داریوش غفاری

Muscular dystrophy is a common genetic condition that causes progressive loss of physical function. This study seeks to explore the lived experiences of boys with muscular dystrophy in Kermanshah.

The research methodology used in this study is phenomenological. The sample size consists of ten boys diagnosed with muscular dystrophy in Kermanshah. The sampling method was purposive, and data was collected through in-depth interviews.

Based on the data analysis, there are two main themes that emerged. The first theme is the Continuation of External Quality, with sub-themes including Broken Individual Communication, Corrupted Identity, Endless Everyday Life, Social Isolation, and Bio-fragility. The second theme is Feelings and Concerns, with sub-themes such as Feeling Anxiety, False Hope, No Surrender, and Shame and Fear of Losing Parents.

The study reveals that individuals with muscular dystrophy face unfavorable social and individual status. Therfore, it is important to enhance public spaces and urban transportation, ensure the implementation of laws that facilitate their employment, introduce social and cultural policies to change people's attitudes towards them, plan their capabilities through national media, review existing laws, and provide support packages to improve their situation. Additionally, the participation of NGOs should be facilitated to help reduce harm.

Discussing the rights of citizenship in society refers to the enjoyment of the rights of individuals in asociety of all individual and social rights. Accordingly, this research has been conducted with the aim ofstructural analysis of the role of citizenship rights components on the level of social capital of upper and lowerclasses of Isfahan in both marginalized and marginalized regions. The method of the present study is a surveybased on the time criterion; the cross-sectional, in terms of its nature, is practical and in terms of scale. Thestatistical population of the study consisted of men and women aged 15-60 (young people) living in Isfahan intwo regions with marginalization. The protected area includes the Mardavij and the marginal area, includingthe Arzanan and Darak neighborhoods, with a sample size of 384 and a total of 768, based on the Lane table.The results of structural analysis show that, due to coefficients, the effect of citizenship rights on social capital issignificant in two different marginalized and well-off societies. Considering the coefficient of influence (0.49) ofthe effect of citizenship rights on social capital of the marginalized area Most of the effect of citizenship rightson social capital of the region is (0.31). In general, both of these effects are significant, but the social capitalmeasurements have shown that according to the coefficients, the size of social capital is greater than that of themarginalized region

The present research aimed to explore the semantic system of drug-using women regarding the obstacles to drug dependence treatment and short-lived treatment.

The method of this research was qualitative of grounded theory type. The statistical population of the current research included drug-using women in the city of Kermanshah, 15 of whom were recruited using the purposive sampling method. An in-depth and semi-structured interview was used to collect the data. Simultaneously with the data collection, coding and analyzing were performed in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding.

Three main categories, including lack of formal support, lack of a treatment service development platform, and fear of difficult life events were obtained, and main categories constituted of 16 sub-categories, including lack of child care plan, normalization of pregnancy services, limited mobility, inflexibility of treatment plans, limited capacity of the centers, intolerance of interruptions, interactional separation, lack of education, lack of decision-making power, limited awareness of gender differences, generalization of men's addiction to women, fear of losing custody of children, shame and stigma, fear of loneliness, fear of relapse, and indetermination.

Based on the results, the current conditions of treatment are not suitable for women. Therefore, changing people's attitude toward the illness of drug-using women and their reformability, paying attention to women as an efficient element when formulating a comprehensive treatment plan, trying to create a favorable family environment for the drug user after treatment, trying to increase the level of awareness about women's treatment, establishing public treatment centers for drug-dependent individuals, and trying to legitimize the treatment of drug-using women should be taken into consideration.

The importance of culture in knowledge creation is because a great deal of knowledge has been learned as a culture from previous generations. Therefore, organizations need to examine organizational culture before undertaking knowledge management. If an organization understands its type of culture, it can consider the degree of appropriateness between its knowledge management practices and the culture for a specific business environment. the purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of different organizational cultures based on Cameroon and Queen's Competitive Values Framework on knowledge creation process in Kermanshah Public Libraries.

This study is descriptive based on the purpose of data collection and on the way of data collection. The study population was 87 managers and staff of Kermanshah General Department and Public Libraries. Based on the Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size was 70 people. 51% (73%) answered the questionnaire. Data collection was done by library and field methods.

the results of regression analysis and t-test show that organizational culture has a significant impact on the development of knowledge creation process in Kermanshah public libraries. Also, organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on the process of socialization, externalization, composition and internalization of knowledge in these centers. Market culture the dominant culture in these centers is that it has a positive and meaningful impact on the composition of knowledge. The study of the status of knowledge conversion showed that it is oriented towards the socialization and externalization of knowledge. Path analysis results showed that market culture had a direct effect and indigenous culture, adhocrasi culture and hierarchical culture had an indirect effect on the knowledge creation process. Based on the results of path analysis, an experimental framework was presented.

Market culture is the dominant culture in public libraries. This is the kind of competitive and resultant culture. Leadership style is based on productive competition and strategic emphasis on competitive advantage and market superiority, so library compliance with the environment and adaptation to the needs of the organization are essential. On the other hand, it is about the process of creating knowledge to pay attention to the socialization and externalization of knowledge. This situation is consistent with Nonaka's and Tacuchi's theory, which emphasizes the importance of hidden knowledge in the process of knowledge creation, and that outsourcing is the main process of knowledge creation.

