جواد خلعتبری

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive therapy and dialectical behavior therapy on the self-knowledge of vulnerable adolescents under the welfare of Tehran. The research method was an experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all vulnerable teenagers covered by the welfare department of Tehran in 1400. Using the available sampling method, 60 people were selected and randomly assigned to the intervention groups of positive psychology and dialectical behavior therapy and the control group. The score obtained from Kettle's Self-Knowledge Questionnaire (1998) was included in the initial screening as a pre-test. Then, the intervention of positive psychology and dialectical behavior therapy was presented to the experimental group for 10 sessions of 90 minutes each, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Then all three groups were measured in the post-test. Also, after one month, the follow-up period was carried out by implementing a self-knowledge questionnaire. Data analysis using mixed variance analysis showed that positive treatment and dialectical behavior therapy were effective on the self-knowledge of vulnerable teenagers under the welfare of Tehran city (P<0.001). Also, the effect of positive treatment was greater than dialectical behavior therapy in improving self-knowledge (P<0.001). The results were maintained in the follow-up phase. The results of this research reveal the need to pay special attention to the issues of vulnerable teenagers.

Promoting moral judgment and critical thinking is one of the main goals in the education system; therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of teaching philosophy with native-Iranian stories on studentschr('39') moral judgment and critical thinking.

The quasi-experimental research method was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all male and female students of the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school in Chalous in the academic year 2019-2020 who were selected by sampling method available to 30 people and were divided into two groups of 15 experimental and control. They responded to the Ricketts Critical Thinking Scale and the Sinha and Varma Judgment Questionnaire. The experimental group participated in 17 sessions of philosophical training, but the control group was on the waiting list. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22 and multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that there was a difference between the mean scores of moral judgment and critical thinking in the experimental and control groups and the growth rate of moral judgment and critical thinking in the experimental group was higher than the control group (P <0.01).

The philosophy education program with indigenous-Iranian stories had a positive effect on the moral judgment and critical thinking of students.

This study design an indigenous model for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), then check the effect of this model in PTSD. The qualitative section used of Braun & Clarke (2006) the method of thematic analysis. The quantitative part was experimental pilot pretest-posttest study with control group. Statistical population included all individuals who referred to a Psychological Clinic in the period from September 2018 to Des 2018, which 200 individuals were invited through call. In order to evaluation, both DSM-5 and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Berislin, Lonner & Thorndike, 1973) were used. Afterward, 28 individuals selected voluntarily and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group subjected to 8 sessions of 120-minute treatment of indigenous model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). To identify the themes of Acceptance & Commitment Therapy and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, were referred to relevant scientific texts and specialists in these fields. After identifying treatment themes, experts in Persian literature were referred to identify existing themes (poems) related to the other themes (treatment themes and PTSD). In order to analyze the data in qualitative section the thematic analysis were used and in the quantitative part Descriptive Statistics & Analysis of Covariance were used. The findings indicated that the indigenous model has effect on PTSD (P<0.5).

inability to adherence treatment is a general and special health problem in the treatment of elderly people with diabetes. therapies Studies have reported on the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy to improvement adherence to treatment, also, motivational interviewing by empowering effect on this behavior. However, compares the effect these in elderly people with diabetes has been overlooked.

the aim of this study to compare the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy & motivational interviewing on adherence to treatment in elderly people with diabetes living in nursing homes and living at home.

Research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post- test with control group. The statistical population consist of all elderly diabetics were living at home and living in nursing homes in Tehran in 1400. Sampling method was Convenience Sampling. 75 people were selected and replaced in 5 groups of 15 people (60 people in 4 experimental groups and 15 people in a control group). Research tools include; The Adherence to treatment questionnaire Seyed Fatemi (1970), cognitive behavioral therapy protocols (Younk et al., 2011) and motivational interview by Miller and Rolink (2019). The data were analyzed using the statistical test of Analysis of covariance with repeated measures and Benferroni test.

The results showed that the two intervention methods of cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interview had a significant effect on adherence to treatment scores in the post-test. The effect of the group was different according to the measurement time levels. The experimental intervention led to changes in the experimental group, which was 0.47 of the total changes caused by the experimental procedure (p< 0.01). Considering that the average of the motivational interview group was higher than the cognitive behavioral therapy, then motivational interviewing was more effective in increasing the adherence to treatment of elderly people with diabetes living in nursing homes and living at home.

