فهرست مطالب حامد صفری

 Ageing is associated with physical changes where balance impairment is one of  important consequences. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of an 8-week dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) program on the balance of older men.

Thirty-six older men (age: 66.5±1.02 years, height: 171.8±1.17 cm, and weight: 75.4±2.16 kg) were purposefully selected based on the inclusion criteria. They were then paired based on the functional reach test score and randomly assigned to exercise (n=18) and control (n=18) groups. The pre-test and post-test assessments included the functional reach test and the Y balance test. The exercise group performed the DNS exercises for eight weeks (three sessions of one hour per week), while the control group performed their routine daily activities. The collected data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS software.

 There was a significant interaction effect of time and group on the scores of both functional reach test and Y balance test (F(1,23)=12.17, P=0.002, η2>0.35). From the pre-test to the post-test phase, there was a significant improvement in the exercise group, while no significant improvement was reported in the control group.

 The DNS program can affect the balance of older men. It is recommended to use these exercises to improve their balance.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of coherent central stability training program on the jump-landing pattern and balance of students with trunk defects. The statistical population of this research included all students of Imam Khomeini Naval Academy in Nowshahr. 30 students with trunk defects were selected as a statistical sample of the research through the double leg jump test and were randomly assigned to two control and training groups. In order to evaluate the static and dynamic balance, the Stork and Wai tests were used, and the jump-landing error was evaluated with the landing error scoring system test. Then, the training group performed consistent central stability exercises for 8 weeks and three sessions per week. All the subjects of the training group completed 24 training sessions and the subjects of the control group did their general activities during this period. The post-test was done like the pre-test and post-test. Ancova test was used to compare the differences between the research variables due to the application of the exercise program, and the correlated t test was used to evaluate the changes within the group. All statistical analyzes were performed using SPSS version 24 software. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the results of landing error score (P<0.001), static balance (P<0.001) and dynamic balance (P<0.001) in the post-test between the two groups (0.05). ≥P). According to the obtained results, it seems that central stability exercises can be effective in improving the balance and landing jump pattern, thus reducing the risk of injury.

The high strength low alloy (HSLA) 100 steel has been widely used in various industries such as shipbuilding, military, oil and gas. An increase in yield strength with a reasonable toughness is highly demanding in this steel. In the present study, the quench-tempering heat treatment was investigated to improve mechanical properties of this steel. The samples were austenitized at 930 °C for 1 h followed by water quenching. They were then tempered in the temperature range of 410 and 710 °C for 1 to 4 h. Microstructures of the heat treated specimens were evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy, while mechanical properties measured by hardness, tensile, and toughness tests. The results showed that microstructural changes during tempering took place mainly after 650 °C, where the martensite laths and acicular ferrite transformed to polygonal ferrite. The yield and ultimate strengths were increased by increasing tempering temperature from 410 to 525 °C, beyond which both was dropped up to 710 °C. The maximum yield and ultimate strengths were obtained by tempering at either 525 °C for 1 h or 475 °C for 2 h. Increasing tempering temperature and duration both resulted in an increase in the absorbed impact energy.

The commitment to ethical frameworks is accepted in all groups and professional communities to improve the conditions for achieving common goals and values. In developed countries, professional ethics codes of urban planning have been developed and are constantly being revised and reformed, including the United States (AICP), Australia (PIA), the United Kingdom (RTPI), Canada (CIP), and others. These codes are accompanied by compulsory programs for implementation, and various courses are held to train and promote the professional behavior of planners.Despite the attention of various professions in Iran to the preparation of professional ethics guidelines, in urban planning, given the history of planning and development programs, this issue has been neglected and no effort has been made to develop professional ethics guidelines for Iran’s urban planning. None of the upstream documents of urban planning address the issue of preparing professional ethics guidelines for urban planning. In urban planning and urban development projects, the sensitivity and impact of decisions will be on a large part of the society due to the dependence of projects on the components of communication, purposefulness, and manpower. This study aims to analyze the dimensions of the process of preparing professional ethics guidelines for urban planning in Iran and discovering the dimensions and process, formulating patterns and relationships between dimensions, achieving a perspective and explanatory narrative to the preparation of professional ethics guidelines for urban planning in Iran. The questions on which this research is based are as follows: How is the process of preparing a professional ethics guideline for urban planning in Iran analyzed? What are the dimensions and factors influencing the preparation of professional ethics guidelines for urban planning in Iran? How can the patterns and relationships between dimensions be formulated in the preparation of professional ethics guidelines for urban planning in Iran? What are the perspective and explanatory narrative of the dimensions of preparing professional ethics guidelines for urban planning in Iran?

Among the most popular research paradigms, including Positivist Approaches, Interpretive Approaches, and Critical Approaches, the approach of this research is interpretive, and its method is the grounded theory. In addition to understanding the phenomenon under study, this method also emphasizes the development of a theory appropriate to it. According to the main question and aim, the selected version of grounded theory for this research is dimensional analysis provided by Leonard Schatzman. The dimensional analysis provides a good opportunity for research in this field by paying attention to the ‘whole’ of what is involved in the phenomenon or situation under consideration. According to the subject and aim of the research, the interviewees were defined into three general categories, including those who had experienced the process of preparing and approving urban plans, those who were involved and experienced in the implementation and monitoring of plans, and the academic community of urban planning. A number of the most experienced people from each category were selected based on availability. In this study, in-depth interviews were selected as the data gathering tool because the participant gained experience by being in the position and in this process, the researcher discovers the meanings.In the present study, nine interviews were conducted. According to the dimensions that emerged from each interview, new people were selected for the next interview. After nine interviews and dimensionalizing as a step-by-step process, two hundred initial dimensions emerged. At this stage, according to the common features and by examining and comparing them, nine main dimensions emerged, and other dimensions were included as a subset and characteristics of these dimensions.

