جمال عاشوری

The present research was conducted with the aim of comparison the effectiveness of applied behavior analysis and play therapy on increasing the social skills of mild intellectual disability children. This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test design with experimental and control groups. The research population was mild intellectual disability children referred to counseling centers in the third district of Tehran in the spring season of 2022 year. The research sample was 40 mild intellectual disability children who after reviewing the inclusion criteria were selected by the available sampling method and randomly were assigned into three equal groups including two experimental groups (applied behavior analysis and play therapy) and one control group. Each of experimental groups underwent by applied behavior analysis and play therapy for 10 sessions of 45 minutes (two sessions per week) as a group and during time the control group did not receive education. The tools of the current research included a demographic information form and social skills questionnaire (Gresham and Elliott, 1990). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS version 22 software. The findings showed that both intervention methods of applied behavior analysis and play therapy in compared to the control group led to increase the social skills and each three components of them including cooperation, assertiveness and self-control of mild intellectual disability children (P<0.001), but between the intervention methods there was no significant difference in increasing the social skills and their components (P>0.05). According to the results of the present study, therapists, counselors and psychologists can use both methods of applied behavior analysis and play therapy to increase the social skills of mild intellectual disability children.

Marriage has always been emphasized as the most important and the highest social custom to meet people's emotional needs. The main reasons for marriage are having love and affection for a partner and companion in life, satisfying emotional-psychological needs and increasing happiness and contentment. Therefore, the aim of the current research was to investigate the effectiveness of therapy based on realistic acceptance and commitment on couples' happiness and emotion regulation. In terms of purpose, the current research was of an applied type, and in terms of method, based on the research design and method, it was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design (with an experimental group and a control group and a three-month follow-up period). The statistical population used in the current study included all couples who referred to family counseling and couple therapy centers in the 2nd district of Tehran in 1401. Among these people, 40 people (20 couples) were selected using the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned to an experimental group (20 people or 10 couples) and a control group (20 people or 10 couples). Then, a treatment package based on acceptance and realistic commitment was implemented on the experimental group based on the protocol of Afshari et al (2022). The research tools included the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and the Gross & John (2003) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. In order to statistically analyze the data, variance analysis with repeated measurements and LSD post hoc test and SPSS software version 26 were used. F value and significance level were calculated in the variable of emotion regulation (F = 6.17 and P = 0.002) and happiness (F = 5.81 and P = 0.003). It can be concluded that the independent variable (treatment based on realistic acceptance and commitment) has significantly changed the dependent variables (regulation of emotion and happiness). Therefore, it can be concluded that the changes made in the dependent variables were due to the implementation of the treatment based on acceptance and realistic commitment on the experimental group. The results of the LSD post hoc test showed that these effects were stable. Based on the available findings, it can be concluded that the therapy based on realistic acceptance and commitment was effective in regulating the emotions and happiness of couples. Therefore, it is suggested that experts benefit from the techniques of this approach in their work.

This research aimed to investigate the role of achievement motivation, personality traits and psychological hardiness in predicting social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students. Present research was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The research population included all educable mentally retarded students of Varamin city in 2017-18 academic years that from them 130 people were selected by simple sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires of achievement motivation (Hermans, 1970), personality traits (Costa & McCrae, 1992), psychological hardiness (Kobasa, 1979) and social anxiety (Connor & et al, 2000). The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression with enter model methods. The findings showed there was a positive and significant relationship between the achievement motivation, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and psychological hardiness with social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students and there was a negative and significant relationship between the neuroticism with social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students. Also the variables of achievement motivation, neuroticism, extroversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness and psychological hardiness significantly could predict the social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students (p<0/05). According to findings of this research counselors and experts consider the symptoms of achievement motivation, personality traits and psychological hardiness and based on design and implemente programs to decrease the social anxiety of educable mentally retarded students.