Official reports show that the structure of marriage is at risk of high rates of instability and divorce. The purpose of this research is to explain the lived experience of Kermanshah women of the instability of married life. The qualitative method of phenomenology was used to conduct this research. In-depth interview technique was used to collect data. In this research, 20 women of Kermanshah who were selected purposefully were interviewed. To analyze the data according to the characteristics of this research, the seven-step Claesian method was used. From the data analysis, the three main categories of facilitators of marital life instability (with the subcategories of addiction, unreasonable expectations, unconventional relationship with the opposite sex, gender inequality and unemployment) emotional experience (with the subcategories of feeling of failure, feeling of loneliness, feeling of liberation and feeling frustration) and broken social relations (with the subcategories of reduced social prestige, humiliation by others, non-acceptance by friends and negative stigmas) were obtained. In general conclusion, it can be said that instability as a social problem affects the whole society. Economic programs for change in employment creation, strengthening of ethical foundations, especially social morals, reforming and regulating the normative system in line with expectations, Promoting the culture of referring families to family counseling centers and in the event of disputes, providing various training programs to empower young people to raise awareness about women's rights, education, family, marriage means a proper criterion should be addressed.

Increasing life expectancy and decreasing the level of fertility have led to an increase in the number of old people in the population. This qualitative research was conducted with the aim of describing and how to investigate the meaning of social health among the elderly and with the methodology of interpretive ethnography. The data were collected by in-depth interviews. The population included the elderly (aged over 60 years old) in Kermanshah and 14 people were selected as the sample, based on the theoretical saturation of the interview. For analyzing the data, the interviews were coded and three following core themes were identified: the representation of voluntary presence (including the subsidiary themes of continuing interpersonal communications, continuing family network, and the representation of the quality of inner and spiritual issues), the representation of the quality of physical health (including the subsidiary themes of continuing function, not feeling pain, accepting the responsibility of self-care, and controlling life affairs), and the representation of the quality of spiritual health (including the subsidiary themes of regret avoidance, the fear of separation, and keeping role); so, understanding the elderly's social health can help improve their health, and incomplete information and the lack of knowledge about old age can lead to irreparable damages.

Official reports show that, in addition to increasing drug use in the country, the trend of addiction goes from single genter to two sex) female and man(. Several factors  are effective in the reasons  of substance abuse and addiction, that in interacting with each other to initiate and then addiction. The purpose of this study is to explain the life experience of women who use industrial drugs in Kermanshah. The research methodology is qualitative in the type of phenomenology, the statistical society of industrial drug abuse women in Kermanshah city. Twenty-five subjects were selected through targeted sampling. The interview method was used to collect data. From the data analysis, four main conceptual categories were obtained. The causes of addiction in the main categories of personal and environmental facilitators, substance abuse sensation as the main category of emotional continuity, social consequences of addiction in the main category of punishment of society and the causes of unsuccessful prevention in the form of the main concept of modification and treatment of low-dose Conceptual categories are constructed from 24 sub categories. Based on the results of the study, considering the complexity of the subject, the current fighting conditions are not as responsive to the supply reduction, and the demand reduction methodology, educational programs, economic plans for change, review of laws and prevention programs, and strengthening of supportive programs for the promotion of women To be placed.

The aim of the present research was An Investigation into Therapists and Managers' mind frame in order to find the causes of drug addiction among women in Kermanshah province, Iran. This is a grounded theoretical qualitative study. Fourteen (8 men and 6women) therapists and managers of Drug Control Headquarters in the province were included in the study by both targeted and theoretical sampling techniques. In-depth unstructured interviews were the main data collection method. By continuously analyzing and comparing the data, three conceptual categories were identified including internal facilitators, communicating facilitators, and external facilitators. These original concepts were determined by 9sub-categories religious beliefs and moral weakness, False pleasure, gain easy profit, lock of awareness of the harms of drugs, subculture of drug use in celebration, Folk beliefs about the medicinal properties of drugs, easy access, debility law and Unemployment. In general, based on the core category, it is implied that it is not effective to reduce the supply instead the current methods of fighting along with the demand reduction, educational programs, economic programs and the existing laws must be reconsidered.

The family of staphylinidae (rove beetles) includes 40000 species and has a world-wide distribution. Many species of Paederus have been known for a long time as the causative agent of linear dermatitis. Paederus beetles are attracted to artificial lights in the evening during the hot and humid summer nights. Whenever they are crashed or smeared on the skin they release their toxin called Pederin from their haemolymph. So far, various recommendation have been made to control paederus, but most of them were inefficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the repellency effect of the neem oil (Azadirachta indica Juss), as a personal protection method against paederus beetles. Neem oil was used in three different dosages (2.5, 5, 10 percent) on treated paper inside the ptri dishes. The results showed that protection percentage produced by Neem oil at 2.5, 5 and 10 percent dose was 46.2, 69.3, 84.62 percente respectivly.