Both cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing can improve adherence to treatment in nursing home and home-dwelling elderly with diabetes. The mentioned findings can help therapists to choose the type of treatment.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness based on stress reduction and desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing on self-regulation and post-traumatic stress disorder in students. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design and sampling available. The statistical population of this study was the students of the first and second year of high school in Sarpol-e-Zahab city. After completing the Mississippi Citizenship Scale(Mississippi scale for PTSD, keane, Cadell& Taylor,1998) and the Beaufort Self-Regulatory Questionnaire( Bouffard, Boisvert, Vezeau & Larouche ,1995), 45 adolescents were randomly selected and randomly divided into three groups of 15, including two experimental groups and a control group. The first experimental group underwent desensitization with eye movements for 6 sessions of 90 minutes and the second experimental group underwent stress reduction intervention mindfulness intervention for 8 sessions of 2 hours. All three groups were followed up again 60 days later. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and covariance and Scheffe post hoc test. The results showed that both of the above therapies can improve self-regulation and post-traumatic stress disorder in post-test and follow-up(P<0.05).

Social networking is virtual areas where individuals can create their virtual profiles and make friends with common interests. With the integration of social media into individuals’ everyday lives, it has the potential to affect many parts of human behavior. The purpose of the present study was to investigate mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between social competences with virtual social networks addiction in students. This was descriptive-correlation research. The statistical population was female students in Karaj in year 2023. A sample of 400 students were selected with convenience method. Data collection tools include the social networking addiction scale of Griffiths, social competence questionnaire of Gómez-Ortiz, et al. and social support scale of Zimet, et al. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equations modeling. The results showed significant direct effect of social competence and social support on virtual social networks addiction. Also, the results showed that perceived social support had a mediating role in relationship between social competences with virtual social networks addiction. Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that the relationship between these variables should be taken into consideration in interventions to social networks addiction.

This research was conducted to determine the diagnostic validity of the fifth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-V) in students with learning disabilities in Tehran. The methodological approach employed in this study is specifically within the domain of psychometrics, which is a subfield of methodology studies. The statistical population of this study encompassed all elementary school students (from the first to fourth grade) studying in Tehran during the academic year 2018-2019. The sample size involved 400 students with learning disabilities who were chosen through a targeted and accessible sampling method, in addition to an additional 400 students without learning disabilities who were randomly selected in adherence with the study objectives. This study utilized the fifth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-V) as the primary measurement tool. The diagnostic validity of the assessment was evaluated through the application of sensitivity coefficient and clarity methodologies. Upon examination, the study concluded that the Vocabulary and Information subtests (from the Verbal Comprehension Index), Arithmetic (from the Fluid Reasoning Scale), Number Span (forward and backward), Picture Span, Letter-Digit Sequencing, and Letter-Number Sequencing (from the Working Memory Scale), as well as Coding, Cancellation (random), and Cancellation (structural) subtests (from the Processing Speed Index) hold diagnostic validity. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fifth edition of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-V) possesses diagnostic validity and can effectively distinguish students with learning disabilities from those within the normative range.

People with body deformity disorder suffer from anxiety in different areas of their life due to their perceived defects and they are often attacked by disturbing or unwanted images and thoughts about their physical appearance, and as a result, their quality of life and daily functioning decreases, so the research The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between sexual schemas and body image through the mediation of perfectionism and dysfunctional beliefs in people with body deformities in the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province.

The current research method is correlational and structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research was made up of people who referred to the beauty clinics of Mazandaran province (the cities of Amol, Babol, Sari and Qaimshahr). Based on Klein's opinion, the sample size was 330 people selected in a purposeful and random way. The data collection tool was Anderson and Siranoski's gender schema questionnaire, Ten Sooto and Garcia's body image satisfaction questionnaire, Trishort et al.'s perfectionism questionnaire, and Wiseman and Beck's dysfunctional beliefs scale. In this research, SPSS22 and Amose23 software were used to analyze the information obtained from structural regression equation modeling.

