فهرست مطالب خانم الهام شیردل

Evaluating the interaction and dialogue among people of different religious traditions as participatory, constructive, and positive, at both the individual and institutional levels which leads to increasing acceptance of others, this paper aims at investigating and understanding the grounds for reapproach among religions in the province of Sistan and Baluchestan, South-East of Iran. Based on the method of "Grounded Theory," the research was conducted with 25 residents of Zahedan County using a theoretical sampling method and semi-structured interviews. The findings were coded according to the Strauss and Corbin method. Finding reveals that the factors contributing to the promotion of a culture of interfaith nearing in Zahedan County include cooperation in the academic environment, increasing interrelationships as well as using educational methods which encourage and promote positive and constructive relations with the people of other religions, extension of conciliatory religiosity model as well as shifting from religious animosity to peaceful coexistence, in the shadow of peace and mutual respect.

The issue of the future is one of the biggest human issues. Since the beginning of its history, mankind has been trying to predict the future, from weather conditions to predicting the events of people's lives. As human mentality became more complex and human societies became more civilized, the issue of the future took on more complex dimensions. In general, it is possible to distinguish two different types of attitude towards the future, or in general, two types of "future". First, the meaning of the term "future ahead" (both in the short-term and long-term sense) is the idea that a person has of the state of a certain issue in a certain time or period of time. And there is also a special idea of the future, which means the final destiny and destiny in general. This kind of future is the end of history. The main question of this research is what are the futuristic elements of Hegel's thought? According to the research method which is based on documentary and library studies based on the first-hand works of Hegel and his followers, It was found that: Hegel's view of the future is dialectical according to his scientific method. He believes in historical essence and sees everything as historical. Also, the fundamental elements of Hegel's thought about the future are: existence and identification, causality, interaction, freedom, plasticity, time, dialectics, and the philosophy of history.

The study emphasizes the exacerbated areas of conflict and distance between religions and sects in Iran’s southeastern province of Sistan and Baluchestan. Within the framework of a qualitative study and based on the grounded theory, interviews were conducted with 25 residents of the province over a six-month period. Following the principle of theoretical sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. The findings were coded and analyzed through the Strauss and Corbin method. In open coding, the interviews were read multiple times, resulting in the extraction of approximately 95 meaningful concepts. These were then synthesized into 7 main and abstract categories as well as 16 subcategories. Finally, a core category "conflicting forces and disintegration of interactions between religions and sects," which is comprehensive and concise, was extracted capturing all the main categories and narrative of the data. This research demonstrates that factors such as discrimination, non-acceptance of others, lack of wisdom among some religious scholars, and the absence of free discourse in a socio-cultural context shaped by economic problems and influenced by geographical factors as well as the intervention of factors such as extreme ethnic and religious prejudices, led to the formation of an extremist and biased network with internal and external interests, which work towards preventing interaction between religions and sects. The outcome of this process is humiliating and insulting actions of people, as well as a change in their perception of religion.

According to Mathis Kalmin, the question of "what makes intergroup marriage important from a sociological point of view" lies in its inherent dynamics: intergroup marriage does not merely reflect the boundaries that currently separate groups in the society, but also has the potential of cultural, social, and economic changes". (Rodriguezgarcia, 2015:25). Sistan and Baluchistan Province is one of the southern provinces of the country, which has a diverse ethnic and religious structure. From the distant past until now, there has been inter-group marriage among the different ethnic and religous groups and in this province. Today, due to the social, political, and cultural changes inside and outside the country, this issue has become more intense and important. Since ethnic and religious divisions in themselves have the potential to create and intensify social conflicts, inter-group marriages can be effective in reducing and adjusting these conflicts. Due to inter-group marriages, the absorption and integration of groups within each other are accelerated and cultural and social cohesions increase.

