تهمینه ناطق

Bullying at work is a common problem in contemporary work life. Organizational bullying refers to situations in which a person is exposed to serious, repetitive, and long-lasting hostile and malicious behaviors that are annoying and stressful. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational bullying on the tendency of employees to leave their jobs at Mashhad Airport. The statistical population of the study consisted of 700 employees of Mashhad Airport, from which 248 people were selected based on Morgan table, and the available random sampling method for the distribution of the questionnaire. The method of data collection is library and field and the data collection tool in this research is a standard questionnaire. To measure organizational bullying from Inerson et al. (2009) questionnaire; Kim et al.'s (2007) questionnaire was used to measure the variable of tendency to leave work. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and its validity was confirmed by face and content validity. To test the research hypotheses, regression test was used using SPSS24 software. Findings show that organizational bullying affects the tendency of employees to leave Mashhad airport (81.5). Also, the effect of work-related bullying (59.6), personal bullying (79.1), and physical bullying (71.7) on the tendency of employees to leave work at Mashhad airport has been confirmed.

In the modern age, attracting and retaining customers for any organization is inevitable, and their durability is depending on strategies that are used to satisfy and attract customers and also convert potential customers to real customers and their loyalty. Due to the rapid rate of change in firms, one of the factors of production in small and medium enterprises in line with the mutation of productin is modification of marketing because today marketing can be considered as one of the ways to achieve the goal of the companies with considering future research approaches.Given that this study focuses on firms that provide services, it aims to identify the drivers and factors that affect service marketing, including commercial services except for financial and insurance services. To this end, many drivers were collected by reviewing previous studies, interviewing experts in this field, and holding meetings with companies and service providers. The tool used in this study is fundamental data theory, by which the approach has been able to aggregate and classify the collected drivers and apply them to the Strauss and Corbin model.As a result of this study, 46 drivers were selected and classified into five categories of causal conditions, main phenomena, confounding conditions, context, strategy and outcomes.

The present research aimes at designing a process model for impulse buying in chain stores of Tehran based on the grounded theory approach. The statistic population include the connoisseurs, professors, scientific and executive experts in the field of marketing and sales. 15 members are selected as the statistic sample by purposeful judgment method. The data collection tools include the library studies and semi- structured interview with experts. The validity of interview questions and their reliability respectively have been confirmed by the content analysis and retest method (0.921). The data analysis is done with a qualitative approach by the grounded theory method and the coding process was done in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. Accordingly, every component of coding paradigm was interpreted and the process model of impulse buying in chain stores was designed. Finally, the theory is designed based on 9 theorems. Based on the enumerated model, the causal condition (including the economic and psychological factors), category- centered (positive attitude toward impulse buying), bedding (including the factors related to the good or product, personality and behavioral factors), contextual factors (including the environmental, persuasive and demographical factors), strategies (strategies of impulse buying development), and outcomes (including the outcomes related to the customer and sellers) aer specified in the paradigm model and ultimately, the relations between them were drawn in the selected model.

In recent years, with the crystallization of a knowledge-based economy, the birth of student companies for the synergy between science and wealth, the development of high-value new technologies and its commercialization in the direction of the growth of the growing economy. It had it. The achievement of the goals set for the knowledge society companies will not be achieved except by designing and implementing long-term and effective strategies. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to identify the future strategies of commercialization of modern technologies in start-up knowledge-based companies and their ranking based on descriptive-exploratory studies and applied approach. The statistical population of the study consists of academic experts and knowledge managers active in the emerging technology companies in the field of information technology. The statistical sample was selected through a purposeful judiciary method of 15 people. Data collection was done using library and field methods (semi-structured interview with experts and expert questionnaire). To analyze the data in the qualitative stage, the method of the topic analysis and in the quantitative phase, a multi-criteria decision making approach is used with the method of gray number theory. Finally, the results of the topic analysis led to identifying five main strategies and 16 sub-strategies, and based on quantitative results, the priority of commercialization strategies included effective management of intellectual property rights, improving the relationship of knowledge-based enterprises with industry, reforming the management system in companies Nurture, culture, and increase the effectiveness of the role of sovereignty of the state.

The aim of this research is design the impulsive buying model in chain stores and its validation based on a research mixed with descriptive-exploratory method. With data-based data theory, the categories of model identified by open and axial and selective coding and the model presented. The model is validated among study population by structural equation modeling. The statistical population provide model for academic experts and executive experts in the field of marketing and sales and to validate the model of employees of chain stores in Tehran. The statistical sample of experts theoretical saturation stage was 15 people in a purposeful judgment method and for model validation, 286 people based on Cochran's formula in limited community and randomly selected from chain store employees. Data collection tools included a semi-structured interview for modeling and questionnaire with a Liker scale of fifty for validation. Results of quality section resulted in presentation of impulsive buying model in chain stores and a theory based on nine propositional theorems was created. Quantitative findings showed that economic factors (with a regression coefficient of 0.328) and psychological factors (with a coefficient of 0.424) as causal conditions affect the development of a positive attitude to impulsive buying. Positive attitude towards impulsive buying with a coefficient of 0.635 had a significant effect on promotion of impulsive buying process and accelerators of impulsive buying (including factors related to the product or commodity, behavioral factors, and personality) with coefficient of 0.380 on impulsive buying process. Positive attitude on impulsive buying with regression coefficient of 0.294 has an effect on the immediate purchase process and the process of impulsive buying with a coefficient of 0.523 has effect on customer outcomes and with a coefficient of 0.334 has an effect on store outcomes and customer outcomes with a coefficient of 0.429 to create positive consequences for sellers.