The results of the research showed that the lower limit is 0.46 and the upper limit is 0.65 between the two variables of perfectionism and ineffective beliefs as mediating variables between gender schema and body image. The confidence level for this confidence interval is 95. Considering that zero is outside this confidence interval, this relationship is a significant mediator.

considering that the extent to which people pay attention to their appearance largely depends on the schemas related to appearance. These body patterns are used as a cognitive format to evaluate a person's appearance and body image emotions - the body image is the shape that a person has of his body in his mind. When contextual trigger events occur, body image thoughts and emotions trigger adaptive and self-directed activities or coping strategies. Disturbance in these emotional, behavioral and cognitive elements of body image is the core of the pathology of anorexia nervosa, anorexia nervosa and body image disorder.

In their research, the authors aim to predict the level of psycho-spiritual development through cognitive inefficient beliefs and guilt-feeling in those suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OSD). The research design is a description of the type of correlation. The statistical population included 600 patients with OCD who referred to counseling centers in Qom city with the main complaint of OCD, from whom 240 individuals were selected as sample members using purposeful sampling method. Answering the Yale-Brown obsession questionnaire and having an obsession severity score higher than 7, the sample members were selected; they also answered the cognitive inefficient beliefs questionnaire, the Jan Bozorgi psycho-spiritual development questionnaire and the Googler and Jones guilt questionnaire. Regression analysis was carried out in the process of data analysis. The results suggest that the variable components of cognitive inefficient beliefs helped as a whole to predict 21% of the variance of the psycho-spiritual development level scores in OCD patients. Likewise, the study of beta coefficient suggests that among the components of cognitive inefficient beliefs, only that of perfectly doing things could meaningfully predict the level of psycho-spiritual development variable. Findings did not confirm the second hypothesis of the research based on predicting the level of psycho-spiritual development through guilt-feeling in OCD patients.

The family, as the most fundamental cultural and social institution, has the most stable effect on its members, so that people's attitudes, behaviors, beliefs and emotions are deeply influenced by the family context. The bricks of a family are based on the emotional ties and personal trust of each couple, which is not only comfort for the individual, but also for the whole family. The absence of each parent in the family environment due to divorce disturbs its balance, weakens the functions of the family, and reduces social supervision and control. As a result, addiction and delinquency, physical problems, psychological and social disturbances, and disorders of behavior increase in children. Children of divorce face intellectual, emotional, identity and social challenges in groups of friends due to receiving social stigma, which forms the basis for behavioral disorders in them. Therefore, The present study was conducted to develop a psychological capital training package and evaluate its Effectiveness on the alexitimia of the Students Engaged in Divorce with Externalized Behavior Disorder.
 
The research method of the present study was thematic analysis through comparative method in the qualitative part and quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design and two-month follow-up period in the quantitative part. The statistical population of the present study included the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior disorder who were studying in the first high school in the academic year 2020–21 in the city of Isfahan. 40 students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior disorder were selected through the purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 20 students). The experimental group received ten 75-minute sessions of psychological capital training over two and a half months. 3 people from the experimental group and three from the control group quit participating in the study. The applied questionnaires in this study included alexitimia questionnaire (AQ) and children and adolescents behavioral inventory (CABI). The data from the study were analyzed through a mixed ANOVA via SPSS 23 statistical software.
 
The results showed that the psychological empowerment package enjoys suitable content validity from the experts’ viewpoint. Furthermore, this package has had an effect on the alexitimia (f = 17.02, eta = 0.35, p≤0.001) of the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior disorder. In addition, the results showed that the effect of the psychological empowerment package was stable on the alexitimia of the students engaged in divorce and the externalized behavior disorder of the patients with follow-up stages. After carefully examining the descriptive findings, it was found that the psychological empowerment package reduced the alexitimia of the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior disorder in the pre-test and post-test stages.
 
According to the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that psychological capital training can be used as an efficient method to decrease alexitimia in the students engaged in divorce with externalized behavior disorder through employing the fundamentals of resilience, optimism, hope and self-efficacy. In addition, it should be said that psychological capital is introduced as a structure beyond social and internal capital and includes your identity in the direction of "what you are" and "what you can be". This process can cause changes in people's emotional processing and reduce their alexitimia.