This research sought to analyze the semantic system of religiously different couples living together in Sistan and Baluchistan Province. Due to the sensitivity of the situation of the studied society and acquisition of deep and real information from qualitative research, in addition to discovering a conceptual model of this process based on the participants' points of view, the grounded theory methodology was used. In fact, the researcher sought to create a theory by examining and studying those, who were involved in similar action or interaction processes (Strauss & Corbin, 1999). To select the participants from different parts of Sistan and Baluchistan Province and due to the restriction of religious heterosexual marriage and lack of easy access, a targeted sampling method was firstly utilized.The selection criteria of the participants were based on the different religions of the couples living in Sistan and Baluchistan Province and their other differences and dissatisfaction with their married lives. In this research, the couples, who differed based on the type of religion in Islam, were selected in a way that one of them was Sunni and the other was Shia. The couples’ qualities of married life were determined by asking them to express their opinions about the following issues at the beginning of the interviews: satisfaction of married life with the spouse, feeling of regret for marrying a person of a different religion and recommendation of this form of marriage to others (for example, how is the relationship between you and your spouse now? What advice do you have for a girl and a boy, who want to get married in a similar way? Why do you want to marry a person of another religion? Have you ever regretted marrying your wife and why?). In case of expressing dissatisfaction and regret and disagreement with the spouse, more exploratory questions were asked (for instance, Describe your experience of being married to a person with another religion? What was your biggest disagreement during this period of your life? What happened when a disagreement occurred? How was it resolved? What were the circumstances that led to the disagreement? What consequences do you think marriage with a person with another religion has?). After analysis and classification of the interviews and comparison of their categories, the theoretical sampling was applied to complete the conceptual model.

Discussion of Results & Conclusion :

Despite the predominance of consanguineous marriage in Iran (Hashmi et al., 2013), the different forms of non-consanguineous marriages are especially observed in Sistan and Baluchistan Province as a province with a diverse cultural context. Due to the expansion of social dynamics and interactions in the modern world and the clash of different cultures with each other, the possibility of the formation of heterosexual ways of marriage in societies increases. What is important is that the regulations within the family are not the same among different social and cultural groups and marriage between two different cultures may lead to conflicts and family tensions in the absence of suitable contexts. Family conflict is different from other forms of conflicts because the family context is more compatible with the idea of unity and coherence, as well as completeness of relationships and close ties. The findings of the present research indicated that the couples under study experienced many family challenges and conflicts in the religious heterosexual family. The conflicts could range from a simple disagreement to acts of violence. People in the different religious families, who had been separated, experienced a different world with different feelings, meanings, paths, and lifestyles. In this way, the couples and their families faced many different challenges and consequences.The inappropriate and risky style of choosing a spouse causes family conflicts in the lives of couples of different religions. The most important factor that, if missing, can increase the family tensions of couples of different religions is non-peaceful and fanatical interactions in the family. In the context of society with cultural gaps, such as religious and ethnic conflicts, people desire for intra-group communications and inter-religious marriages can face many challenges. These challenges affect all family members, including husband, wife and children. It overshadows the quality of family interactions. This social process leads to family disintegration and finally couples and children’s dissatisfaction with their stressful life. Also, the religious heterogeneity of parents brings educational conflicts and mental turmoil to the family, especially to the children, which causes their distance and isolation according to the pluralistic point of view.

The outbreak of coronavirus has had negative consequences in various aspects of human health. Social health as one of the dimensions of human health plays an essential role in all areas of human life and its spread in society can lead to social development. Therefore the purpose of this research is to investigate the social factors affecting the social health of high school students in Zahedan during the outbreak of coronavirus. The theoretical framework of the present study is composed of the theories of Keys, Wales, functionalism, Bourdieu and Baudrillard. In this study, high school students in Zahedan were studied using survey and descriptive-analytical methods. Among the studied statistical population, according to Cochran's formula, 379 people were considered as a sample and based on a simple multi-stage cluster sampling method, a statistical sample with researcher-made and standardized questionnaires was studied. SPSS21 software was used for descriptive and inferential statistical tests. The results of the study show that social factors such as field of study, social support, religiosity, educational facilities have a direct and significant relationship with social health during the corona outbreak, while gender, educational background, ethnicity and mass media have no significant relationship to it.