University students are a lot of problems in the field of adjustment especially social and health adjustment. Therefore, present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on social and emotional adjustment of nursing students.
This research carried out as a semi-experimental, with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population was included all nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Pishva branch in 2015-16 academic years. Totally 40 nurse were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly assigned to two equal groups. The experimental group educated 8 sessions of 90 minutes by group therapy based on acceptance and commitment. Groups completed the dimensions of social and health adjustment of Bell’s adjustment questionnaire. Data were analyzed with using of SPSS-19 and by multivariate analysis of covariance method.
The findings showed there were a significant difference between experimental and control groups in the social and health adjustment. In the other words, group therapy based on acceptance and commitment significantly led to improve of social and health adjustment of nursing students (p≤0/05).
The results are due to the importance of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on increase social and health adjustment of nursing students. Therefore, it is suggest that counselor and therapists to improve dimension of adjustment especially social and health adjustment used from group therapy based on acceptance and commitment.

Job satisfaction is one of the most important factors in increasing efficiency and creating positive attitude in individuals toward their work.This research aimed to investigating the relationship between management styles,creativity and organizational commitment with job satisfaction.Study population consists of all highschool principals in Qarchack and using multi-phase cluster sampling, 140 principals were chosen as the study sample. . All of them completed the multiple management questionnaire (Bass and Avolio, 1995), creativity questionnaire (Torrance, 1990), organizational commitment questionnaire (Allen and Meyer, 1997) and Herzberg’s job satisfaction questionnaires (Dant and et al, 1966).Results showed a positive and significant relationship between transformational management style, transactional management style, creativity and affective commitment with job satisfaction (p<0/01). Creativity, transactional management style and effective commitment in one predictive model predicted about 35 percent of variance of job satisfaction and also share of creativity in predicting job satisfaction was more than other variables. Therefore creativity, transactional management style and affective commitment lead to higher job satisfaction in high school principals.

Background and Gestational diabetes (GD) is one of the most prevalent diseases in women during pregnancy that is initiated and diagnosed during the pregnancy. Given the importance of early diagnose and timely treatment of this disease, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of spiritual group therapy (SGT) on anxiety and quality of life among the women with Gestational diabetes.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 40 women with GD referring to the healthcare center of Varamin, Tehran, Iran, in 2015 using a pretest-posttest design. The study population was selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups of 20 cases. The experimental group was subjected to eight 80-minute sessions of SGT. The two study groups filled out the World Health Organization’s quality of life and the Cattell’s anxiety questionnaires. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method using SPSS version 19.
According to the results, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the anxiety and quality of life (P As the findings of the present study indicated, the SGT method had a significant role in the reduction of anxiety and improvement of the quality of life. Therefore, the counselors and therapists are suggested to use the SGT method to decrease anxiety and increase quality of life.

Several difficulties of students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are related to executive dysfunctions, which may improve by neurofeedback training. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of neurofeedback training on sustain attention and working memory in male elementary school students with ADHD.
This study was a quasi-experimental investigation with a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population were included male elementary school students with ADHA that referred to counseling centers of Varamin city in 2015. Thirty students were selected using sampling method and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group educated twelve 60-minute-sessions of neurofeedback training. To assess sustain attention and working memory, CPT and N-back computerized tests were performed, respectively.
There was a significant difference between the averages of sustains attention and working memory of experimental and control groups in the posttest stage. The neurofeedback training significantly increased sustain attention and working memory in male elementary school students with ADHD.
The findings suggest use of neurofeedback training to improve cognitive dysfunction in children with ADHD.

Students, especially nursing students, have many problems in terms of social and emotional adjustment. Therefore, the present research aimed at determining the effect of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on social and emotional adjustment of nursing students.
This research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test with experimental and control groups. The research population included all nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Pishva branch, during academic years 2015 and 2016. From this group, 40 individuals were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to 2 equal groups. The experimental group was trained by the approach of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment during 8 sessions of 90 minutes. Both groups completed dimensions of social and emotional adjustment of Bell’s adjustment questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the SPSS-17 software and by multivariate analysis of covariance method.
The findings showed that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups in the variables of social and emotional adjustment. In other words, group therapy based on acceptance and commitment significantly led to improvement in social and emotional adjustment of nursing students (P ≤ 0.05).
The results are due to the effect of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment method indicating increased social and emotional adjustment of nursing students. Therefore, it is suggest for counselors and therapists to use group therapy based on acceptance and commitment method to improve dimensions of adjustment-specific social and emotional adjustment.