In the framework of the model, this research has investigated boredom based on goal orientation and self-efficacy with the mediation of students' procrastination. The statistical population of this research includes all high school students in Tehran, out of which 490 students were selected by random cluster sampling. To collect the research data, G. Sharp's boredom questionnaires (2021), Oliver and McGregor's achievement goals questionnaire (2001), Mejli et al.'s academic self-efficacy questionnaire (2000) and Sawari academic procrastination questionnaire (2010) were used and the collected data collected was analyzed using the path coefficient and structural equation method using SPSS version 23 and Amos version 24 software. Also, Seville test was used to measure the effect of the mediating variable. The findings showed that the variables of self-efficacy and goal orientation It has a direct, negative and meaningful effect on academic boredom and work procrastination. Also, according to the amount of t, procrastination has a direct, positive and significant effect on boredom. It is worth mentioning that the coefficients were significant for all direct paths. On the other hand, the results of indirect effects showed that each of the variables of goal orientation and self-efficacy with the mediation of procrastination has an indirect, negative and significant effect on boredom. These findings indicate that the structural model of boredom is based on goal orientation and self-efficacy with mediation. Procrastination is a good fit.

The present study aims to done investigate evaluation of the structural model for predicting early maladaptive schemas based on childhood trauma with mediating role of attachment styles in students.

The statistical population of this researcher was all students who were studying in Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University in the academic year of 2020-2021. Aaccording to convenience sampling method, 380 people was selected as samples and they were asked to fill in Young schema questionnaire – short form version 3 (YSQ-S3) of Young and Brown (2005), short form of the childhood trauma questionnaire (the CTQ-SF) of Bernstein and et al (2003) and attachment styles questionnaire (ASQ) of Hazen and Shaver (1987). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS-24 and AMOS software was investigated.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between childhood trauma and attachment styles with early maladaptive schemas (P <0.01). The results also showed that most of the direct paths of this study were significant and the indirect paths of childhood trauma were significant through the mediating role of attachment styles on early maladaptive schemas (RMSEA=0/072, CFI=0/935, AGFI=0/968, IFI=0/911, P-value<0/05).

Proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data and based on current research can be used to explain the factors affecting early maladaptive schemas and also as a suitable model for designing comprehensive programs to prevent early maladaptive schemas in students.

The purpose of this research was to develop a model of attitude towards extramarital relationships based on attachment styles, emphasizing the mediating role of confrontational styles and marital intimacy. The current research is a correlational and socio-statistical type, including all people with extramarital relationships or the attitude of ordinary people to refer to welfare, relief committee and counseling centers of Qom province in 2021. 320 people were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. The sample of the research is the attitude questionnaire towards extramarital relationships (Whatley, 2007), adult attachment styles (Collins & Reed, 1990), confrontational styles (Lazarus & Folkman, 1988) and marital intimacy questionnaire. (Walker & Thompson, 1983) were completed. The data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation test and the research model was analyzed by the partial least squares (PLS) structural equation modeling technique and SPSS 27 and Smart PLS 3 statistical software. The results of the path analysis test showed that the research model has a good fit. Examining the mediation results showed that confrontational styles have a significant mediating role in the relationship between secure style, avoidant style and ambivalent style with attitudes towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that the escape and avoidance strategy have a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style and avoidant style with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that positive reappraisal strategy has a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style and ambivalent style, as well as ambivalent with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). Also, the mediating role of marital intimacy variable in the relationship between safe, avoidant and ambivalent style was confirmed (p<0.05). It can be concluded that confrontational styles and intimacy play a mediating role in relation to attachment styles and attitudes towards extramarital relationships.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of compassion-based mindfulness training on hope and personality type D syndromes in cardiac patients with ICD. The research method was a quasi-experiment with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study were cardiac patients who had referred to Rasht hospitals from the beginning of 1400 to the end of September 1400 for the purpose of ICD implantation. Using simple random sampling, a sample of 30 people was selected. The data collection tool was the life expectancy scale of Snyder et al. (1991) and the type D personality type scale of Denault (1998). The experimental and control groups were pre-tested using research tools. Then, compassion-based mindfulness training was implemented for eight sessions for the experimental group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. At the end of the intervention, the experimental and control groups were post-tested using research tools. Three months later, a follow-up test was conducted for both experimental and control groups. The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that the training of hope-based compassion awareness (P<0.01) and D personality type syndromes (P<0.01) is effective in heart patients with ICD. These results were sustained in the three-month follow-up. The use of compassion-based mindfulness therapy can reduce the treatment-care costs of patients; Therefore, it is recommended to specialists along with medical interventions.