The transformation of society, the independence of the work environment from the family environment, changes in some other institutions, including the generalization of formal education, and the economic need of households increased society and families' demand for women's employment. In the industry and service sectors, it led to the entry of women into the labor market, and as a result, the number of employed women increased. Therefore, the connection of life with employment or being a housewife is one of the most critical issues for the quality of life of women in society, which can play a fundamental and decisive role in managing the lives of employed and married women. Meanwhile, in recent decades the issue of quality of life has attracted the attention of many scientists. Although it is crucial to study the quality of life of all the strata of society, in the meantime, paying attention to the way of women life and their quality of life can be very effective in improving the health of families, today's and tomorrow's generations, and ultimately the entire society. Considering the change in the lifestyle and traditional roles of women in today's society, as well as their extensive participation in various fields, the present research aims to rank the factors affecting the quality of life of employed and married women. The current research is a type of applied study with the nature of a descriptive-survey research method. The target statistical population in Mehrestan city consists of 16 married women (employed or not) with at least five years of marriage history and a master's degree in sociology, who, due to the unwillingness of some of them to cooperate in research or the impossibility of accessing them, finally 13 (including seven employed-housewives and six unemployeds) experts cooperated in completing the questionnaires and were studied as the statistical sample of the research. It is worth mentioning that due to the limitation of the studied society, an enumeration method was used for sampling. The information in this research is collected from library materials(books, articles, reliable scientific databases), standard questionnaires, and paired matrix questionnaires (experts). To measure the validity of the questionnaire, identifying the factors based on the Likert scale, considering the standard questionnaire, face validity was used, and measuring its reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient shows good reliability. Also, according to the calculated inconsistency rate (less than 0.1), the expert questionnaire has good reliability. Data analysis concluded using AHP hierarchical analysis model and Expert choice software. The findings of this research indicate that among the sixaffecting factors on the quality of life of employed and unemployed married women in Mehrestan city, the social relationship was identified as the main factor. In the following, the social security factor was second, the social support factor was third, the social status factor was fourth, the cultural capital factor was fifth, and the public health factor was ranked sixth. This research showed that women's social ties in their quality of life stands higher than other factors, and social security, support, and status are in the next level. In other words, the most paramount factor in women's quality of life is having a network of healthy social relationships with favorable social security, support, and status compared to others. Cultural capital is also effective in women's access to resources and improving their quality of life. Also, with the increase in women's general health, their quality of life increases. Therefore, it can be accepted that employed married women are attracted to the social framework due to their participation in social activities, and as a result, they do not see a difference between individual and social values, and they have a sense of responsibility and trust towards social values and norms that increase social integration. Therefore, they feel that the community's fate is related to its components, and thet they see the community as a suitable place for their evolution. This positive attitude towards the community and people brings social acceptance and increases the social health of the individual, which, as a result, improves the quality of life of employed married women and increases their psychological security.

The worldwide outbreak of Covid-19 creates significant changes in people's daily lives all over the world. Therefore, the present study can examine the feelings of young people at this point in history (Covid-19). This study used in-depth and semi-standard interviews according to the phenomenological method and context of research. Thus, among the youth of Sistan and Baluchestan, 41 people have been selected and studied by purposive sampling method; Findings were categorized into two main themes, nine sub-themes, and 64 Primary themes. The central theme of emotional transmission in young people shows that the Rapid spread of the disease and its bitter consequences have caused emotional continuity between different social groups, The epidemic of sad life in society, and even global emotion. Another central theme of emotional insecurity in young people consists of the sub-themes, fear, anxiety about the spread and lack of treatment of the disease in the high-risk society, growing frustration, uncertainty, and emotional fatigue resulting from lockdown and corona progression. According to the research results, the youth of this province, along with the problems caused by the Corona epidemic, experienced different and continuous negative emotions such as sadness, fear, despair, indecision, and anger, which provided them with a static and complex emotional life-world. On the other hand, sympathetic feelings and emotional contagion have caused more emotional stagnation and destruction of young people, which seems helpful to pay attention to the needs of young people and the transfer of positive emotional norms to improve their emotions.