This research aimed to investigate the role of social factors of organizational culture, organizational climate and job satisfaction in predicting of job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery. This study was a descriptive - analytical from type of correlation. The population of research was included all employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery in 2017 year that from them 332 person were selected by randomly simple sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires of organizational culture (Hofsted, 1991), organizational climate (Jaw & Liu, 2003), job satisfaction (Dant & et al, 1966) and job security (Francis & Burling, 2005). Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with enter model methods. The findings showed organizational culture, organizational climate and job satisfaction had a positive and significant relationship with job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery. Also the predicred variables (means job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery) could predict 59/1 percent of variance of job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery that in this predicting the share of organizational climate was higher than other variables (P<0/01). So to increase the job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery, the first must improve the organizational climate and then consider the role of other variables. Also officials and counselors must consider the symptoms of mentioned variables and design and implementation appropriate programs to increase the job security in employees of Asaloyeh gas refinery.

Nurses are face a lot of stress, because the sensitivity job. Job’s stresses could led to increase depression and decrease quality of life. This research aimed to investigate the effect of group schema therapy on decrease depression symptom and increase quality of life among nurses.
This was a semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. Forty women’s nurse selected from all hospitals women’s nurses of Varamin city and randomly was replaced into two equal groups. The intervention group educated 10 sessions of 80 minutes by group schema therapy method. Data collecting instrument were included the questionnaires of Beck and Clarck’s depression and World Health Organization’s quality of life. Data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method and with using SPSS (Ver., 19) software.
The findings showed before the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of depression and quality of life was 37/60±6/34 and 71/89±11/32 respectively, but after the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of them became 25/89±3/80 and 85/33±9/71 respectively. Also, there was a significant difference between intervention and control groups in the depression and quality of life. The group schema therapy revealed the decrease depression symptoms (F=35/738) and increase quality of life (F=23/451) of nurses (P The results indicate the importance of group schema therapy in decreasing depression and increasing quality of life of nurses. Therefore, nurses could use from group schema therapy method to reduce depression symptoms and improve quality of life.

Appropriate quality of life not only is determined by disease, but also is depends to psychological condition such as job burnout, perceived social support and psychological hardiness. The research aim was to investigate the role of job burnout, perceived social support and psychological hardiness in predicting nurses’ quality of life.
The study was descriptive–analysis from type of correlation. The statistical population was including all nurses in Tehran affiliated hospitals in 2015. By multistep cluster sampling method, 400 nurses were selected. The study instruments were the Maslach & Jackson job burnout, Zimet & et al perceived social support, Kobasa psychological hardiness and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaires. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V.15 using coefficient Pearson correlation and multivariate regression analysis using Enter model.
The findings showed that Job burnout (r=-0/39) had a significant negative relationship with nurses’ quality of life also perceived social support (r=0/61) and psychological hardiness (r=0/45) showed a significant positive relationship with nurses quality of life (P The job burnout, perceived social support and psychological hardiness variables had effective roles in predicting nurses’ quality of life. Hence, it is proposed that counselors, therapists and planners consider the symptoms of these variables and design appropriate programs to improve nurses’ quality of life.

