بهریه شاهی

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Citrus Lemon essential oil on in vitro nutrient digestibility and rumen microbial fermentation in male Holstein calves. four fistulated male Holstein calves (average body weight 650± 20 kg) were allocated to five experimental diets including basic diet without additive (control), control + 300 mg Monensin, control + 600, 800 and 1000 mg lemon essential/d for five periods of 17 days and in a change-over complete randomized block design. Inclusion of 800 mg lemon essential/d decreased digestibility of dry and organic matter, but the other treatments did not have a significant effect. Inclusion of 600 and 800 mg/d of Citrus Lemon essential oil significantly decreased rumen N-NH3 concentration and the diet containing of 1000 mg/d decreased acetate to propionate ratio in rumen. The treatments had no significant effects on protozoa count and rumen pH. Generally, the results of this study showed that diets containing citrus lemon essential oil showed better performance in comparison to Monensin based diets. More investigations should be done to evaluate the effects of lemon essential oil on performance of ruminants.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different levels of Citrus Limon essential oil on nutrient digestibility, blood and ruminal metabolites in male Holstein calves. This study were conducted using four male Holstein calves, each fitted with a permanent rumen cannula (average body weight 650±20 kg) that received experimental diets including control with 600, 800 and 1000 mg/d lemon essential oil and control with monensin 300 mg/d in a change-over complete randomized block design with five periods of 17 days. Apparent digestibility of OM in ration including of 1000 mg per day of Citrus Limon was highther than the others treatments (P<0.05). Experimental treatments had not affected on DM, CP, EE, NDF and ADF digestibility. The effect of treatments were not significant on glucose, HDL, albumin, total protein, cratinin, and triglyceride and urea concentration, but cholesterol values and BHB concentration in serum of control treatment were more than the other treatments (P<0.05). The concentration of propionate in rumen of animals received 1000 mg Citrus Limon essential oil, was more than control of treatment, but their concentration of butyrate was low than control treatment (P<0.05). In conclusion, results showed that utilization of 1000 mg per day dose of Citrus Limon essential oil in diet could improve the OM digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics and blood BHB concentration of male Holstein calves.