psychological and social ability significantly affects women's tendency to entrepreneurship. On the other hand, educational programs improve people's various skills in the field of entrepreneurship. This research was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of this training program on the entrepreneurial attitude and behavior of housewives in Sistan and Baluchistan province. The study is analytical quasi-experimental research. The research community is housewives who enrolled and participated in a training course. The sample consisted of 250 women who were selected by simple random sampling. The tools used in this research were the standard questionnaire on intellectual and social entrepreneurship skills and the demographic questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and paired and independent t-tests at a confidence level of 95%. The mean and standard deviation of the intellectual and social entrepreneurial empowerment scores increased at two points after the intervention. Also, the mean comparison shows a significant difference in each component's scores of intellectual and social empowerment between the pre-test and post-test stages of the intervention. program-oriented training of housewives changed their intellectual and social abilities in the field of entrepreneurship, so virtualization training can also improve the skills of housewives and their tendency to entrepreneurship.

In the era of globalization, religious identity has faced challenges and developments in various cognitive, emotional and experimental dimensions. Girls in today's world are constantly rethinking their religious identity, and various social sources play a role in this rethinking. Thus, the present research examines the social factors influencing the religious identity of teenage girls in Kerman city.

 Methods and Data: 

In this research, the survey method and standard questionnaire tools were used to collect data. 390 people from the statistical population of teenage girls in Kerman were selected by multi-stage random sampling. 

The results show a positive and significant relationship between the independent variables (domestic media, scientific lifestyle, artistic lifestyle, advisory support, sports lifestyle, and social capital) and the dependent variable (adherence to the religious identity of adolescent girls). There is also a significant negative relationship between the use of foreign media, Internet lifestyle, new leisure types, virtual network, and cultural capital and adherence to the religious identity of adolescent girls. 

The regression model with six variables of the foreign media, scientific lifestyle, cultural capital, artistic lifestyle, Internet lifestyle, and social capital, respectively, explained 32% of the variable of adherence to religious identity in girls. Finally, it can be said that a new lifestyle, social capital, and cultural capital play an important role in adhering to the sacred character of adolescent girls. 

Key Message:

 In contemporary society, the religious identity of teenage girls is a product of the network of social relations, media space, and modern lifestyles. Since the basic foundations of identity formation start from a lower age, especially adolescence, the approach of community-oriented recruitment along with cultivation in the first groups and strengthening cultural and media programs to manage inevitable social changes is useful.

The present article emphasizes the contexts of successful inter-religious marriages between heterogeneous couples.

using a qualitative methodology and grounded theory, Deep and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 heterogeneous couples in Sistan and Baluchestan Province selected through theoretical sampling method. Data were analyzed in three stages of coding based on Glaser and Strauss’s grounded theory.

In open coding, 70 concepts were found, and in axial coding, 13 sub-categories and 5 main categories were extracted. The main phenomenon of "cultural tolerance and successful interfaith marriage" are formed in the causal context of "non-prejudiced-religious romantic marriage" and along with the context of "religious diversity and the recognition of religious differences in the family". The intervening conditions of "family culture" leads to strategies such as the "democratic family" that ultimately results in "life satisfaction in an interfaith marriage."

Therefore, the method of choosing a spouse and interpersonal relationship between couples, putting aside prejudices and religious bias in life, considering the common cultural pattern in society and the culture of democratic familyism play an important role in forming a successful interf-religious marriage between couples.

The basic purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between school atmosphere and relationships with friends and social identity among high school girls in Kerman city. In the present study, Giddens and Rutter's theory and survey method were applied with the questionnaire tool. The statistical population of this study is high school girls in Kerman city in the year 2019. The sample size is 380 girl student who were selected by stratified sampling method. The results of the descriptive and inferential statistics obtained from the data with SPSS software show that A) the social identity of the majority of high school girls is at an average level. B) There is a direct and significant relationship between school atmosphere and communication with friends and the social identity of adolescent girls. That is, as the emotional, educational, balancing, confrontational, and expected atmosphere of the school increases, so does the student's social identity. C) Performing multiple regression analysis showed that the four variables of the school confrontation atmosphere, communication with friends, expected atmosphere and educational atmosphere of school have an effect on the intensity of social identity and explain 35% of it. The results of this study indicate that attention to the situation of schools from the formal and informal social dimension and then the normative, educational, emotional, managerial aspects of the school play a vital role in the social identity of girls