Nursing is a stressful jobs and stress causes burnout. Job burnout has a lot negative psychological consequences. Thus, the aim of this study was to predict nurse’s job burnout based on the social capital, perceived social support and organizational citizenship behavior.
The current research was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. The population included the nurses of Varamin’s hospitals in 2016. Totally, 180 nurses were selected by the simple random sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires included social capital, perceived social support, organizational citizenship behavior and job burnout. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression by enter model and with Assistance SPSS-19 software.
The results showed that social capital, perceived social support and organizational citizenship behavior had a negative significant relationship with nurse’s job burnout. In other words, the rate of nurse’s job burnout decreases with increasing social capital, perceived social support and organizational citizenship behavior (P≤0/01). A model predicting organizational citizenship behavior, perceived social support and social capital could predict 31.2% of the variations of nurse’s job burnout. The share of organizational citizenship behavior in predicting nurse’s job burnout was over than other variables (P≤0/001).
Social capital, perceived social support and organizational citizenship behavior had an effective role in predicting the nurse’s job burnout. Therefore, it is suggested that, in order to decrease the nurse’s job burnout, counselors and therapists increase the rate of organizational citizenship behavior, perceived social support and social capital of nurses.

Attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder is a common childhood disorder which finding an effective treatment to decrease its symptoms is very important. This research aimed to investigate the effect of computer games on sustains attention and working memory in elementary boy students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.
This research was a queasy-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population included all elementary boy students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder that referred to counseling centers of Pakdasht city in 2015. Totally 30 students were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group educated 12 sessions of 60 minutes by computer games method. To assess sustain attention and working memory, CPT and N-back computerized tests were used respectively. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance method and with using the SPSS-19 software.
The results showed the mean and standard deviation of sustain attention and working memory before the intervention in the computer games group were 121/86±12/73 and 33/43±6/86 respectively. But after the intervention, the mean and standard deviation of them become 148/23±11/18 and 43/62±7/29 respectively. Also, the other result showed that the computer games method significantly led to increase sustain attention and working memory in elementary boy students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (PThe results of this research suggest that therapists and clinical psychologists use from computer games method to increase sustain attention and working memory in students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.

Many problems of students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder is related to disorder in executive functions that neurofeedback training are effective to improve them. This study aimed to investigate the effect of neurofeedback training on executive function (sustain attention, planning and working memory) in elementary girl students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.
This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population included all elementary girl students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder that referred to counseling centers of Gharchak city in 2015 year. Totally 30 students were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups. The experimental group educated 12 sessions of 60 minutes by neurofeedback method. To assess sustain attention, planning and working memory respectively were used from CPT, T-London and N-back computerized tests. Data analyzed with the SPSS-19 software and by multivariate analysis of covariance method.
The results showed there was a significant difference in three variable of sustains attention, planning and working memory. On the other hand the neurofeedback training method significantly lead to increase sustains attention, planning and working memory in elementary girl students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder (P Regarded the results of this research suggest that therapist and clinical psychologist use from neurofeedback training for increase sustains attention, planning and working memory in students with attention deficit / hyperactivity disorder.

Aim: Anxiety is one of the most common mental disorders with high prevalence in people. This research aimed to prediction anxiety based on schemas and positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation.
This study was a descriptive analytical from type of correlation that a sample of 200 school managers was selected by simple random sampling method of Gharchak city in 2016 year. All of them completed the questionnaires of anxiety (Cattell¡ 1973)¡ early maladaptive schemas (Young¡ 1994) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies (Garnefski & et al¡ 2001). Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with enter model methods with using of SPSS-19 software.
The schemas of disconnection and rejection¡ impaired autonomy¡ impaired limits and over vigilance and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies had a positive significant relation with anxiety and positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies had a negative significant relation with anxiety (P Regarded to findings seem to reduce anxiety can decrease the rate of maladaptive schemas and negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies and increase the rate of positive cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