schema therapy and meaning therapy and to determine its effectiveness on the level of psychological well-being, marital burnout and marital conflict of women involved in emotional divorce. It was done with the design of uneven groups (experiment and control) with pre-test-post-test. It included all women eligible for emotional divorce in Tehran city who referred to Atiyeh Psychology Clinic in 2017, the sampling method was available. According to the opinion of the psychologists and consultants of Atiyeh Clinic in 2017, they were eligible for emotional divorce, and also their score in Guttman's Emotional Divorce Questionnaire was one standard deviation higher than the mean (29 points), and 132 people were selected as the initial sample size. The initial sample size of psychological well-being, marital distress and marital conflict questionnaires was given, among these people 132 people who answered the questionnaires (psychological well-being, marital distress and marital conflict) in the pre-test conditions. 73 people had the screening conditions. Among the screened people (73 people), 30 people were randomly selected and replaced in the meta-diagnostic training group based on cognitive behavioral therapy, schema therapy and meaning therapy (15 people) and the control group (15 people). The research included: Riff Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire, Marital Discomfort Questionnaire, Marital Conflicts Questionnaire (MCQ), Gutman Emotional Divorce Questionnaire. To analyze the results of the methods of descriptive statistics (prevalence,frequency percentage, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics: to investigate the research, a pre-test and post-test design with a control group was used, and the analysis of covariance statistical test was used to test the hypotheses. spss20 software was used for statistical analysis of data. The results indicated that the research hypotheses were confirmed, which means that the effect of treatment based on meta-diagnosis of cognitive therapy,

In the last half of the last century, marriage has been influenced by many factors due to cultural changes, which have changed the committed relationships of people. Among these factors, we can mention extramarital relationships or infidelity. The purpose of this research was to develop a model of attitude towards extramarital relationships based on attachment styles, emphasizing the role of confrontational styles.

The current research is of the correlation type and the statistical population includes all people with extramarital relationships or the attitude of ordinary people towards welfare, relief committee and counseling centers of Qom province in the year 2021. 320 people were selected as the sample of the study by sampling method. The sample of the research paper included attitudes towards extramarital relationships (Whatley, 2008), adult attachment styles (Collins & Read, 1990) and confrontational styles (Lazarus & Folkman, 1988).

The results of the path analysis test showed that the research model has a good fit. Examining the mediation results showed that coping styles have a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style, easy style and ambivalent style with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that escape strategy has a significant mediating role in the relationship between safe style and avoidant style with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05). The findings showed that the re-evaluation strategy has a significant mediating role in the relationship between secure style and ambivalent style, as well as ambivalent with attitude towards extramarital relationships (p<0.05).

Coping styles play a mediating role in relation to attachment styles and attitudes towards extramarital relationships.

The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting nomophobia based on attachment styles with the mediating role of loneliness in adolescents.

This research design was correlational and structural equation modeling. The research sample consisted of 500 working students studying in the second secondary course in the academic year 2020-2021, who were selected by online sampling method. Yıldırım and Correa's Nomophobia Questionnaire (2015), Collins and Reid's Adult Attachment Scale (1990) and DiTomaso et al.'s (2004) Loneliness Scale were used to measure the research variables. Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation model.

The findings showed that the direct paths of this research of avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles were significant except for the perceived secure attachment style on nomophobia. Also, the results of the modified confirmatory factor analysis show (P = 0.001, F = 0.626) and the results indicate a good fit of the measurement model with the data; and all observed variables had a factor load higher than 0.3. In the other part of the results related to the direct paths, attachment styles were significant on the feeling of loneliness. Also, all the indirect paths of attachment styles through the mediating role of loneliness on nomophobia were significant. Also, the findings show that attachment styles and feelings of loneliness can predict 54% of the changes in nomophobia. The coefficient of determination of the variable feeling of loneliness is equal to 38% in the moderate to strong range.

