حسین کاظمیان

The available dyes in the Reseda luteola are widely used in dyeing textile fibers, especially hand-made carpets. In the dyeing of cellulose and protein fibers, a significant amount of these dyes remain in the dyeing effluent, which causes environmental pollution. In this research, the synthesis and characterization of a metal-organic framework (MOF) containing an amino group has been investigated in order to remove the dyes present in the dyeing effluent. Dye removal conditions have been optimized by the single-parameter method, and the effect of effective factors such as the initial concentration of the dye, amount of adsorbent, and pH have been investigated. The results show that the synthesized MOF can remove the highest amount of dye in a solution with an initial concentration of 240 mg/l at pH 5, time 120 minutes, ambient temperature, and amount of adsorbent 0.07 g. Also, the kinetic data and adsorption isotherm show that the rate of dye removal follows intraparticle diffusion and Freundlich isotherm. The adsorption process is exothermic and physical adsorption process.

Bacterial biofilm assumes importance across various contexts, including chronic human infections, dental plaque, and infections associated with foreign bodies such as catheters. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, recognized for its biofilm-forming capacity, is implicated in the onset of diverse infections. This study aims to explore the correlation between biofilm production and resistance to distinct classes of beta-lactam antibiotics.

In this cross-sectional investigation, 113 wound samples from burn patients admitted to Tehran and Ahvaz hospitals in 2020 were collected. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were identified using conventional biochemical and molecular methods. Antibiotic resistance profiles were elucidated employing the disk diffusion method, while beta-lactamase genes were identified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20 software.

Forty isolates of P. aeruginosa, all exhibiting biofilm-producing capabilities, were identified. Carbapenem resistance manifested in 16 isolates, with the predominant beta-lactamase genes being blaTEM (15 isolates), blaVIM (12 isolates), and blaCTX-M (8 isolates). The highest resistance was observed against cefotaxime, cefazolin, meropenem, imipenem, and piperacillin, with 16 strains displaying resistance to these antibiotics. In the examination of carbapenemase-producing isolates (40% of the isolates), robust adhesion capabilities were consistently observed, and none lacked biofilm formation.

Significant antibiotic resistance, particularly carbapenem resistance, was identified among P. aeruginosa isolates causing burn wound infections. The combination of carbapenem resistance with biofilm production poses a formidable challenge in managing infectious diseases. It is suggested that, in addition to combating microbial resistance, efforts should be directed towards the eradication of bacterial biofilm for effective treatment.

 Root canal treatment failures are often attributed to incomplete removal of bacteria, particularly Enterococcus faecalis. While, chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite serve as conventional treatments. herbal medicine has been today considered as an alternative to synthetic medicine due to its safety. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the antibactrial effect of Scrophularia Striata extract with chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus Faecalis in the tooth root canal.

 In this study, sixty extracted teeth were examined. Following the infection of dental canals with Enterococcus faecalis, materials were tested in 3 groups: 1) chlorhexidine 2% (18 teeth), 2) sodium hypochlorite 2.5% (18 teeth), and 3) Scrophularia striata (at the concentration obtained from MIC, 20%; 18 teeth). Additionally, the positive control and negative control were included (3 teeth in each group). Samples were then cultured on bile esculin agar. After 72 hours, black colonies were eaxamined. Chi-squared test was used to analyze the results.

 Enterococcus faecalis bacteria grew in 6, 8, and 17 out of the 18 teeth within the sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and Scrophularia striata extract groups, respectively. Consequently, the bactericidal effects for sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and Scrophularia striata extract were 66.6%, 55.5%, and 5.55%, respectively.

The antibacterial effect of the Scrophularia striata extract was significantly lower than chlorhexidine and sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis in dental canals viewed as a suitable replacement to the already in use synthetic therapeutic irrigants.

The socio-political environment of the world has always been a complex space, and this complexity has, in the past decades, become the challenging point for analysts. Moreover, the dominant feature of the socio-political space and the crises of the last two decades are: “playmaking of trans-regional powers”, “the conflict between the interests of countries and the geopolitical rivalries between them,” “transitory and unstable coalitions,” the crisis conditions for the emergence of crisis groups, and, “the flow making or trend making by different countries”. These characteristics have led the political-social events to move forward in chaotic manner along the lines of conflict and cooperation. In this paper, the “semantic system” method is used, and by tallying the concept of “butterfly effect” with the chaos theory of James Rosina and formulating the semantic system, we try to test the hypothesis of the study. Furthermore, at the end of the study, by considering the current socioeconomic conditions and conditions, suggestions are made to help analyze the crises in the complex political space and predict future conditions.in this applied research , the descriptive-analytical method was used. In this regard, in addition to using written sources, complexity theories such as chaos, fractals that are specific to mathematical sciences, selfishness, and exotic attraction and dynamic adaptation were also considered as the line of departure of the study. In this paper, with regard to chaos theory, the factors that provided the chaotic package of socio-political space were factors such as the industrial revolution, literacy, urbanization, the shift of centers of power and authority, the skill revolution and the increase in the number of actors.