Nursing due to its demand to work under high pressure, night shifts, deal with difficulties and other reasons has always been associated with stress and mental pressure, and its duties have always been intertwined with moral issues. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship be tween organizational commitment, job satisfaction and social orientation, and moral behavior of the nurses w orking in hospitals in Varamin.
The present research was a correlational descriptive study. The study population consisted of all nurses working in Shahid Mofatteh and 15-e-Khordad hospitals in the city of Varamin in 2015, out of which 120 nurses were randomly selected .T he participants answered the questions regarding demographic variables, and completed the standardized questi onnaires of organizational commitment, job satisfaction, social orientation, and moral behavior. The data were analyzed by using SPSS s tatistical software version 19.
Ethical Considerations: After presenting the research objectives, emphasizing the anonymi ty of questionnaires and confidentiality of personal information, and getting a written informed consent, the questionnaires were handed to the participants. Data collection was conducted by people of the same sex as nurses.
Findings: A total of 120 nurse (78 females and 42 males) with a mean and standard deviation of 32.67±4.39 years participated in this study. Mean and standard deviations were 60.66±13.50 for organizational commitment, 142.20±28.52 for job satisfaction, 83.58±19.38 for social orientation, and 53.67±10.09 for moral behavior. Organizational commitment (r=0.5 71), job satisfaction (r=0.438) and social orientation (r=0.295) presented a significant positive relationship with the moral behavior of the nurses. Moreover, there was a significant pos itive correlation between organizational commitment and nurses’ job satisfaction, and also between job satisfaction and the nurses’ social orientation (P≤0.01). O rganizational commitment, job satisfaction and social orientation could significantly predict 52.7 percent of the nurses’ moral behavioral changes. According to the standard beta of the variable, it can be stated that organizational commitment had a greater contribution than job satisfaction and social orientation in the predictions.
Re gard ing the positive significant relationship between the predicting variables and moral behavior of the nurses, running appropriate workshops is recommended.

Nursing as a stressful job has detrimental effects on health conditions and nurses’ quality of life (QOL). Training courses of life skills could improve and increase the general health conditions and quality of life of the nurses. So, this study aimed to investigate the effects of these courses on the two aforementioned parameters.
This experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design was conducted on all nurses working in the Varamin city hospitals in 2015. Overall, 30 nurses were selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned into two groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of 70- minute. of training with group life skills method and the control group received nothing Both groups completed the questionnaires of Goldberg & Hillier’s general health (GHQ) and World Health Organization’s life quality (LQQ). Data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method.
There was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the general health and QOL. In other words, group training of life skills significantly enhances the general health (F=149/737) and QOL (F=129/415) of the nurses (p According to the findings of this study, the group training of life skills can be effective in improving the general health conditions and Olaf nurses. So, counselors and therapists could use the group life skill method along with other methods to increase these two health and life parameters.

Psychological constructs of emotional intelligence, coping strategies and life satisfaction play an important role in mental health. This research aimed to investigate the share of emotional intelligence, coping strategies and life satisfaction on mental health in nursing students.
This is a descriptive analytical study of correlation type. The statistical population of this research was all nursing students of Islamic Azad University of Varamin-Pishva branch in 2014-15 academic years. Totally 180 students (104 girls and 76 boys) were selected using stratifies randomly sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires of emotional intelligence, coping strategies, life satisfaction and mental health. The data were analyzed with using the SPSS-19 software and by method of Pearson correlation and multivariateregression with stepwise model.
The results showed a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence, problem solving strategy and satisfaction of past life, present life and future life with mental health.Problem solving strategy, satisfaction of present life and emotional intelligence in one predicted model predicted 31 percent of variance of mental health. The share of problem solving strategy in prediction mental health was over of other variables(P According to the findings, problem solving strategy, satisfaction of present life and emotional intelligence was the most important predictor of mental health. Therefore, therapists and counselors regarded to the symptoms of mention variables and based those design appropriate programs for promote mental health in nursing students.

Mental health is an important psychological requirement for police force employees; therefore attention to their mental health is essential. The most important variables related to mental health include social capital, perceived social support and organizational citizenship behavior.
The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between social capital, perceived social support and organizational citizenship behavior, and mental health of police force employees.
The findings showed a negative and significant relationship between social capital (r=-0/237, P≤0/01), perceived social support (r=-0/350, P≤0/01) and organizational citizenship behavior (r=-0/414, P≤0/01), and mental health. A high score in the mental health questionnaire indicated poor mental health. Therefore an increase in organizational citizenship behavior, perceived social support and social capital increases the rate of mental health among police force employees. Also the mentioned variables could predict 26.8% of variance of mental health (R2=0/268) with the share of organizational citizenship behavior (ß=-0/304) being higher than the other variables (P≤0/01).
Discussion and Regarding the findings it is suggested that counselors and therapists should be employed to teach organizational citizenship behavior, perceived social support and social capital to police force employees by using appropriate educational workshops to improve their mental health.