Cosmetic surgery has been on the rise, especially in recent decades, and the growing importance of beauty in women and their desire to manage the body, and especially cosmetic surgery beyond the medical dimension, has become a social issue that researchers in social and psychological sciences To conduct research on this issue, among which qualitative studies have each provided an in-depth explanation of part of this phenomenon. Given the importance of an in-depth and comprehensive look at the issue, this study aims to identify the main concepts and general categories of cosmetic surgery among women using the meta- synthesis method. For this purpose, qualitative studies in the field of cosmetic surgery were reviewed and analyzed, in which 14 main concepts and 4 general categories were extracted. It shows that cosmetic surgery in women is influenced by individual perceptions of beauty, family background and friends and socio-cultural and economic structures and leads to negative and positive consequences after surgery.

One of the social institutions affected by the Corona crisis in the world was the family. With this crisis and the need for home quarantine, families experienced new conditions. On the one hand, family members had the opportunity to spend more time together, and on the other hand, they faced challenges and tensions. This study was conducted with a qualitative and methodological-phenomenological approach, and the sample group consisted of 41 young people from Sistan and Baluchestan who were selected by purposive method. Data were then collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed by Colaizzi method. The main themes were four main themes: changing patterns of family communication, escalation of conflict and domestic violence, anxiety disorders, and economic vulnerability of families during the corona. Families in the Corona epidemic faced a decrease in communication actions due to home quarantine and reduced family interactions and rituals, and on the other hand, the growth of virtual communication between families as well as an increase in communication actions between members. In addition, with the increase in the presence of all members in the home at the beginning of the epidemic, conflicts in families have become more pronounced and all kinds of domestic violence have spread among members. Coronary heart disease with all threats to public health and physical health of families It has also been associated with the development of anxiety disorders. In addition, with the economic crisis caused by the corona, families have faced living problems as well as occupational injuries. This research was conducted at the beginning of the corona epidemic, and providing a comprehensive analysis of the family and corona will require research at different time intervals.

The ontology of marriage is discussed as one of the important epistemological foundations in the formation of the family in the school of Islamic mystics and with regard to marriage in names and finally in the human world. Tankah in the mystical system is depicted in a way that explains how to create multiple units. This repentance requires activity and passivity that flows throughout the universe; From the divine essence to the material world. What causes this rebirth in the whole universe is love and affection. Divine love is the cause of the creation of names, and being active and capable in the divine matter and the natural system is the cause of the creation, and acceptance of the divine matter, by the natural world. In Islamic mysticism, marriage is a suitable context for self-improvement and service to the family and personal and spiritual excellence because mystics consider earthly love as a necessary path to achieve divine love. In this research, first the divine names and attributes have been discussed and then, from the perspective of Islamic mysticism; Its extension in the human world, and between men and women in the matter of marriage; Has been analyzed. Considering that one of the challenges of modern life is a mechanical view of the issue of marriage, by explaining the principles of Islamic mysticism, we can consider a marriage in which the element of lust is involved, a meaningful and sacred relationship, taking into account feelings and emotions. Which is original in itself and causes the polishing of the soul and physical health and spiritual promotion.

Childbirth is one of the most important events in women's lives and a bridge for them to enter the maternal stage and accept a new role in the family. Due to the need to promote natural childbirth in the country, in this study, women's lived experience of the emotional link between wife and husband and successful natural delivery studied using the phenomenological methodology and in-depth interviews. Twelve participants were selected from among Tehran's first-born women by purposeful sampling. In this study, according to qualitative and phenomenological research, the sample size was determined based on the theoretical saturation criterion to achieve the research goal and lake of new information's appearance. The collected data analyzed by the Colaizzi method. This study's central theme is the spouse's emotional role in vaginal delivery, which is extracted from three sub-themes of the spouse's positive emotional attitude about natural childbirth, spouse's emotional participation during birth, and spouse's emotional protection after delivery. It seems that the emotional connection between husband and wife in this during can create a more pleasant experience of birth in women and increase women's desire for a natural birth. Indeed, Childbirth is a process that begins with the choice of the type of delivery, and it continues until the full recovery of women after childbirth. The emotional interaction of spouses plays an essential role in the passage of this stage and women's lived experience.