In order to investigating the effects of composts containing the natural zeolite- and the Mg-modified zeolites- (CNZ and CMZ, respectively) on some morphological and physiological traits, greenhouse experiments as a completely randomized design with eight treatments and three replications were performed. The results showed that the using compost especially containing Mg-modified zeolites increased plant diameter, plant height, root volume, root dry weight; stem dry weight, leaf dry weight in comparison to the compost free zeolite. With using CMZ amended soils, shoot dry weight increased 11.8% in comparison to the CNZ amended soils. The amount of nitrogen from CNZ- and CMZ-amended soils was approximately 34.68% and 54.47% higher, respectively than that of the free zeolite compost. Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, total Chlorophyll and Carotenoids in CNZ- amended soil increased by 29.22, 44.29, 32.14 and 19.77% respectively, in comparison to the free zeolite compost. While in CMZ, they increased by 34.88, 76.45, 42.94 and 29.58%, respectively. Chlorophyll a, b and total Chlorophyll of leaves increases as the N supply increases. Correlation between nitrogen and chlorophyll content was about 80%. Overall, the use of MSW compost containing modified zeolite would be an efficient method to improve some morphological and physiological traits of corn plant.

Some macroinvertebrate indices of stream health have been identified as most useful and efficacious. Management decisions can be made with greater awareness.The objectives of this study were to assess the biological water of the Hazar River using macroinvertebrates.The Haraz River is one of the best freshwater ecosystems in the Mazandaran province located in the north of Iran.To assess the macroinvertebrates diversity in the study area, Simpson index was used,This parameter is 0.25 of the areaThese include theEPT index The HBI is a index of stream organic. We identified 2 Class, 3order , 16 families of macroinvertebrates. some sites of the case study were indicated to have a very bad condition.Especially, the downstream sites are affected by indiscriminating mining for construction-grade sand from alluvial reaches is among the most disastrous one.Diversity within the benthic macroinvertebrate community was described using the Simpson’s diversity index.The Biotic Index was based on their tolerance to organic pollution , creating the Family Biotic Index (FBI).In this survey, biotic index of Haraz River was 5.72 which places in the rank of fairly substantial pollution likely this survey.

Zeolites are substances that have been renowned for their remarkable nitrogen adsorption capacity resulting of decrease in leaching rate of soil nitrogen. This research was conducted to study the effect of the zeolite dosage, zeolite particle size and the method of application on the nitrate leaching of the soil irrigated by treated wastewater (TWW). All of the adsorption tests were carried out in a 27 PVC columns with 11 cm diameter and 60 cm length. The experiments were consisted of 9 treatments and 3 replications including 2 zeolite application method (mixed and layered), 2 zeolite’s grain size (63-125 and <63 micrometer) and 2 zeolite dosage (2 and 4 percent). Zeolite powders were added to the soil in mixed or layered fashion. The soil columns were irrigated 13 times with TWW in a weekly period. In the 4th, 9th and 13th irrigation event, three samples were taken from input and output TWW introduced to columns to measure the change in nitrate concentration. The results were shown that nitrate absorption rate was increased by average of 164.3% and 350.7% in mixed and layered treatments, respectively compared to the control. The result showed that zeolite application method, irrigation event, zeolite’s grain size and dosage were statistically significant on nitrate absorption efficiency (P<0.01). It shows that as the zeolite size decrease the soil nitrate adsorption increases significantly. It increases when the zeolite percentage increases. The result show that the soil nitrate adsorption decreases as the irrigation event increase and soil adsorption potential degraded with irrigation events.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), also known as atypical mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis are environmental organisms that are normally found in soil and water. Many of the mycobacterial species that have been described in the past decade are involved in human diseases, especially in patients with AIDS and immunocompromised HIV-negative patients. In this study, pathogenicity and clinical significance of new species of mycobacteria were evaluated. A total of 63 new species of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, recognized in the past ten years (2003-2013), were classified in different Runyon groups.Approximately, 40 isolates were reported to infect human. Of these, 27 (67.5%) were non-chromogenic and 13 (32.5%) were scotochromogenic. The majority of the 40 isolates belong to the slow grower group. Photochromogenic species were not pathogenic to human. The most frequent infections included respiratory infections in elderly people and cervical lymphadenitis in children caused by Mycobacterium kyorinense and Mycobacterium mantenii, respectively. NTM also causes disseminated infections, the most frequent agents of which are M. boenickei, M. houstonense, M. neworleansense, and M. brisbanense in immunocompromised HIV-negative persons. Some of the NTMs, such as Mycobacterium riyadhense, are considered the primary pathogens for human. Considering the progressive spread of HIV co-infected mycobacteria in recent years, accurate identification of these agents’ pathogenicity, drug resistance, and appropriate treatment in epidemic regions, such as Iran, is essential.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the most frequent air contaminants which are produced due to industrial processes such as production of chemicals, petrochemical industries and their related industries. These compounds are harmful (even in low concentrations) not only for the environment but also for the human health. One method to control these contaminants is using catalytic beds. In this study we used modified natural Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) to eliminate toluene vapours. In this study, at first natural Zeolite were modified with cooper ions and calsined thermally. Then, the effect of variables such as toluene concentration, reactor temperature, and flow rate on toluene vapours elimination were surveyed by using a tubular stainless steel reactor and modified. It was found that cooper oxide, as a catalyst, led to the considerable decrease in combustion temperature of toluene vapours. Of course, increasing the space velocity (or flow rate) and toluene concentration led to decreasing Zeolite bed efficiency. Regarding the presence of many natural storage of Clinoptilolite in Iran, it seems that its modification with cooper oxide could be a good catalyst for eliminating of VOCs in air.