Introduction and Life quality is effect by several psychological factors that from most important can be note social capital, social support and psychological hardiness. Therefore this research aimed to investigation the role of social capital, social support and psychological hardiness in predicting life quality of elderly women.
This is a descriptive – analytical study of correlational type. The statistical population of this research included all elderly women of Gharchak City in 2014 year that from them 250 elders was selected by cluster sampling method. Data collection tools included the questionnaires of social capital (Pajak, 2006), social support (Zimet & et al, 1998), psychological hardiness (Kobasa, 1979) and life quality (World Health Organization, 1989) that were completed by samples. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS-19 software and Pearson correlation and multiple regressions with stepwise model methods.
Findings: The mean and standard deviation score of life quality in elderly women was 2/86±1/09 that was indicate a middle level of life quality. Findings showed that social capital (r=0/46), social support (r=0/52) and psychological hardiness (r=0/39) had a positive and significant relationship with life quality of elderly women (P According to the findings of this research social capital, social support and psychological hardiness had the ability of predicting the life quality of women elders. Therefore regarded to role of mentioned variables in predicting the life quality it is suggest that design and implementation appropriate action programs to improve the life quality of elderly women.

Mental health is affected by several variables, among which the most important ones could be considered job burnout, social support and psychological hardiness. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of job burnout, social support and psychological hardiness with mental health among nurses.
This was a descriptive–analytical research from the correlation type. The statistical population included all the nurses of a governmental hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2015. Totally, 400 nurses were selected through multistep cluster sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires including job burnout by Maslach & Jackson (2008), perceived social support by Zimet et al. (1988), Kobasa’s psychological hardiness (1979) and Goldberg & Hillier’s mental health (1979). Data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and multivariate regression with stepwise model using SPSS-19.
Job burnout (r = 0.37) showed a statistically significant positive relationship with mental health of nurses and perceived social support (r = -0.56), and psychological hardiness (r = -0.53) showed a statistical significantly negative relationship with mental health of nurses (P According to the findings of this research, it is suggested that counselors and therapists decrease the rate of job burnout and increase the rate of social support and psychological hardiness in order to increase the mental health of nurses.

The present study aimed to predict the importance of emotional regulation based on attachment styles and emotional regulation was hardiness.
The study was cross-sectional. The study population included all nursing and midwifery students of Islamic Azad University of Varamin was Rector in the academic year 95-1394. Among them, 280 were selected by simple random sampling. The instrument used in this study, the scale of emotion regulation (Gross & John, 2003), hardiness inventory (Kvbasa, 1976) and Adult Attachment Style Questionnaire (Hazan and Shaver, 1987). To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
The results showed that hardiness and secure attachment had in order 32% and 43% positive and significant correlation with emotional regulation, but ambivalent attachment style and avoidant attachment style had a significant relationship with emotional regulation. In a model of the relationship between psychological hardiness and attachment styles could predict 57 percent of the changes in emotion regulation (01/0> p).
Hardiness and secure attachment had an important role in predicting emotional regulation. So to increase emotional regulation can be increased hardiness and secure attachment.

This research aimed to investigate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy in improving happiness and emotional maturity of boy adolescents. The statistical population included all boy students at the ninth grade of Pakdasht city in 2015-16 academic years. This research was a queasy-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design that 50 student adolescent (each group 25 person) were selected by multistep cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to two group.The experimental group 10 sessions of 70 minutes educated by cognitive behavioral therapy and control group don’t received any education. Each two group completed the Oxford happiness questionnaire (Argyle & Lu, 1990) and emotional maturity questionnaire (Singh & Bhargava, 1990) as the pre-test and post-test. The data were analyzed with assistant SPSS-19 software and by multivariate test and analysis of covariance methods. The findings show that there was a significant difference between experimental and control groups (P