Therefore, variables of perceived attachment styles are predictors of nomophobia in adolescents

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and craving for consumption with predicting people's return to stimulants with the mediation of self-control. This research was method descriptive-correlative. The statistical population of this research included all people who used stimulants, hospitalized in care centers in Tehran in 1400 (2019). For sample selection, 250 persons were randomly selected based on the structural modeling formula. In order to collect information, Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale, Franken's Substance Craving, Wright's Substance Return Prediction and Tanji's Self-Control Scales were used. The analysis of the research data, using the path analysis method, showed that there is a positive and significant relationship (P<0.01) between perceived stress and predicting return to stimulants with the mediation of self-control and between drug craving and predicting return to stimulants with The mediation of self-control. Also, there were a negative and significant relationship (P<0.01) between self-control and predicting return to stimulants. Thus, it can be concluded that with increase in perceived stress and the urge to use, the return to use of stimulants increases and the amount of self-control decreases, and with decrease of self-control, the return to use of stimulants increases.

Entering the university is always associated with a range of stressful academic, financial, communication, social and sometimes distance from the family. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the fit of the structural model of maladaptive schemas based on individual trauma and social trauma with the mediation of attachment styles.

The study method was correlational. The statistical population was all the students of Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch, in the academic year 2020-21. The statistical sample consisted of 380 students who were selected online. Hazan and Shaver's (1987) attachment style questionnaire, Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (1998), Bernstein et al.'s (2003) childhood trauma questionnaire, and researcher-made social trauma questionnaire were used.

The results showed that personal trauma has an effect on early maladaptive schemas with the mediation of secure attachment style (P<0.01); Personal trauma with the mediation of avoidant and ambivalent attachment style has no effect on early maladaptive schemas (P<0.05); Social trauma has an effect on early maladaptive schemas with the mediation of secure and avoidant attachment style (P<0.01); Social trauma with the mediation of ambivalent attachment style does not affect early maladaptive schemas (P<0.05).

The results showed that the structural model of maladaptive schemas based on individual trauma and social trauma with the mediation of attachment styles in the students of Islamic Azad University of Karaj has a sufficient fit; Therefore, providing the right environment from childhood can help reduce mental and personality disorders in the society.

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and emotion focused therapy on alexithymia of people suffering from marital conflict.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with two experimental groups and one control group. From the statistical population of women referring to the clinics of the 1st district of Tehran, 45 people were selected using the available method and replaced in three groups using a random method. The research tool was emotional ataxia (Begby et al., 1994). First, the pre-test of alexithymia was performed for all three groups, then schema therapy and emotion-focused therapy were performed for the experimental groups, but no intervention was applied for the control group; Finally, the post-test and the follow-up test were performed for all three groups.

The results of the repeated measurement test showed that both schema therapy and emotion-oriented groups are effective in reducing alexithymia (p>0.01). Bon Feroni's post hoc test showed that emotional therapy is more effective than schema therapy (p>0.01).

it is suggested to use emotion-focused therapy to improve the alexithymia of people with marital conflict.

Several factors have a role in the formation of sexual function, some of which have been identified in previous studies. This study was conducted to investigate other factors that may not have been identified in previous studies. In this regard, the aim of this study was to investigate and determine the psychological factors affecting women's sexual function.

The method of this study was qualitative with interpretive approach and themed analysis method. Based on the purposeful sampling method, the data of this study were saturated with 13 married women from April to June 2020. In-depth semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. Data were analyzed by themed analysis method.

Findings showed the categories explained "sexual knowledge", "sexual attitude", "sexual self-efficacy", "sexual intimacy", "sexual redress" and "sexual self-efficacy".

It seems that when women perform sexual activities for themselves certain rights such as demanding sexual activity, accepting the existence of intimacy in sexual relationships, etc. They believe that they achieve a positive perception about sexual activity in marital relationships, which can contribute to optimal sexual function

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on emotional eating behavior, emotional dysregulation, perceived stress, and rumination in women with chronic obesity.

The current research was part of the semi-experimental designs with pre-test-post-test-follow-up with control group. The statistical population of the current study included all women with chronic obesity and body mass index who referred to the Kian nutrition counseling clinic in Tehran between May and July 2022. In order to form two groups using the purposeful sampling method (taking into account the entry and exit criteria), first 30 women with chronic obesity and body mass index were selected by screening method and then randomly 15 patients in the experimental group and 15 patients in the group The witnesses were grouped. The program of compassion-focused treatment sessions during 8 90-minute sessions was formed for the experimental group based on the protocol of Neff and Germer (2013). Also, the follow-up phase was performed three months after the post-test on all three groups. The research tools included the emotional eating behavior questionnaire of van Strein et al. (2009), the emotional dysregulation questionnaire of Gratz and Romer (2004), the perceived stress questionnaire of Cohen et al. (1983) and the rumination questionnaire of Nolen Hoeksma and Marrow (1991). The data of the research were analyzed using repeated measurement analysis of variance test.

