ذبیح الله رستمی

Basil with numerous medicinal characteristics is one of the most important plants of the mint family (Lamiaceae). Among the factors affecting the growth and development and the production of effective substances of medicinal and aromatic plants is water, which is more effective than other institutions for reduction. Research has shown that salicylic acid makes plants resistant to environmental stresses. Therefore, in order to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of salicylic acid on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of basil plants under the influence of drought stress, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots based on randomized complete block design in 3 replications in a private farm located in Mahdasht area of Karaj city in 1394-1395 and 1395-1396. Irrigation in 4 levels: I1: 100%, I2: 80%, I3: 60% and I4: 40%. The volume of water required in the main plots and salicylic acid in 5 levels: S1: No application (spraying solution with water net as control), S2: foliar spraying with a concentration of 50 μM, S3: 100 μM, S4: μM and S5: 200 μM were placed in the subplots. The results showed that the water deficit caused a decrease in the number of spikes per plant, the number of hazelnuts per plant, the number of seeds per hazelnut and the 100-seed weight, and the use of salicylic acid increased the number of spikes, the number of hazelnuts per plant and 100-seed weight. Under the influence of water deficit, biological and seed yield decreased and with increasing concentration of salicylic acid, biological and seed yield increased significantly. By increasing the concentration of salicylic acid in all humidity regimes, biological and seed yield also showed a significant increase. Also, the response of basil plant to salicylic acid under drought stress conditions was very significant compared to the conditions of supplying 100% of the plant's water needs (full irrigation). Finally, due to the adverse effect of drought stress on the growth and production of basil plant, it seems necessary to use salicylic acid to moderate drought stress.

In order to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of salicylic acid on some traits and dry matter performance of basil plants under the influence of water limitation, an experiment was conducted in the form of split plots based on randomized complete block design in 3 replications in a private farm located in Mahdasht area of Karaj city in 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 crop years. Irrigation in 4 levels: I1: 100%, I2: 80%, I3: 60% and: I4: 40%. The volume of water required in the main plots and salicylic acid in 5 levels: S1: No application (spraying solution with water net as control), S2: foliar spraying with a concentration of 50 μM, S3: 100 μM, S4: μM and S5: 200 μM were placed in the subplots. The results showed that the simple effects of drought stress and salicylic acid on the traits of stem diameter, inflorescence length, total chlorophyll, carotenoid and plant dry weight at 50% of flowering are significant at 1% level and the interaction effect of these two factors is also significant except for stem diameter. It was significant at 1% level on all studied traits. In general, salicylic acid increased stem diameter, inflorescence length, total chlorophyll and carotenoid, and with more water limitation, salicylic acid showed more positive effects in increasing the mentioned traits. With the increase in concentration of salicylic acid in all drought stress treatments, the dry weight of the bush showed a significant increase. The maximum dry weight of the bush was 3144.88, 3105.45 and 3045.67 kg per hectare related to the concentration of 200, 150 and 100 μM salicylic acid under the conditions of 100% water requirement. The highest dry weight of the bush in severe drought stress (40% water requirement), severe stress (60% water requirement) and mild drought stress (80% water requirement) belongs to the dose of 200 µmol/l salicylic acid, respectively, at the rate of 1596.45, 2033/2033 and 2327/36 kg per hectare. Our study showed that foliar spraying with salicylic acid is more effective in increasing the dry weight of the plant under water-limited conditions. According to the obtained results, it is recommended to use salicylic acid for the production of basil plants in order to adjust the drought stress in climatically semi-arid areas such as Karaj.

Since investment in any field is associated with risk and uncertainty, this article seeks to identify and prioritize investment risks in the industry. Assessing the amount of investment risk in these projects is one of the key issues in the field of investment in industries with advanced technology. What is obvious is that there is a big difference between the business environments and administrative systems of different countries; Therefore, the effective criteria for investment in different countries are not the same. Today, risk management is a suitable solution to deal with risks that may occur in a project. In risk response analysis, risks are often assumed to be interdependent, in fact, risks in a project mutually influence each other, and independent risk rarely exists. In addition, the implementation of the management of various projects, including construction projects, has many ambiguous cases. The purpose of project risk management is to plan, organize, direct and control the activities and processes of a project. in such a way that the positive effects (opportunities) are maximized and the negative effects (threats) are minimized. A systematic process of planning to identify, analyze, respond and monitor project risk. This management includes processes, tools and techniques that help the project manager to maximize the probability of positive event results and minimize the probability of negative event results. By using the complete process of project risk management, it can be claimed that it is the project manager who is the master of the uncertain conditions of the project, not that the conditions and events make the management captive. The purpose of preparing this article was to examine the risks in investment projects and provide solutions to control or reduce them.

Media justice is the first step towards a strong media presence in society. The study evaluated this in the IRIB TV based on the information of the program schedule. In this applied research information was collected through the library method and interviews with a group of experts. In order to study the cultural coverage of the programs based on the nominal scale, the information of 1095 TV programs produced by national channels not needing a digital device to use (includes 36,827 minutes of program without replay, azan, and news from channels one, two, three, four, education and Quran), has been collected and examined by content analysis method. The study population includes the IRIB TV programs, among which the programs of the 16th week of 2018 have been studied as samples. Due to the results based which in 4 demographic-social classes out of the 6 studied classes, less media justice has been achieved, so media justice has been less observed in the national media broadcast schedule.

Geographically, the studied region in Ilam dam watershed is between 46°16'36'' to 46°38'32'' eastern longitude and 33°23'27'' to 33°38'54'' northern latitude. The area of case study is476.5 km2 with the highest and lowest height as 2400 m and 640 m above sea level. In this study, in order to map the landslide hazard zonation of Ilam Cham Gordalan dam basin by weighting the main criteria and using fuzzy membership functions in Arc GIS and establishing the best relationship functions between the presence and absence of landslides, a set of parameters is used. Then, each of the factors affecting landslides in the under-study area such as slope, slope direction, elevation, geology, land use, distance from roads, distance from drainage network, distance from the fault, and rainfall map has been digitized in the software environment of ArcGIS and are used in the fuzzy analysis. Landslide hazard in the under-study area has been zoned using fuzzy operators (Gamma, Product, Sum, Or, And). After the fuzzy fiction phase, the effective measures in the landslide occurrences in the area have been prepared using the above-mentioned method through Gamma fuzzy operators with Lambda 0.2،0.5، 0.8and 0.9 and by comparing final maps, the ideal model for the landslide hazard zonation in the area has been selected. The results show that among the above-mentioned operators, the Gamma operator with Lambda 0.9 is considered to be the most appropriate method for zoning the landslides in this area due to its fine fuzzy fiction of each criterion based on the distribution maps of occurred landslides and the way of separating risk classes.