فهرست مطالب رؤیا کلیشادی

Neurodevelopmental disorders are complex and multifactorial disorders with difficult diagnosis and treatment. Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy may play important roles in neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy on neurodevelopment of children.

This study was carried out as a sub-study of the Prospective Epidemiological  Research Studies in IrAN (PERSIAN) Birth Cohort. Overall, 214 mother-child pairs participated in the present study. Dietary patterns were assessed by 90-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Neurodevelopment outcomes were assessed by child behavior check list (CBCL) and ages and stages questionnaires (ASQ).

In syndromic scale of CBCL, western diets at first trimester increased the risk of emotional disorders (p = 0.045). At third trimester, significant negative relationships were seen between the healthy diets and sleep disorders (p = 0.047), fatty diets and sleep and internalizing disorders (p = 0.017 and 0.012, respectively), western diets and sleep and total problems (p = 0.026 and 0.046, respectively). In scales based on diagnostic and statistical manual (DSM), positive relationships were reported between the unhealthy diets and anxiety disorders (p = 0.049).

Results indicated that maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy might affect the neurodevelopmental outcomes of children. Further studies to identify associations between dietary patterns and neurodevelopment are needed.

The present research was conducted to predict mental health based on three factors: nutrition, activity, and leisure time, among students in the adolescent age group, using data mining techniques.

The present analytical study was conducted on 14274 data available in the Caspian 5 database. According to the CRISP-DM method, data mining was done in 6 steps using decision trees, k nearest neighbors, simple Bayesian and random forest techniques in Rapidminer software.

Among the four data mining techniques used to predict the mental health of adolescents based on nutrition, physical activity and leisure time, the random forest technique has the highest accuracy (91.72) and specificity (82.73) and the k-nearest neighbors technique has the highest sensitivity (96.30). In addition, based on random forest techniques, the rule with the highest level of support showed that an adolescent who is in high school, eats breakfast, lunch, and dinner every day, drinks tea and coffee weekly, exercises 2 hours a week at school,also, he has 4 days of physical activity for 30 minutes in the last week, and he goes to school with the service, with 100% confidence has good mental health.

Based on the random forest technique, which has showen the best performance, nutrition has the greatest impact on the mental health of Iranian adolescents. So, it is necessary to think about providing a suitable platform for training parents and adolescents regarding proper nutrition and increasing awareness in the field of adolescent mental health.

Considering the students’ importance in the construction and development of society, analyzing data on students' mental health is essential. However, the growing volume of data requires analysis and management, and at a higher level, the discovery of knowledge, and the use of techniques such as data mining in the health field becomes more apparent.

The research conducted in 1399 is based on the data cleansing of the Caspian 5 questionnaire conducted in Iran from 1393 to 1394. Using purposive sampling, the authors extracted 23 characteristics affecting the mental health of students aged 13 to 18 years in 4 regions: North, South, West, and East Central.  A set of characteristics affecting mental health were extracted for the provined included in each region.

In the southern regions, the consumption of sweets and in the northern regions, the consumption of sausages, hot dogs, pizzas, and hamburgers had the greatest impact on students’ mental health. In the western regions, tea, and coffee, and in the central regions, the average sleep per week had the greatest impact on mental health.

it can be concluded that nutrition is the most important factor affecting mental health although the results showed that in some parts of the country, physical activity and sleep quality can also affect mental health, so direct impact of these parameters should not be ignored.

Obesity and hypertension are community health problems. The objective of this study was to diagnose obesity and hypertension in Isfahani students by artificial neural network.

The present study was a diagnostic and predictive one that used the information of 460 students aged 7-18 years old in Isfahan to design a neural network with 11 input variables (age, sex, weight, height, waist circumference, body mass index, waist to height ratio, abdominal obesity, physical activity, genetics, and unhealthy eating behaviors) and three output variables of obesity, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Conjugate Gradient and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms were used for network training.

Selected neural network with the Levenberg algorithm has 16 hidden neurons in the diagnosis of obesity and high diastolic blood pressure and 14 hidden neurons in the diagnosis of high systolic blood pressure. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the network in the diagnosis of obesity were 0.9591, 0.9975, and 0.9934, respectively, and these values were 0.8461, 0.9949, and 0.9739 for high systolic blood pressure and 0.7952, 0.9973, and 0.9609 for high diastolic blood pressure. It was observed that the designed network detects obesity in children and adolescents with a high accuracy of 95% and diagnoses systolic and diastolic blood pressures with a high accuracy of 84% and 79%, respectively.

According to the results, about 83% of obese adolescents have hypertension. Therefore, there it is necessary to design educational programs in the field of behavioral changes, including physical activity along with interventions in nutrition planning for students.