Zeolites are a series of microporous crystals with intricate pores and channels in the size range from 0. 3 to 1 nm and they have widely been used as catalysts، adsorbents، and ionexchangers. In the present study، rice husk، which is an agricultural waste، was used as silica source for nanozeolite sodalite synthesis. The effect of crystallization time on the final product properties was investigated. The obtained results showed that the crystallization time has significant effects on the structural properties of the synthesized sodalite nanozeolite. Sodalite nanocrystal with crystal sizes ranging from 30 to 60 nm have been synthesized at 60°C and aging of 5 h، without adding any organic additives. Synthesized zeolite was characterized by XRD and SEM.

Rice husk is the major by-product of rice milling industry. In the present study، an optimal approach for extraction of amorphous silica from rice husk is demonstrated. The effects of Leaching and rinsing treatments on the purity of extracted silica are investigated. The importance of amorphous phase of obtained silica is the reactivity of amorphous silica. Initially، rice husk was converted to ash by calcination and then the silica was extracted from rice husk ash by a proper alkaline solution. For this purpose، white ash was obtained by Leaching process on rice husk and heating treatment at 700°C and then obtained white ash dissolved in alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (2M). Subsequently، precipitation by means of hydrochloridric acid resulted in the extraction of active silica with high percentage of purity. The quality and purity of extracted silica was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray Diffraction techniques. The advantage of applied method in the present research over the classic methods of silica production is the reduction of energy consumption، the decrease of extraction temperature and the abundance of raw materials needed for silica extraction.

In this article, MFI nanocrystals have been synthesized in two crystal sizes by two stage varying temperature synthesis procedure using reflux and microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. S-Alumina tubular support was seeded with MFI nanocrystals and ZSM-5 zeolite membrane synthesized on it by secondary growth synthesis technique. Characterization of the membrane by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed formation of monotonous zeolite film. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) asserted ZSM-5 crystalline structure in this membrane. Four different gases including H2, CO, N2, CH4 were used for investigation of permeation process through the synthesized membrane. The effect of pressure and temperature on permeability and selectivity was investigated. The best permeance result was obtained wa 2.58× 10-8 mol/ (m2.s.Pa) for H2 at 298 K and 1.2 bar feed pressure.

Backgrounds and Hexavalent Chromium is an important contaminant in surface and ground waters and removal from contaminated water and waste water has received interest in recent years. Modified Zeolite with cationic surfactant can remove Cr(VI) from contaminant water. The aim of this research is investigation of Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solutions and its effective parameters by using Modified Zeolite with cationic surfactant.In this research the efficiency Of Cr(VI) removal and impact of the important parameters including adsorbent dose, pH and contact time in the batch system was studied.The results of this research showed that SMZ can remove more than 90 & Cr(VI) in the concentration 0.1-1.25 mg/l with optimum dose 0.3 gr and pH=6 120 minute in contact time. Modified natural zeolite have significant potential inCr(VI) removal fromcontaminated water.Maximumpercent removal ofCr(VI)was in the pH=6 and 120minute contact time.Adsorption data in the equilibrium was fitted with Langmuir isotherm. Separation factor was between 0 and 1 that indicates the favorable condition for Cr(VI) adsorption on the SMZ.

In this research, the synthesize possibility of Potassium Nickel Hexacyanoferrate complex on natural clinoptilolite, as a support for removal of Cs+ and Sr+2 from radioactive waste, was investigated. Previous work showed that in the high concentration of sodium ion the sorption of these radionuclides on zeolites is low, therefore we enhance the efficiency for the purpose with loading Potassium Nickel Hexacyanoferrate complex on clinoptilolite. First Potassium Nickel Hexacyanoferrate complex was synthesized and characterized using ICP-AES, XRD and SEM methods. Then the structure of clinoptilolite and the complex loaded zeolite were characterized using IR, EDS, SEM and XRD methods. Sorption of cesium clinoptilolite and potassium nickel hexacyanoferrate-loaded clinoptilolite (CFC) was determined in the presence of various concentration of sodium ion. Results showed the sorption of CFC was improved in comparison to its original natural clinoptilolite.

In this research fly ash (FA) from Iran Ferrosilice Company was converted to zeolite A by hydrothermal procedure. The type and quality of produced zeolite depends on the composition of used FA, concentration of sodium hydroxide solution, and parameters such as temperature, reaction time and liquid/solid ratio. The fly ash was fused with sodium hydroxide at 550°C for 1 hour followed by dissolution in water and hydrothermal treatment. It was found that the solutions of fused powders can be occurred at 90°C under hydrothermal condition to precipitate zeolite A. In order to evaluate its ion exchange properties, cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the synthesized zeolite A were also measured.