تورج احمدی جویباری

Handicapped child in the family is a source of stress which can affect physical and mental health of the parents, especially mothers. Increase in resiliency increases ability to manage stressors. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of stress coping skills training on the resiliency of mothers with handicapped children.
Material and This semi experimental study with pre-test, post-test design and control group included 60 mothers with handicapped children who had been referring to the Kermanshah welfare center in 2013. They were selected by using convenient method and then divided randomly into two groups. In this study we used a coping skill training package and Connor and Davidson Resiliency Scale (CD-RISC). SPSS 20 software was used for data analysis.
The results showed that coping skills training resulted in a significant increase in resiliency level in the mothers with disabled children (P In most of the coping skills training programs, handicapped children were the center of attention and their families that take care of them had been ignored. Therefore, training programs for parents with handicapped children is at the forefront of planning policies.

Background and Previous studies have shown conflicting results regarding to the relationship between shift work and lipid disorders. This study has investigated correlation between shift work and serum lipid.
Methods and Materials: An analytical cross sectional study was performed on a total of 2100 workers of Polyacryl Iran Company in 2013. The relationship between shift work, biochemical parameters, blood pressure and fasting blood sugar were investigated. SPSS (19) was used for data analysis. Comparisons of quantitative and qualitative variables were performed using, a one-way analysis variance (ANOVA) and Chi 2 tests respectively. The significance level defaults to 0.05.
Total cholesterol average in 3-rotating shift workers (10/32 ± 50/171) was lower than total cholesterol average in the day-shift workers (19/34 ± 46/178) and 2-rotating shift workers (59/35 ± 15/178). ANOVA revealed a significant correlation between total cholesterol and shift work (p This study was shown that total cholesterol and its prevalence was higher among 3-rotating shift workers than day workers and 2-rotating shift workers. So this study emphasizes on the importance of metabolic risk factors measurement among shift workers and prevent from this risk factors.

Stuttering is a complicated disorder which results in negative sensation to both speaker and hearer; reaction of hearer can have a significant effect on their comprehension to individuals who stutter. The aim of the present study was to determine the underlying factors associated with behavioral intention communication with people stuttering.Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 240 high school students in Hamedan city who were selected through stratified random sampling. Self-report questionnaires were used to collect field background data and behavior intention scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, version 21 using t-test, and ANOVA. The mean score of behavioral intention toward communication with people who stutter were 6.76±2.50 (range of 0 to 15). Boy biligual students living with more populated families and having parents with higher level of education showed higher score of behavior intention communication with people stuttering. Our findings indicated that the subjects generally received 45% of scores for behavioral intention communication with people stuttering; this suggests the low behavioral intention communication with people stuttering.

Patients’ safety is a critical component of health care systems. As health care organizations continually strive to improve, there is important growing recognize of establishing a culture of patient's safety. The aim of this study was to measure personnel perceptions in patient safety culture in governmental and Non-governmental hospitals in Kermanshah. This descriptive- analytic study was done with 872 samples in 2013 with as census sampling in physicians, nurses, and Para clinical personnel. Data collection was carried by using the Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture questionnaire (HSOPSC). Data were analyzed by the software for Windows, ver. 20by using Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U, kruskal-wallis and correlation coefficient tests. Among the dimensions of patient's safety culture in Kermanshah hospitals 49.7% was suitable and 50.3 %inappropriate. No significant statistical difference were seen in all hospitals. Findings of this study be shown there is no correlation were been in patient safety culture and gender, employment status, level of literacy and duty classification (P>0/05). Patients’ safety cultures in personnel of hospitals in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences were not suitable and improving patient's safety culture should be a priority among hospital administrators.

E-learning can result in the promotion of efficiency in the educational processes. However, the development of E-Learning may fail to succeed if the users’ attitudes are not considered. The users’ attitudes are very effective in the adoption and use of E-learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitudes of faculty members of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences on E-Learning.

This cross-sectional study was conducted, using a stratified proportional random sampling. The participants consisted of the faculties members of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The instrument for data collection was a researcher made questionnaire based on similar studies in two parts: part one with eleven background items, and part two with twelve attitude items. The validity of the questionnaire was approved, using experts’ comments and the reliability was found to be 0.73, using Cronbach's Alpha test. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS-21, using independent T-tests and ANOVA with α=0.05.