The purpose of the present study is to review the perspective of the Qur’an on the election/incumbency of women. In this regard, the religious references and texts based on the verses of the Noble Qur’an were analyzed using an analytical-critical method. The results indicate that women should have high political participation to maintain the Islamic government. The Noble Qur’an regards men and women from the same human essence and truth. The critical analysis of the Qur’anic arguments of the opponents of women’s competence for the presidential incumbency showed that the Qur’anic verses are not contradictory with the women’s governance. Besides, the Qur’anic arguments mentioned by the opponents of women’s governance are not by any means general and for all the time periods among humans and societies. With reference to some Qur’anic verses such as Princess Sabā’ as a successful ruler, it is implied that the Noble Qur’an does not forbid the presence of women in the social realm. The view of those who support women’s government with reference to the Qur’an conveys that there is no gender preference for men’s incumbency.

Emotions play a valuable role in the activities and shaping the living of individuals and families. Religious feelings during illnesses such as the Covid 19 pandemic help people to cope better with disease by creating positive attitudes. This study aims to use a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenology to understand the religious and emotional life experiences of families to adjust to the Coronavirus crisis in the context of Sistan and Baluchestan province. In this study, 40 males and females were interviewed using in-depth interviews and purposive sampling. The criterion determining the sample size was to reach the theoretical saturation. Using Colaizzi's method of analysis, data were classified into eight sub-themes and 45 primary themes. The core theme of the emotional transcendence of the family regarding the divine source consists of five sub-themes: “facilitating family life with the power of divine faith in Coronavirus conditions, Divine support for eliminating the fear of death in corona conditions, religious family and improving the family mood, positive religious feelings in the family, and Divine assistance in transition from corona danger”. The final core theme  indicates that the construction of dimensions of the transcendence of religious feeling, the pattern of religious feeling regulation, emotional connection with the divine source, and religious feelings, in general, are the reasons for the adjustment of families in Sistan and Baluchestan during the Coronapandemic.

Beliefs, feelings, and national identity of individuals are formed during life, especially during adolescence, under the influence of specific socio-cultural conditions in which a person lives. In the present study, two factors of social capital and lifestyle in national identity have been investigated. This study aimed to examine the effect of social capital on national identity with the mediating role of lifestyle. The studied sample in this research using Cochran's formula was 380 adolescent girls in Kerman 1398 selected by multi-stage random sampling. The nature of this research is applied, survey research method and its tool is a questionnaire. Statistical analysis of data was performed using AMOS and SPSS19 software. Findings showed that social capital has a positive and significant effect on national identity. Also, the mediating role of lifestyle in the relationship between social capital and national identity was confirmed. In addition, the most robust relationship between lifestyle variable and national identity has been observed. The sum of the independent and mediating variables explains 21% of the variance of the dependent variable of national identity. Dimensions of lifestyle such as the use of foreign media, virtual networks, new leisure styles, and body management have a negative relationship with the national identity of girls. On the other hand, dimensions such as domestic media and religious lifestyle have a positive relationship with the national identity of girls.

