خداداد داوری

There are many risk factors that predispose nurses to sleep disorders. In one hand, sleep disorder affects health and safety of nurses and patients and on the other hand, risk factors of this occupations raise the prevalance of sleep disorders and their complications. this study was done cross-sectionally on 190 nurses of Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran, Iran. We used sleep impairment index for insomnia, Epworth sleepiness scale for excessive daytime sleepiness, Martinez method for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and sleep disorder was defined as insomnia or hypersomnolance. prevalence of sleep disorders, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and narcolepsy was, 83.8%, 81.5%, 33.1%, 12.1%, 3.7%, respectively. Using multivariable model, just shift work was significantly effective on prevalence of sleep disorders. We determined the prevalence of important subtypes of sleep disorders in nurses by standard self-report questionnaires and physical exam. Many risk factors that other studies in western countries have shown their importance, cant affect the prevalence of sleep disorders in Iranian nurses. To find the true reason for this issue, we suggest that a study must be done to compare occupation definition, Job, and task of Iranian nurses with western nurses.

Occupational exposure to styrene can lead to various psychological and somatic complaints including color vision disorder that can occur even in low concentrations. Color vision disease is an early clue for effect of styrene on human, which can be used as an appropriate screening method in workers exposed to styrene.

Working in waxy foundry is a job with exposure to styrene. This study has been performed to evaluate color vision of workers who work in this factory. When considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35 waxy foundry workers and 62 workers unexposed to styrene were assessed. To determine color confusion Index we used Launtony D15 d test to discover yellow-blue color vision disorder. Urinary mandelic acid in end shift of the first workday was measured as biologic exposure monitoring.

There was no difference in age between cases and controls (P=0.2). Color confusion index in cases was significantly higher than control group (P=0.017). Urinary mandelic acid of cases was in the range of 1000-1400 mg/l that indicate daily exposure to more than 50 ppm (OSHA PEL) of styrene. There was no significant correlation between uric mandelic acid and color vision disorders (P=0.93). There was no correlation between age and color vision disorders too (CC=-0.01).

Exposure to styrene in a concentration above permissible limit can cause color vision disorders.