Maximum scores were 47.23 percent of the total score. Three items, “saving the students’ time”, “solving many problems of teaching” and “saving the teachers’ time” achieved the highest mean score, respectively. Only the faculty members with experience in E-learning education had better attitudes (p=0.003).

The attitude of faculty members of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences toward e-learning was not appropriate. Holding workshops in the field of E-learning by EDC can help to improve the condition.

Gestational diabetes is defined as carbohydrate intolerance with different severity which is first diagnosed or occurred during pregnancy. Pregnancy as a stressful situation increases the secretion of cortisol. Therefore، considering the relation between cortisol hormone and gestational diabetes، this study was performed with the aim to evaluate and compare serum and urinary cortisol levels in healthy pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes. This cross-sectional study was performed on 42 women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and 42 healthy pregnant women who had referred to Kermanshah diabetic center in 2013. In 24th gestational weeks، 24-h urine sample and no fasting blood sample were provided to assess cortisol level. Data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and statistical tests of independent-t، Pearson correlation، multivariate covariance analysis، and Mann-Whitney. According to multivariate analysis of covariance analysis، there was significant difference between serum and urinary cortisol levels in two groups of healthy pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes (P<0. 001). In the evaluation of under the ROC curve، 0. 855 was obtained for serum cortisol and 0. 866 for urinary cortisol، and to diagnose the gestational diabetes، sensitivity and specificity of serum cortisol were obtained 79. 5% and 82. 9%، and sensitivity and specificity of urine cortisol 84. 6 % and 90. 2%، respectively. Serum and urinary cortisol levels is significantly higher in women with gestational diabetes compared to healthy pregnant women. Perhaps with performing studies، these criteria can be used as a criterion to diagnose gestational diabetes. Urinary cortisol level with higher sensitivity and specificity and more non-invasive method is preferred to serum cortisol test.

Giving birth to a child with disabilities is two-three times more likely in consanguineous marriages. Due to the various negative consequences of such marriages، this study aimed to determine the cognitive predictors of consanguineous marriages. In this cross-sectional study، convenience sampling was applied to select 516 people who visited four different marriage counseling centers in Kohgiluyeh-Boyer Ahmad Province. A self-report questionnaire was administered to collect data. Bivariate correlations and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the data in SPSS-20. The mean age of the respondents was 23. 43 ± 3. 96 years (range: 15-30 years). About 43. 4% of the participants had married a relative. Regression analysis suggested subjective norms (OR = 1. 304) and cultural factors (OR = 1. 244) as the best predictors of cousin marriage. Considering the high rate of cousin marriage in the studied population، it is pre-marriage genetic counseling seems essential. Designing educational interventions on subjective norms and cultural factors related to cousin marriage may also be useful in reducing the rates of cousin marriages.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the major factor of death from cancer in women worldwide and also it is the most common cancer among women in Iran. Many studies suggest that breast cancer is associated with latitude، sunlight and vitamin D. This study was conducted with aim to ecologically evaluate breast cancer in Iranian women based on geographical latitude، exposure to sunlight and vitamin D. This ecological study is was performed in 2014 with aim to evaluate the relationship between breast cancer in Iranian women and some effective factors such as latitude، exposure to sunlight and vitamin D. For this purpose، we used National Cancer Registry data، Iran segmentation map based on latitude، distribution of prevalence of vitamin D deficiency based on the results of the study of SaeidNia، and mean hours of sunlight which was collected by the Meteorological Agency. in lower latitudes especially at 20 to25 degrees which the incidence of breast cancer is lower، the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is lower and mean hours of sunlight is higher than higher latitudes. There is negative association between the incidence of breast cancer، latitude، hours of exposure to sunlight and vitamin D intake. However، analytical studies will be needed to achieve scientific inferences.