The sense of belonging organizes behaviors, lifestyle, social interactions, and health of the individual and community. Impairment of this feeling can lead to negative personal and social feelings, a decrease of sense of cooperation, commitment, and loyalty in social, political, economic matters and even in life, and ultimately deviation and crime. A prerequisite for the development of a society is having healthy citizens with a proper sense of social belonging. Accordingly, the present paper seeks to study the contexts of the formation of a sense of social belonging and recidivism by former criminals.
This research has been conducted using the qualitative research method and methodology of Strauss and Corbin grounded theory. In the present paper, based on the criterion of inductive theoretical saturation, 27 former criminals referred to the after-care center of Kerman prison, including men and women, were selected by purposive sampling and interviewed in-depth. The data was analyzed according to the Strauss and Corbin method in three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In this qualitative research for validation have been used strategies of triangulation, member checking, and analytical comparisons.
In the process of information analysis, 43 concepts, 6 main categories, and 1 core category were extracted from the participants’ statements. The main categories of this research are: 1) social misery and trauma in childhood, 2) detachment from school and dropout, 3) lack of social ties and a sense of belonging to a correctional center, 4) lack of a sense of social belonging in family, 5) feeling of belonging to deviant and friendly relations, 6) recidivism. The core category of “lack of social ties and a sense of anti-social belonging by former criminals” indicates that the social ties of former criminals due to inappropriate contexts in life has led to a sense of anti-social belonging and deviation actions and repetition of the crime.
The extracted core category shows that the social ties of former criminalsin the context of life various stages were not formed properly, and were directed towards non-social and negative affiliations. Finally, the lack of social ties of former criminals in childhood, adolescence, family, and school and the feeling of belonging to the correctional center led to a sense of anti-social belonging and their tendency towards bonding and a sense of belonging to a group of deviant friends. The result of this situation is that they fell into the negative pole of recording and repetition of the crime. In general, the core category of “lack of social ties and a sense of antisocial belonging by former criminals” reflects the fact that if social ties and a sense of social belonging are not properly formed in important stages of a person’s life, it has detrimental consequences for them and society. Because it will overshadow other stages and interactions of life such as marriage, married life, making friends, and job. Former criminals’ experience of social segregation, in a variety of ways, lead to their readiness for antisocial activities. Family relationships and social networks are important areas of social exclusion that should be targeted primarily in policies and social work. As a result, the sense of social belonging and social bonds is largely dependent on the interpretations and experiences of individuals in everyday life.

Trust is an essential factor contributing to the police's successful function to maintain order in society. The education system and school play an important role in creating social bonds and trust of adolescents and future community builders in this institution. This study's primary purpose was to investigate the relationship between school atmosphere and confidence in the police among high school girls in Kerman.

In this study, a survey method and a questionnaire used to collect data. The statistical population consists of female high school students in Kerman in 1398, with a sample size of 380 people selected by a stratified sampling method appropriate to the sample size.

The results of descriptive and inferential statistics obtained from the data with SPSS software show that at a significant level of 99%, there are meaningful and positive relationships between the school atmosphere's components and trust in female high school students' police. In other words, with the increase of the emotional, educational, balancing, confrontational, and hopeful atmosphere of the school, trust in the police among female students increases. Also, the variable of communication with friends with trust in the police has a negative relationship. The regression analysis test showed that the school confrontation atmosphere's three variables, contact with friends and school educational atmosphere, explain 15% of the police trust variable changes.

Therefore, the school and its connection with students can facilitate the relationship between police and adolescents and the community.

The emergence of the corona pandemic in various countries, including Iran, make changes both at the macro and structural levels and at the interpersonal interactions and micro-levels, including health-oriented behaviors of people. This research studied with a qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenology methodology the mental meaning and lived experience of the youth of Sistan and Baluchestan province of health in the first wave of the Covid-19 epidemic. The number of 40 youths from Sistan and Baluchestan selected by a purposive sampling method and information was collected using a semi-structured interview tool and analyzed by the Colaizzi method. The pattern of common themes resulting from the analysis of the health-centered lived experience of the youth of Sistan and Baluchestan during the Corona Crisis includes two main themes, four sub-themes, and 34 primary themes. The central theme of "Lack of social health responsibility and endangering public health" is derived from two sub-themes: "Negative reactions to health outbreaks in epidemics" and "Neglectful actions and disregard for collective health." Another prominent theme is the "Dissemination of a health-oriented lifestyle with the Covid-19 epidemic." This theme has emerged of two sub-themes: "Selecting health-oriented patterns in life" and "media influence and spreading health-oriented awareness." In the first wave, with the advent of the Covid-19 epidemic, young people experienced both the spectrum of social irresponsibility and the risk of collective infection to media consumption and a health-oriented lifestyle, which prevents social coherence for achieving collective health and relief from this crisis.

