the world highlights the need for more attention and appropriate actions to enhance therapeutic outcomes and improve patients’ quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a program to promote medication adherence among hemodialysis patients using the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model.

The present study was a quasi-experimental interventional study conducted on 140 chronic kidney patients referred to the Dialysis ward of Imam Reza Hospital (Kermanshah, Iran) divided into two groups of 70 patients as intervention and control during 2021. The program was developed by conducting a needs assessment based on the COM-B model and evaluating it in two stages, before and three months after the implementation. Data were collected by a questionnaire based on the COM-B model and analyzed using the SPSS software (version 16).

After the implementation of the program, the components of capability and medication adherence behavior had a significantly higher average rank in the intervention group. The effect sizes of the intervention components, including capability, opportunity, motivation, and medication adherence behavior, were calculated to be 0.69, 0.19, 0.23, and 0.43, respectively.

Considering the effect sizes of each component, especially behavior, it seems that the developed program based on the COM-B model has enough efficiency and that the employed model is effective for developing programs to promote medication adherence.

Adherence to the regular medication has an important role in controlling and treatment of AIDS. The aim of the present research was to develop, implement, and evaluation of an interventional program to promote medication adherence among AIDS patients referred to Behavioral Diseases Counseling Centers in Kermanshah by using the I-Change model.

The present research was a quasi-experimental interventional efficacy study among a total of 150 AIDS patients in Kermanshah, 2021 who were randomly selected and assigned to intervention and control (each, n = 75) groups. The intervention development was based on the I-Change model needs assessment and intervention mapping approach, the collected data was evaluated before and three months after the implementation intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS-16.

The mean age of patients was 39.11 [SD: 6.07], ranging from 22 -51 years. After implementing the intervention in the intervention group, the mean score of regular medication adherence behaviors (P <0.001, d= 0.48) and knowledge (P = 0.028, d= 0.31) was significantly higher and the perceived barrier (P = 0.020, d= 0.35) was lower than in the control group.

I-Change model can be used as a basis for the development of interventional programs to improve medication adherence among AIDS patients.

Serological studies are based on the detection of antibodies. However, the produced antibodies decrease over time; therefore, such methods cannot provide a valid estimate of prevalence and incidence. The present study aimed to determine the serum prevalence and cumulative incidence in the Ravansar cohort population (Youth and RaNCD Cohort) in October 2020.

A random sample of 716 people aged > 18 years old were selected from the participants in the Ravansar cohort study in October 2020. Euroimmun anti-SARS COV-2 IgG ELISA kits (Lübeck, Germany) were used to measure antibody levels. Seroprevalence was estimated with considering of cut-off = 1, and cumulative incidence (modified and modified based on test specificity) was determined using modeling.

In the present study, the serum prevalence of COVID-19 viral infection in the Ravansar cohort population from 22 October 2020 to 18 November 2020 was estimated to be %35.16 (95%CI: %31.64, %38.79). Modified Cumulative incidence and modified based on test characteristics from 20 February to 18 November 2020 were estimated to be %68.85 and %67.71, respectively. 

Although very high cumulative incidence may be a sign of approaching herd immunity, adherence to health protocols is still recommended due to the potential role of asymptomatic cases in transmitting the disease to other members of the community; and the presence of new variants of the virus and reduced antibody levels should be considered.

The prevalence of hookah is increasing worldwide and in all age groups, especially among women. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effect of web-based educational program in the prevention of hookah smoking among girls in Kermanshah, Iran, using theory of planned behavior (TPB).

This study was a randomized controlled trial performed on 110 adolescent girls in Kermanshah City in 2020. Multistage random sampling was used in this study. The data collection tool included a researchermade questionnaire. Designed intervention was implemented for the intervention group in 5 educational sessions according to analysis of pre-test results. Data were collected 3 months after the end of the training intervention. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software.

The presented interventions significantly improved the structures of attitude (P < 0.001), subjective norms (P < 0.001), and intention (P < 0.001) in the intervention group compared with the control group. However, the difference between perceived behavioral control score in the two groups was not significant (P = 0.131). There was also a significant difference in reducing the behavior of hookah smoking between the intervention and control groups after the educational intervention.

Using web-based interventions is a good educational strategy for prevention of hookah smoking in adolescent girls.

Smoking is an important individual risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), which in combination with other risk factors may also increase the risk of cardiovascular conditions. In this study, the effect of CVD risk factors has been investigated on different levels of smoking.

This cross-sectional analysis was performed using the baseline data of Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort study. The study included 10063 persons in the age range of 35–65 years.  The smoking status was categorized as current, former, and never smokers. It was also classified into three levels of light, medium and strong based on the amount of tobacco consumption. Data were analyzed using logistic regression.

The mean age of participants was 48.10± 8.25 years and nearly 4773 (47.43%) of them were male. The odds ratio of CVDs were 3.14 (95% CI = 1.28-2.67), 1.47 (95% CI = 0.85-2.55), and 1.25 (95% CI = 0.56-5.77) times higher in smoker with hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, respectively. Hypertension (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.18-1.00) and hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.17-1.90) increased the CVD risk in former smokers. High physical activity in never smokers (OR = 0.73) and former smoker (OR = 0.53) was a significant CVD protective factor.

