بهنام رستگاری

Blockchain is an emerging technology in the field of secure computing. It has the potential to revolutionize the digital world by leveraging its "distributed consensus" feature to conduct both new and existing online activities in a manner that ensures digital data remains identifiable and trustworthy in the future. This process occurs without compromising the privacy and security of the involved assets. Given the ongoing advancements and daily developments in blockchain technology, many organizations strive to enhance their services by integrating with this technology. The judiciary is among these organizations seeking to improve its performance through the adoption of blockchain technology. Therefore, in this research, with the aim of demonstrating the use of blockchain technology in providing judicial services, we will examine the harms of delaying proceedings in the process of providing judicial services to clients, and examine the challenges facing the use of blockchain technology in providing electronic judicial services so that we can Find solutions to implement the use of blockchain technology in the provision of judicial services in order to reduce the delay of proceedings. The findings of the research indicate that delaying the proceedings will damage the public rights of individuals and cause a decrease in trust in the judicial system and public dissatisfaction, congestion of cases in the judicial system, a decrease in security and justice at the country level, and a decrease in the authority of the judiciary, which using technology Due to features such as decentralization, transparency, immutability and automatic guidance, blockchain brings the provision of judicial services into a new phase of production, transfer, storage and processing of information, which speeds up proceedings and consequently reduces the delay of proceedings.

Examining the laws related to acquired property, including the rules related to the organization, confiscation and confiscation of property, ownership, management and the way of exploitation of this property is of particular importance, without a doubt, one of the fairest principles of the Islamic Republic of Iran is Article 49, which is based on that government is obliged to return the property resulting from certain crimes, one of the most important of which is contraband and any other illegal acts, to the people and its real owners, and if they are unknown, give them to Baitulmal, in which case The government can use these properties to achieve its economic goals, such as developing industries, creating jobs, distributing resources, and improving the country's economic conditions. Compliance and efficiency of government laws and regulations with economic programs in any country is considered a development factor, and appropriate, impartial and anti-corruption legal structures play a significant role in this matter. In today's economic conditions, the government's role in making any type of decision and any of its policies is very important. In this research, which is analytical-descriptive, we came to the conclusion that the lack of strict monitoring of the use and evaluation of government assets; Inefficient and inappropriate use of them, inappropriate assignment and serious damage to assets due to their mismanagement are problems that are often observed in different stages of property management, and one of the main challenges of the government in this regard is the deposition of goods in customs warehouses and The ports of the country and the weakness of laws and structural and organizational problems in the organization of collecting and selling property are property.

The present study aims to examine the legal effects of the merger of banks and financial and credit institutions towards the third party and the resulting civil liability. In Iran's legal system, due to several factors, including the prevention of bank bankruptcy, the non-compliance of laws, rules and regulations, and guidelines governing the field of commercial law and monetary and banking law with the current standards in the field of international trade and banking, there are ambiguities and significant legal loopholes regarding bank mergers. Due to the features and advantages that merger has; it can be one of the most effective methods to prevent bankruptcy. The merger of banks is one of the most effective economic mechanisms to save an economic enterprise from financial turmoil and bankruptcy. The current research method is exploratory and analytical in terms of nature and library-based in terms of data collection. This research has been compiled in response to the legal and economic characteristics of the merger of banks and financial institutions compared to other mergers and in order to investigate the imposed merger of banks and financial institutions on third parties. What was deduced as a result of the mentioned discussions is that in terms of commercial regulations, there is no difference between the merger of banks and financial institutions with other economic enterprises; but in terms of competition rules, due to serious financial effects, these mergers must be done under certain conditions, such as the approval of the central bank. Regarding the economic feature, considering the fact that the customers of the banks are very large compared to the commercial companies, and people's deposits from small to large are kept in the banks, it seems that the abuse of them will lead to loss of people's trust, economic downturn, and loss of social stability and order. Therefore, the merger of these groups should be done with more care and supervision. The forced merger of banks and financial institutions will increase the capital and financial credit of the bank accepting the merger, which is considered a strong support for their demand. The impact of such a merger on the debtors of the institution is that they are placed with the bank accepting the merger and are obligated to pay the debt to the bank.

Nowadays, rehabilitation is considered as a legal strategy in dealing with criminals in the criminal justice system and it has left significant positive effects; but the question is whether this approach can yield the same positive results in the face of perpetrators of serious crimes, such as terrorist crimes? After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the attitude towards terrorism changed so that the United States used the word war to fight. A word that has brought with it a lot of problems, and brought a new challenge in international law and community. Because the war, according to international definitions, required its own circumstances and could not accommodate this struggle under its umbrella. In practice, terrorism has become to a security crime in the politics and law of countries, and this change in the nature has led to governments to introduce terrorism more than a crime. Terrorist criminals were excluded from the category of criminals, and the fight against terrorism became the primary policy of governments. In a legal analysis, it can be concluded that to convert to a security crime, means make more security for society. This point of view of social defense movement that knows a criminal as a patient, and pay attention to their reform, and in the school of realism that knows a criminal as a victim of physical and social factors offers moral responsibility instead of social responsibility and punishment instead of supply measures, has distanced. And again the classical view, or the idiom "orbit crime", has been taken into consideration. In this case, the perpetrator is a danger to others that has threatened the security of society. For this reason, securityism emphasizes to hard and disproportionate punishments with crime committed to control the danger has been created by the offender. Therefore, the terrorist criminals are the destructive security agents who suffer the most severe punishments because of the nature of their crime and the many incidents that have so far caused human society. Terrorists are people who feel alien at their community, which may be the result of different community situations such as economic, social, political and psychological conditions or a combination of these. As a result, they start protesting and revolt when they feel dissatisfy and alien, but because these revolts cannot quell their outrage, they eventually launch terrorist operations. The fight against terrorism in the shadow of the military tool has done in many forms to date. But the important point is that in this type of campaign, terrorism may soon be destroyed and its perpetrators eliminated, but the lifetime of this success is short and countries will fail in the long run. Whereas the use of rehabilitation tools on terrorist criminals is a new and useful strategy to counter terrorism that guarantees countries success in the long run, and so far it has been able to provide excellent stability and security in its implementing countries. Iran has experienced many terrorist incidents throughout its history, and as one of the active countries in the counter-terrorism has used different strategies in this struggle. As compared to Iran, Singapore has used of terrorist rehabilitation as a new strategy alongside other strategies in its counter-terrorism, and it has been able to prevent eventual attacks and the resulting damage so far. The present study, in the form of a qualitative research, and with use comparative research has investigated rehabilitation of terrorist offenders and it compared them to the conventional methods of counter-terrorism in Iran and Singapore. Finally, the findings of this study are as follows; despite the positive results of rehabilitation of terrorist criminals in Singapore, Iran has not used this method so far in its counter-terrorism. Due to the current situation in Iran, the need for this strategy is more evident than in the past.

From the view of the experts, relation between the economic growth and environment quality is significant. Environment and natural resources consider as the providers of production entities and production process besides the favorable outputs have unfavorable outputs. Harmful production techniques and process for environment impose extra expenses to the human life including healthiness and longevity reduction, decrease of treatment costs, lack of the usage of the generated economic resources and possibilities and growth of government’s controlling expenses of pollution. All aforementioned items contain legal analyses. This manuscript in the form of qualitative research and with applying the mix methods of descriptive-analytical research examines the effect of respect to the legal framework of environment law during the economic investment on the societies ‘sanitation and health. It finally concludes that the environment pollution not only violates the essential rights of individuals for the health, however considers as the main barrier against the economic development of states.