Based on the findings of applying dimensional analysis and based on the evidence gathered in this research, the critical mass was identified in five main dimensions: attitude towards the public culture of the society, attitude towards the administrative and organizational culture, attitude towards the laws and plans, attitude towards the change and attitude towards the religion, ethics, history and civilization of Iran. An explanatory narrative was presented following this central dimension and perspective and its relation to other dimensions.

According to the final perspective and explanatory narrative, it seems that if there is to be any change in Iran's urban planning system, including the development of guidelines for professional ethics in urban planning, the perspective and central dimension is paying attention to the prevailing attitude towards Iran’s urban planning system, as well as the existing attitude and belief in the effectiveness of guidelines and laws in Iran. Other dimensions and factors must be analyzed considering this perspective and the central dimension.

Marginalization and unofficial housing is a phenomenon that has followed structural changes and emerging socioeconomic problems such as rapid urbanization and unstable migration in most countries, especially in third world countries. Given the increasing volume and trend of such settlements, different approaches have been proposed to solve the problem of marginalization.One of these approaches is to empower citizens to accept citizenship rights and move towards public participation. The overall objective of this research is to identify the factors that facilitate the empowerment of suburbs in Isfahan. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 10 general and 45 specialized questions whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test at 0.852. The statistical population of the study was inhabitants of Asheghabad neighborhood with a sample size of 157. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and structural equation modeling in AMOS software.The result of applying t-test at 95% confidence level with a significance level less than 0.05 confirms the effectiveness of all the variables studied. The results also show that achieving empowerment of the residents of Asheghabad neighborhood by improving effective indicators in five physical, social, cultural, environmental and economic dimensions with covariance weights of 0.82, 0.78, 0.73, 0.56, 0.53 that the highest efficacy was observed in the physical dimension.

the main purpose is analyzing the indices and factors of creative tourism in rusty contexture of Joybare in Isfahan.

the method of the study is descriptive analytic and the tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with 55 general and special questions. The statistic population was inhabitants of Joybare in Isfahan about 11363 people. The sample size was calculated 156 people by Sample Power software. Validity was face validity and reliability was 0.923 by Alpha Cronbach’s coefficient. Analytic and inferential analyses have been performed by SPSS, one sample T-test, ANOVA, LSD, Duncan, and friedman tests.

The results of t-test shows that status of factors of cooperation, service and welfare facilities, reconstruction and mending, cultural attractions and historical monuments have been less than the mean average of the test. Informational factors, advertising, creativity, and value creation have been in half average status in tourism.

the results of ANOVA test with significant level of 0.009 demonstrate inequality of the average of the status of factors of development of creative tourism. For confirmation of the difference of the effect of the investigated factors; creativity and value creation in tourism along with notifying and advertising have been put in a separate group. In the results of the rating the status of the indices of creative tourism by friedman test, the highest level of average at first step is related to the variables of creativity and value creation and next to reconstruction and mending.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tooth-supporting tissues that is caused by specific microorganisms, which results in degeneration of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone and causes gingival recession. In recent years some evidence has emerged on the relationship between human herpes virus and periodontal diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of HSV-1 virus in periodontal pockets of subjects with chronic periodontitis in Qom, Iran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 92 subjects with chronic periodontitis were collected from Hakim and Ali-ibn Abi-Talib Clinics in Qom in 2016-17. Real-time PCR technique was used to evaluate HSV-1 infection of patient samples. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 20 in terms of the relationship between age, sex and intensity of chronic periodontitis and the incidence of HSV (α = 0.05). In this study, three cases (3.3%) of HSV were found in subjects with chronic periodontitis. There was no relationship between chronic periodontitis, age and sex and HSV-1. The results of this study suggest further screening techniques and more accurate techniques to detect HSV-1 and larger sample sizes to clarify the role of HSV-1 in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis.

Oral health is a key component of general health and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine knowledge, attitude, and performance of medical and dentistry students of Qom University of Medical Sciences in the field of oral and dental health.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was completed by 152 dentistry and medical students of Qom University of Medical Sciences. Using the questionnaire, information on age, gender, knowledge, attitude, and performance of medical and dentistry students of Qom University of Medical Sciences in oral and dental health, were collected. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05.
In this study, the mean age of the students was 20.98±2.03, and 50% of them were male. Overall, 45.4% of the students, had high knowledge and 51.3% had positive attitude towards preventive oral and dental care. In multivariate logistic regression model, there was a significant relationship between being male and lower level of knowledge, and there was a significant relationship between being female and studying Dentistry with positive attitude. The Possibility of regular use of dental floss was more reported among female students and students with high knowledge. Also, high knowledge had significant association with dental check-up in recent past year.
The results of this study indicated that the status of knowledge, attitudes, and self-care performance of students about preventive oral and dental care, is at average level, and therefore, designing coherent programs for improving these variables, is necessary to promote personal and professional performance in preventive oral and dental care.

The purpose of this research is to study the effects of communication skills on management skills between sport managers. The research is descriptive and conducted through a survey. The population included 700 sports managers while the sample was opted by stratified random. Measurement tools contained questionnaires including Barton J communication skills، management skills questionaires with reliabilities of (0. 81، 0. 88)، respectively. Inferential statistical method and structural equation model (SEM) were utilized in order to investigate the effects of observed variables on latent variables. The results showed that there exists a significant different between management skills amonge several sport managers and significant different between man amd woman sport managers. Also according result of Structural Equation Modeling communicational skill effect on management skills (0. 89). Hence، the results of the implementing measuring models for the route analysis of communication skills confirmed management skills between sport managers as well as of the conceptual models of this research.