The increase in crime commission rate and recidivism in women is mostly due to the various voids that exist within their lives and the social structure. It could result in not only material but also spiritual damages for the individual, the family, and society. By applying the qualitative method and grounded theory, this research takes a look at recidivism in female ex-offenders in Kerman, and how their families have shaped. In the present study, based on the criterion of theoretical saturation, 13 of the pre-recorded woman prisoners in Kerman were selected through theoretical sampling and studied with an in-depth interview. In the process of collecting and analyzing information, Strauss and Corbin grounded theory method used, and eight subcategories, three main categories, and one core category emerged from the contributor interviews. The central causes of “lack of familial cohesion in the lives of recorded women” are family disruption, incompetent parents, and miserable family life. In other words, recidivism by women could be the result of family problems, such as divorce and the issues that children, addiction and deviation of the parents and husband, lack of supportive parents, unusual construction of family, aggressive parent-child interactions, economic and cultural poverty in the family. Not only these problems pose a threat to the cohesion and solidarity of the family, but they also pose a threat to the security of society. 

Religion is one of the oldest and the most role playing foundation in human societies, especially in Iran, which has gone through various stages throughout history. Religious life contains a special position in the doctrine of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and encompasses one of the main current concerns in the future of religion in the post-Corona world. This study tries to consider the changes occurring in the religious life of Iranian society caused by the Corona pandemic in the world. This is an analytical-descriptive research. The events and changes which have taken place in Iranian society at this era have resulted in new and different alternative in the field of religion. These changes will lead the religious life of the Iranian society through a path directed to  outcomes that are going to happen in the possible scenarios in the future of the religious life in the post-Corona community. The suggestion of changing the religious life paradigm by increasing religious rationality, as well as developing religious rituals will protect the social religious life against the challenges and crises, and we can expect a reasonable and stable religious life in Iranian society.

Factors affecting on heterojunction quantum dot solar cell’s efficiency includethickness of wide band transparent semiconductor and quantum dot layers, doping level of quantum dots layer and the type of metal used as anode. This paper represents a simulation of a structure consisting of a layer of short ligand coated PbS quantum dots and a layer of ZnO semiconductor and gold anode using COMSOL Multiphysics v5.4 x64. The primary model had 2.62% efficiency for a cell with a Schottky contact between anode and quantum dot layer and 7.95% efficiency for a cell with an ohmic contact. A sweep in doping level of quantum dots layer for 1015, 1016 and 1017 cm-3 led to 7%, 7.95% and 5.2% for ohmic contact and 2.6%, 2.62% and 2.2% for schottky contact, respectively. A sweep in thickness of PbS quantum dot layer from 50nm to 100nm resulted in an advance in cell’s efficiency from 2.1% to 2.91% for a cell with a schottky contact and from 7% to 8.12% for a cell with an ohmic contact, as a conclusion to increasing the depletion region’s length, hence an increase in electric field in the junction area. In addition, ZnO layer’s thickness from 70nm to 150nm showed a decrease in efficiency from 9.4% to 6% due to limitation of exciton’s diffusion length. These excitons are recombined before being harvested by anode and cathode.

The high consumption of nitrogen-containing fertilizers in the agricultural lands of Freidan is resulted to increasing of the nitrate concentration in drinking water in some of the underground water wells even higher than allowed amount. Therefore, the aim of this study is survey and zoning of nitrate concentration in groundwater resources in Freidan using Geographic Information System (GIS). This study is analytical-cross sectional. In this research, nitrate concentration determination carried out by spectrophotometry according to standard method and compared with WHO guideline (50 mg/l). Then zoning of nitrate concentration in groundwater resources in Freidan was investigated using Arc GIS 10.1 by IDW and Kriging methods. Findings: The results of this study showed that in half of the wells in Freidan, nitrate concentration was higher than the WHO guideline. Also, nitrate concentration zoning using GIS in groundwater resources was showed that the wells including high nitrate were located in central and southern regions of Freidan. Improper irrigation methods and excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers by untrained farmers can increase nitrate in groundwater resources. So should consider arrangements for farmers Training related to reduction of these fertilizers consumption.