The results of data analysis showed that the treatment focused on compassion in the participants of the experimental groups compared to the control group had a significant effect on improving emotional eating behavior (F=115.83, P<0.001), emotional dysregulation (F=98.10, P<0.001), perceived stress (F= 101.53, P<0.001) and rumination (F= 74.52, P< 0.001) in women with chronic obesity and body mass index.

Therefore, it can be concluded that compassion-focused therapy improves emotional eating behavior, emotional dysregulation, perceived stress, and rumination in women with chronic obesity.

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the diagnostic validity of the fifth edition of Wechsler's intelligence scales for children in the neuropsychological characteristics of students with learning disabilities in Tehran. The present study was subset of methodological studies. The number of 400 people with learning disabilities who were selected using a targeted and available sampling method and 400 normal people who were randomly selected from among all male and female students between the ages of 7 and 11 in Tehran in the academic year of 2018-2019. In line with the purpose of the research, the fifth edition of the Wechsler Children's Intelligence Scales (2014) was used. The collected data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and SPSS software (Version 23).The study finally revealed that vocabulary and information tests (from verbal comprehension index), Block design with time point (from Visual-spatial index),arithmetic (from fluid reasoning scale), number span (direct), number span (reverse), picture span, letter-digit sequencing and letter-number sequencing (from working memory scale),and coding, cancellation (random), cancellation (structural), (from Processing speed index), had diagnostic validity.The fifth version of the Wechsler IQ Scales for children has diagnostic validity in the neuropsychological characteristics of students with learning disabilities and can distinguish students with learning disabilities from normal students.

The family is the place to satisfy various physical, intellectual and emotional needs, and having awareness of biological and psychological needs and knowing how to satisfy them and being equipped with techniques and recognizing biological and psychological tendencies is an undeniable necessity. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of teaching emotion management strategies based on emotionally focused couple therapy (EFT) and schema-based couple therapy on couples' communication patterns.

The present semi-experimental study used a pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The studied community included all couples with marital dissatisfaction who referred to the psychological clinic of Tankabon, Iran, to solve their problems; And the research sample included 45 couples who were selected by purposeful sampling and were randomly divided into three experimental groups: 1 (15 couples), 2 (15 couples) and control (15 couples). The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of teaching emotion management strategies based on emotion-oriented couple therapy (EFT) and schema-based couple therapy on communication patterns of couples. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA, Shapiro-Wilk, Lunn, Bonferroni and Greenhouse tests.

The results indicated that training emotion management strategies based on emotion-oriented couple therapy (EFT) and schema-based couple therapy increased communication patterns compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of teaching emotion management strategies based on emotion-oriented couple therapy (EFT) and schema-based couple therapy on communication patterns of couples in the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.05). And teaching emotion management strategies based on emotion-oriented couple therapy approach was more effective than schema-based couple therapy in communication patterns of couples.

As a result, emotion training and self-awareness training is an effective method in increasing communication patterns of couples.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of executive functions training on the self-control and social competence of children with low self-control. It was an experimental study consisting of pre-test, post-test, control group, and two-month follow-up period. In the academic year 2021-2022, the statistical population of the study consisted of Tehran primary school children with low self-control. 26 children with limited self-control were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups through multistage cluster sampling. The experimental group received eight 75-minute executive functions training sessions. This research employed the Children’s Self-control Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Social Competence Questionnaire (SCQ). Using SPSS-23, the data were analyzed using a mixed ANOVA and Bonferroni Follow-up test. Executive functions training has a significant effect on the self-control and social competence of children with limited self-control (p<0.001). Using techniques such as increasing attention, concentration, and accuracy, organizing activities, avoiding response, and controlling impulsivity, the present study concludes that executive functions training is an effective method for increasing self-control and social competence in children with low self-control.