حسن عشوری

Nowadays، universities and higher education are considered as a means for economical، social، and cultural development of each country. This study aimed to determine the satisfaction of students of medical laboratory sciences from educational، research، and welfare services offered by paramedical faculty of Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences. This was a descriptive-analytical study included150 samples from medical laboratory students by stratified- random sampling. Information required were collected by distributing a questionnaire with 60 questions. Then the data were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA. Therefore، the results showed that mean score of students'' satisfaction from all services was 157. 6 which mean score of educational، research، and welfare services were 91. 4، 58. 0، and 8. 0 respectively. Results also revealed that 53. 4 %، 60. 3، % and 58. 3% of students between age group under 20 years، 20-22 years، and over 22 years have high- satisfaction from all services، respectively (P = 0. 00). regarding to the satisfaction; educational and research services were high، welfare services was low، and total services were intermediate. Therefore، officials should improve all services specially welfare ones to the students.

Tissue conditioners are used to manage irritation of denture bearing mucosa. These liners، however، promote adherence and colonization by Candida Albicans which can be prevented by incorporating antifungal agents into them. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the stability and duration of antifungal effects of nystatin and fluconazole mixed with a tissue conditioner on colonization of Candida Albicans. In this experimental study، antifungal test disks were prepared using tissue conditioner mixed with nystatin and fluconazole. Similar drug free tissue conditioner disks were prepared as controls. The disks were immersed and kept in artificial sterile saliva until used for susceptibility test. They were placed on the Sabouraud dextrose agar plates streaked with C. Albicans inoculum and using the agar diffusion test، colonization inhibitory effects were evaluated in one، two، three and 5 day intervals based on saliva immersion period. The mean inhibitory zone around disks at different time intervals were analyzed with SPSS15 software using ANOVA and Tukey’s statistical tests for multiple and pairwise comparisons respectively. The average diameter of inhibitory zone around nystatin and fluconazole disks after 24hour of immersion in saliva were 11. 2 and 8. 6 mm respectively. The difference in the mean zone of inhibition was statistically significant after 24 hours (p=0. 0001) and 48 hours (p=0. 013). This difference was not statistically significant after 72hours or 5 day interval. (P>0. 05) The stability of nystatin and fluconazole mixed with a tissue conditioner is not adequate and antifungal effects are seen only for 72 hours while in contact with saliva. Optimum antifungal activity could be expected in the first 24 hours. Nystatin exhibits higher inhibitory effects compared to fluconazole.

Rather than complete denture, continuous contact of oral mucosa with cigarette smokes caused disorders in natural function of saliva, which can motivate oral candidiasis. The aim of current study was to compare the Candida colonization in saliva of smoker and non-smokers with complete Denture. In this study, saliva from 42 smokers and 42 non-smokers having complete denture, were collected and cultured onto Sabouraud dextrose agar plates. Isolated Candida colonies were enumerated and identified using Germ tube test and culture on Corn Meal Agar plates. Frequency and type of isolated Candida colonies were analyzed using Chi-square and regression statistical tests. However there wasnt seen and statistical differences between the mean of isolated Candida colonies from saliva of both studied groups, but Candida albicans were more isolated from non-smoker saliva, though non-albicans Candida species were commonly isolated from smokers’ saliva with denture (P=0.037). A higher colonization of non-albicans species in saliva of more than 60 years old smokers was seen (P=0.037) in compare with non-smokers. More isolation of non-albicans Candida species from oral cavity of smoker denture users in comparison with non-smokers and their resistant to common anti-fungal, there are need for closer control and inspection of oral cavity in smokers.

Denture stomatitis results from colonization of oral Candida on the surface of denture acrylic base. To control this infection،Candida biofilm formation must be prevented using mechanical and chemical decontamination. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Amylase، Papaein and Pepsin solutions on removal of Candida Albicans plaques formed on acrylic resin plates. In this experimental study Candida biofilm was formed on 220 acrylic resin plaques. The average attached Candida cells on 20 randomly selected plates were determined by staining of the plates with Crystal violet and observing them under an optical microscope. 200 contaminated plates were then randomly divided into 4 groups of 50، immersed in 100µg/ml Amylase، Pepsin، and Papain enzyme solutions as test groups، as well as sterile distilled water as negative control group. They were kept in solutions for 8 hours in room temperature. The mean attached Candida cells were determined and data was analyzed using ANOVA and T- test using SPSS software. The average Candida cells attached on to acrylic resin plates on each visual field after decontamintion with Papain solutions was 2. 39±0. 76، Pepsin 7. 14±1. 47 followed by Amylase 8. 22±1. 29، but it was 9. 66±1. 54 in negative control group. The results showed significant differences (P=0. 001). Papain enzyme cleaned 78. 9% of attached Candida cells on acrylic resin plates، whereas Amylase showed minimum antimicrobial properties by removing only 27. 4% of attached Candida cells. Papain solution has maximum effect on removal of Candida from acrylic resin plates

Many studies have suggested the benefits of garlic oil extracts against Leishmania parasites. Recent research has proved that these derivatives (such as allicin) are cytotoxic and therapeutic effects of garlic are in fact due to an odorless compound (S-allyl-cysteine). Considering the small number of studies in this field, we evaluated the effectiveness of S-allyl-cysteine on survival, apoptosis, and proliferation of Leishmania major promastigotes in vitro. In this study Leishmania major promastigotes (MRHO/IR/75/ER) were used. The parasites were first cultured and then treated with S-allyl-cysteine at end concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0, and 50.0 mM. Their survival, apoptosis, and proliferation was assessed after 72 hours. None of the concentrations of S-allyl-cysteine could induce apoptosis in parasite promastigotes. Lower concentrations (5.0 and 10.0 mM) of S-allyl-cysteine had greatest effect on proliferation. On the other hand, direct observation showed that cultures comprising S-allyl-cysteine at end concentration of 20.0, 40.0, and 50.0 mM formed more rosettes. The antioxidant effects of S-allyl-cysteine have been previously proved. Similarly, this study showed that some concentrations of S-allyl-cysteine could affect the survival and growth of promastigotes in culture medium. Therefore, this substance seems to be a good stimulating factor for growth of parasite promastigotes in culture media.