In the past two decades psychoactive drugs especially among adolescents and youth are common, these drugs located in the second row of drug abuse in the world. Present study performed with aim of determinant of predictors of psychoactive drugs use among adolescents and youth in Kermanshah city based on theory of planned behavior. This cross-sectional study was performed among 385 adolescents and youth in Kermanshah. Participants were selected in simple random. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: demographics, knowledge Questions about the consequences of psychoactive drugs and Structures questionnaire of the theory of planned behavior that completed by participants in self-report. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS-21 with utilizes of regression tests and Pearson correlation. 7.2 and 4.2 % of the participants were experienced Cristal and Ecstasy. Subjective norms (OR=1.455), perceived behavioral control (OR=0.793) and behavioral intentions (OR=1.440) predicted psychoactive drugs use. It seems that drug use by close friends and peer pressure as encouraging factors provide the conditions for the use of psychoactive drugs.

Ritalin is an amphetamine that possible to abuse, especially among college students. This study performed with aim to determine the attitudes, subjective norms, prototype, willingness and behavioral intentions regarding Ritalin abuse among college students. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 264 college students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, during spring 2013. Participants selected in random sampling with probability proportional to size, and data were collected by using questionnaire in self-report. Data were described by using SPSS-21. Mean age of students was 23.02±2.28 years. 6.6 percent of students reported having experienced Ritalin abuse. Participants respectively received 47.7, 48.6, 48, 43.5 and 52.6 percent of the maximum score for the domains; attitudes, subjective norms, prototype, willingness and behavioral intention to use Ritalin. Our findings showed, more intention to Ritalin abuse during cores exam, it seem skills study education for student could be beneficial results to Ritalin abuse prevention.

The Retention rates are important factors in methadone maintenance treatment. This study was performed with aims to determine the attitude and subjective norms in Methadone Treatment Maintenance among Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad’s province addict who referred addiction treatment centers. This research was a cross-sectional study that done among men’s addicted who are receiving methadone maintenance therapy referred to addiction treatment centers. Sampling was in systematic proportional method among addiction treatment centers in each of the cities. Questioner by referred to addiction centers selected men’s addicted in randomly. Data were analyzed by SPSS-21. Mean age of participants was 33.58±8.94 with range 16 to 53 years. Among attitude structure’s questions respectively, reduce of harm reduction drugs on health, better communicate with people around and reduce the cost of living, and among subjective norms structure’s questions, family approved and number of friends involved in methadone treatment had achieved the highest score average. It seems, increase in beliefs such as harm reduction, reduce the cost of living and improve relationships and effect of family and friends support can be effective for retention on methadone maintenance therapy among addicts.

Self-immolation is one of the most violent methods of suicide، which is spreading in Iran. The highest rate of deaths due to committing suicide and self-immolation in Iran is observed in Kermanshah province. This research was conducted to study the survival rate and the factors that influence survival among the ones who commit self-immolation in Kermanshah province. In this study، all the cases who did not survive، as well as all the ones who were hospitalized due to self-immolation in Kermanshah province during 2010 and 2011 were examined. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the survival function، and in order to do the comparisons، Logrank test and Cox Regression were employed using Stata 12 software. The results indicated that during 2010 and 2011، 343 individuals committed self-immolation in Kermanshah Province، while، 288 (84%) were women. Also، it was found that 184 (53%) did not survive، the mean and median of survival time in those who committed suicide deliberately، were 33±2. 6 and 11±2 days respectively. Estimation of survival rate using Logrank test indicated that survival rate had a significant relationship with age، mental disorders، drug addiction، and TBSA (Total Body Surface Area)، while it did not suggest a statistically significant relationship with gender، marital status and cause of injury. After multivariate analysis using Cox regression، only two variables of age and TBSA could remain in the model and the other variables were excluded from the model. The death toll due to self-immolation is very high and the mean and median of survival time among the people who committed self-immolation is very low. Therefore، it is recommended that remedial action be performed quickly without wasting time.

Self-poisonings are the suicidal methods that have a high prevalence in the world. One of the age groups in which suicidal attempt, especially self-poisoning, are high is adolescent. So, in this study, we intend to survey the cases and factors of self-poisoning in the main center of poisoning in Kermanshah province, Imam Khomeini hospital, among the adolescents who have 15-20 years old. This Study was a cross sectional in which all 15-20 years, who referred to the province poisoning center due to self- poisoning in 2011 were examined. In need information were got in two ways: using patients file and a face to face interview. A group of psychology experts who were not aware and had a work background assisted. Then a statistical package of SPSS (version 19), chi-square and independent T-test were used for data analysis. In 2011, 321 young people among 15-20 years old referred to Imam Khomeini hospital in Kermanshah; Of which, 123(38%) were boys and 198(62%) were girls. 180 persons (58%) refrain from continuing education, among them, boys were more 119 (66%). On the other hand, 62 of boys (51%) and 162 of girls 84% had conflict with one of their relatives or families. They said that their suicidal attempt was due to involvement with them. As most people that attempted to do suicide by poisoning, refrain from continuing education or suffer from lack of parents, It could be concluded that the school and family as, the most important educational systems in decreasing suicide attempts, play a prominent role.