With the advent of the era of rationality, the productive companies of the students have been created to enhance knowledge and wealth, to develop econometric studies, and to commercialize research and development in the field of superior and high value added technologies. Despite the advances in recent years, one of the challenges facing these companies is the creation of wealth and the commercialization of research findings. Accordingly, the present study aims at presenting strategies for the commercialization of modern technologies in the emerging science companies in the field of information technology based on a qualitative study with an applied exploratory approach. The statistical population of this research included: academic experts and knowledge managers active in the emerging science and technology companies in the field of information technology and statistical sample selected through a purposeful judging method with a snowball approach to 15 people. The method of collecting information in two forms of library and field studies is using semi-structured interviewing tools with experts and analyzing qualitative data through the six-step model of Clark and Brown's analysis of the subject. To assess the validity of the criterion of acceptability, reliability and reliability of the interview, the test method was also examined Finally, the results of the topic analysis led to the presentation of a strategic plan for the commercialization of new technologies in the emerging science companies in the field of information technology, which included five main strategies: the management system reform in startup companies, the improvement of the communication of knowledge companies Axis with industry, effective management of intellectual property rights, increasing the effectiveness of the role of government and culture, and 16 sub-strategies.

Necessity and importance of energy in state economic, social, and political structure and stability of and terminable fossil resources have been centerpiece of attention to energy issue in last few years. Urban railway, as one of the main pillars of urban economy, has increased the importance of this sector based on mass transit with advantages such as economic savings in fuel consumption, preventing air pollution, reaching environmental standards, and creating social culture and discipline, and it has been followed by continuation and development of rail transport sector in the country. In this research, optimization of energy consumption in urban rail transport has been investigated and some strategies have been presented in this regard. For this purpose, 160 metro experts, who had direct relation with establishment and implementation of energy management system in Tehran Metro Operation Company, were considered as population. By using Morgan table, 113 of them were selected as sample by simple random sampling. To collect data, library ad field studies, interview with related experts, and researcher-made questionnaire containing 22 questions were used. To analyze data, SPSS software, exploratory factor analysis, and Freidman test were used. In order to identify current situation in energy management (based on ISO 50001 standard), general measures Tehran Metro Operation Company in current situation, including contract demands of electricity consumption were detected. However, by using factor analysis, 11 factors were identified and ranked in the field of energy consumption optimization. Appropriate information ranked the highest and encouraging suggested pland ranked the least.

From a strategic standpoint, Intellectual capital can create and use knowledge to increase the value of the used. In this study, the intellectual capital of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange has been calculated using the pulic model And then to evaluate the effect of three variables forming intellectual capital, including human capital, structural capital and relational capital on the brand value of these companies have been investigated. And to measure brand value of the company's vision is based on Tobin's Q index is used. The aim of this study is applied and the method of data collection as well as non-experimental survey. The population of this research firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange which there are 243 companies were identified and using elimination sampling of 68 companies were considered as the final sample. In order to measure intellectual capital and brand value of the company's financial statements have been applied. The results indicate that the value of their intellectual capital firms listed in Tehran stock exchange impact. The components of human capital, relational capital and structural capital in order to have the power of determination.

Current advancements in the field of communication and information technologies have resulted in more robust utilization of such technologies for various purposes، including teleworking. For a more effective utilization of teleworking، development and conceptualization of it structural framework is considered to be of utmost importance. For that very reason، this article has been written with the intention of codifying the structural framework of the teleworking at the Ministry of Cooperatives، Labor، and Social Welfare. The research adopts a qualitative approach and is both fundamental and applied in nature. The statistical population if this research is the civil servants working at the Social Affairs segment of the Ministry، the interviews were conducted until they reached the saturation stage، and for augmenting the validity and the reliability of the research، a variety of methods including triangulation، group membership assessment، paired assessments، and assessment of inter-coder reliability were used. Based on the data analysis conducted، which was done through coding، it became clear that the structural framework is composed of 6 pillars and 3 levels. The study showed that teleworking could be examined at three different levels. The highest level at which teleworking could be examined is the strategy of the organization، followed by the intermediary level، and then by the operational level. The pillars are composed of the incentives، legal documents، the processes، information technology، information security، and the organizational structures.