Smoking either individually or in combination with other risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, poor physical activity, and old age increases the risk of developing CVD.

Rhinoplasty can be called the most commonly used cosmetic surgery in Iran, which is increasing. Studies have shown that mental health and self-esteem are among the factors that can affect people&#039;s tendency to rhinoplasty. People&#039;s perceptions of their appearance can also affect mental health, self-esteem and tendency to rhinoplasty. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between meta-cognitive assessment of body shape with mental health and self-esteem of applicant women for rhinoplasty who referred to Kermanshah cosmetic surgery centers in 2017-2018. The present study is a descriptive-analytical-cross-sectional study that was carried out in Kermanshah cosmetic Surgery Centers in 2017-2018, including a private clinic and Taleghani State Hospital on a sample of 150 applicant women for rhinoplasty. Data were collected through questionnaires of meta-cognitive assessment of body deformity (BDMCQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire (SES), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Then, the findings were analyzed using SPSS16 software, descriptive and inferential statistics and Pearson correlation and Linear regression. This study was performed 0n 150 women with an average age 24.04 ± 4.24. In terms of marital status, 80% of subjects were single. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between mental health (P &lt; 0.001, r = 0.52), depression (P &lt; 0.001r = 0.48), anxiety (P &lt; 0.001, r = 0.47), social function (P &lt; 0.001, r = 0.32), physical symptoms (P &lt; 0.001, r = 0.41) and meta-cognitive assessment of body deformity. And self-esteem had a negative correlation with meta-cognitive assessment of body shape (r = -0.39, P &lt; 0.001). Also, analysis of the data showed that there was a significant positive correlation between mental health sub-scales (physical symptoms, anxiety, social function, depression) and sub meta-cognitive assessment of body deformity (metacognitive control strategies, thought-action coalitions, positive And negative meta-cognitive beliefs and safety behaviors) (P &lt; 0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and sub-scale meta-cognitive assessment of body malformation syndrome questionnaire (P &gt; 0.001). Also Self-esteem and mental health explained 30% of the meta-cognitive assessment of body deformity
(R2adj = 0.30). According to the results of this study, increase of self-esteem and mental health lead to a better meta-cognitive assessment of the body shape, which can be helpful in reducing the cosmetic surgeries. On the other hand, improving the assessment of body can improve mental health and self-esteem, which these factors are the causes of people tendency to the cosmetic surgery.

In recent years, dust has been the major problem in Kermanshah climate. The dust causes undesirable environmental consequences such as human health, economic, and climate change effects. This study investigated the relationship between the dust concentrations and the increased number of patients with respiratory and heart problems admitted to hospitals in Kermanshah city in 2011.

The study was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical one which was carried out in 2011. The dust concentrations were automatically measured in three stations based on beta-ray absorption. Cardiopulmonary patients with international codes J06-J70 and I10-I25, related to air pollution were collected from four hospitals in Kermanshah city. Data were analyzed employing Excel and SPSS softwares and tests of Kruskal-Wallis Linear and nonlinear regressions.

The results indicated that higher and lower concentrations for PM10 occurred in spring and autumn, respectively. The highest 24-hour average PM10 concentration was in March (1953g/m3). The maximum rates of hospital admissions for respiratory problems were in spring and the minimum rates were in winter. The maximum rates of hospital admission by patients with heart problems were in summer and the minimum rates were in autumn. The number of male was higher than female patients. The relationship between the rate of heart and respiratory patients admitted in hospitals and the concentration of dust was significant) PV <0/001(.

Results showed that the dust storm pollution of Kermanshah may be caused more people to be admitted in hospitals, and increased the risk of cardiopulmonary diseases. Therefore, preparatory steps, outfit and equipping hospital and health systems seem to be very necessary to decrease the dust effects.

Maternal obesity has been associated with pregnancy outcome. Dietary pattern and food consumption may play an important role in overweight and obese individuals. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between dietary habits and obesity in women at reproductive aged in Kermanshah. In this research study, 154 overweight and obese women (BMI>25 kg/m2) were recruited using convenient sampling method. FFQ and dietary habit questionnaires were used for dietary data collection. Body composition was assessed using bioelectric impedance (Plusavis 333) and data was analysed by SPSS16. The mean age, weight and BMI were 37.8+7.4 years, 76.8+9.9 kg and 31.6+3.7 kg/m2, respectively. In addition, 27% of participants had WHR and percentage of body fat (PBF) more than maximum cut-offs for women (0.85 and 40%, respectively). The results showed that 76.6% of subjects had non-healthy eating dietary habits. There was significant relationship between the amount of food consumption and BMI and PBF (p<0.05). Our findings suggest that changing food consumption patterns, coupled with decreasing physical activity, directly contribute to overweight and obesity. Nutrition awareness and education campaigns, combined with exercise, seem to be most promising to combat the obesity pandemic in developing countries.