Pap smear is an appropriate method in prevention and reducing mortalities of cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on the frequency of pap smear test among women. This study was a quasi-experimental and interventional one among 120 women (60 as the intervention group، and 60 in the control group) referred to two of the health centers of Hamadan in 2011. All the subjects were followed up for three months. Participants responded to a standard self-report questionnaire. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS software (V: 16)، and P<0. 05 was taken as the significant level. After the educational program a significant improvement in the average response to perceived barriers to undergoing Pap smear test (P=0. 001) and perceived severity of cervical cancer complications (P=0. 001) were found among intervention group. In addition، after intervention the rate of doing Pap smear test significantly increased among both groups (P=0. 013). Doing Pap smear test increased among the cases and confirmed the effectiveness of this health educational program for women.

Nutritional education is a necessity in diabetic patients to better control of the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational programs to promote nutritional knowledge in type II diabetes patients using the health belief model (HBM). This was a quasi-experimental study which was performed among type II diabetic patients referred to rural health centers in Gachsaran، Iran. Thus، after obtaining permission from officials of the health center in Gachsaran city and coordination with rural health centers، two centers as the intervention group and two centers as the control group were randomly selected، and then for study enrollment، 140 of the patients (70 patients in control group and 70 patients in intervention group) were selected in simple random sampling method among the patients; intervention group received the intended educations and were taken final assessment after 3 months of educational intervention in both groups. The results showed a statistical significant difference after the implementation of educational programs in the intervention group in the mean knowledge scores، perceived severity، perceived susceptibility، perceived benefits and perceived self-efficacy and decreased perceived barriers (P < 0. 05). The results demonstrated usefulness of implementing educational programs among intervention group concerning the promotion of nutritional knowledge. Keywords:

Aggressive behavior in adolescence can be expressed as a predictor for crime، substance abuse، depression and academic failure. This study was performed with the aim to determine the prevalence and factors associated with aggression among adolescents. The present study was a cross sectional research that was performed among adolescents of Yasuj، Iran in 2010. Subjects were selected by random sampling method from the city’s main squares. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including two parts: demographic and Boss and Perry aggression questionnaire، which was completed by self-report of the participants. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18. Prevalence of aggression was 32. 2 percent. Drug abuse، alcohol consumption، unprotected sex، drug abuse in friends، and parental divorce had a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of aggressive in adolescents (P < 0. 05). Prevalence of aggression was 32. 2 percent. Drug abuse، alcohol consumption، unprotected sex، drug abuse in friends، and parental divorce had a statistically significant relationship with the incidence of aggressive in adolescents (P < 0. 05).

most countries try to present effective education for reducing the price of the sanitary health care and filling up the gap between science and action. So the aim of this study is to compare of efficiency of two methods of work shop and speech to increase awareness of general practitioner in Kermanshah city.

Participants in this study were 86 general practitioners attended in continuing education programs of breathing infection. Samples divided into two groups with simple random method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire. Reliability and validity of questionnaire determined by، test-retest and content validity respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (ver. 19)، paired T-test and T- independent.

the average age of 86 general practitioners that participated in، in- service education program was 36. 29 12آ±'' type= «#_x0000_t75» > 3. 4. 38 persons (44%) were in the personal office and 48 person (56%) engaged program in government centers. There wasn’t any relationship between the work place of general practitioner and awareness level، but there is significant relationship between the awareness level of general practitioner before and after of workshop and lecture (P<0. 001). the average of awareness after education was 19. 13 and 20. 85 in lecture and workshop method respectively.

the present study show that education through workshop had more effect in increasing average level of awareness of practitioner rather than the lecture.