Although lifestyle changes encompassing weight loss and exercise remain the cornerstone of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management, the effect of different types of exercise on NAFLD is unknown. So, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of eight weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on liver lipids, liver enzymes, and insulin resistance of adolescents with fatty liver.

In the current experimental research, 23 children and adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver were randomly assigned into HIIT groups. The intervention was eight weeks of HIIT training consisting of 30 seconds of fast running at around 100–110 percent of max speed with a 30-second recovery interval, 3 sessions per week each session lasting for 32-36 minutes, whereas the control group had no regular physical activity. Variables were measured before and after the intervention in both groups. The data was analyzed running ANCOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests.

Significant differences were observed in VO2peak (HIIT9.38% vs. Control 0.62%), BF percentage (HIIT;-1.25% vs. Control; 0.31), WHR (HIIT;-1.24% vs. Control; 0.41), ALT (HIIT;-12.42% vs. Control 3.84%), AST (HIIT;-13.95% vs. Control; 4.80%), insulin (HIIT; -12.37% vs. Control -3.56%) and insulin resistance (HIIT; -15.24% vs. Control -2.83%) between HIIT and control groups (P<0.05), whereas the differences in blood pressure and fasting blood sugar between the two groups were not found to be significant (P>0.05).

It seems that the HIIT exercise can be helpful as a non-medical intervention to improve liver enzymes and in the treatment of obese/overweight adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver.

Schools play a key role in promotion of health education. This article analyzed the factors affecting the education to prevent non-communicable diseases from the viewpoints of educational and executive factors in schools of Isfahan City, Iran.

This study was conducted using qualitative approach with conventional content analysis. Participants were 19 staff working in schools of Isfahan City in educational year of 2017-2018, who were selected through purposive sampling with the highest variation. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews, and analyzed using deductive content analysis.

Obtained codes were placed in 8 main categories and 23 subcategories. The main categories included "the effect of macro health policymaking on the efficacy of education", "strategic health system", "the role of the educational system in promoting health", "informal learning", "the role of schools in healthy nutrition models and physical activity development", "preventive strategies in health promotion", "lifestyle as a multi-factorial phenomenon with mutual interaction", and "the effect of stress and depression on health".

Life style modification and updating school educations are effective factors in the efficacy of education to prevent non-communicable diseases.

Children and adolescents are vulnerable to mental disorders. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting this type of disorder in adolescents can be an important step in preventing and controlling these diseases, especially in their early stages, and data mining science can be effective in solving this problem.

The data of the present applied research were collected from the information of 14274 students aged 7 to 18 years registered in the database of the Institute for Primary Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The sample size by using purposive sampling was 5283 students. The data collection tool was the Caspian Questionnaire. For determining the relationship between variables, the simple Bayesian classification method is used. The data were analyzed by RapidMiner software.

In the northern regions, high (daily) consumption of dairy products (milk, yogurt, and cheese), in the southern and central regions high consumption of lunch per week, and in the western regions high consumption of fresh vegetables and cooking are the most important factors affecting ideal mental health. In all four areas, more than half of people with ideal mental health exercise a lot at school each week. Also, the average time of working with computer per week is the most important factor that has a negative impact on mental health.

By examining different areas, the most important factors affecting ideal mental health are nutrition. This shows the importance of the impact of nutrition on this issue. Therefore, making appropriate decisions in the field of nutrition can play an important role in improving the mental health of society and it will lead to improving the performance of individuals in society.

Cohort studies are defined as studies that investigate the correlation between exposures and diseases. Meanwhile, studies that investigate the effect of different exposures on children are of high priority, especially those focused on neurodevelopment. This study aimed to introduce available surveys in Persian language suitable for cohort studies that could be used for assessing neurodevelopment of young children.

The protocols of well-known international birth cohort studies all around the world were reviewed. The surveys and questionnaires used for evaluating neurodevelopment in young children were extracted. A comprehensive search was conducted to identify which surveys/questionnaires are validated in Farsi.

13 surveys and questionnaires used in international birth cohort studies, including Dubowitz neurological examination, The Infant Behavior Questionnaire, Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scale, The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire, Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised with Follow-Up Interview, Child Behavior Checklist, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Strength and Difficulties Questionnaires, Development and Well-Being Assessment, Denver Developmental Screening Test-II, Ages and Stages Questionnaire and Bayley-III were found to have a valid Farsi version.

Here, 13 usable surveys and questionnaires for using in cohort studies and assessing neurodevelopment in Iranian population were introduced and shortly explained

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 12 weeks of aerobic training with and without consumption multivitamin minerals supplementation in polluted air on some immunological factors in healthy men. 46 healthy men (age: 25 ± 2.2; BMI:23.83 ± 0.98 kg/m2</sup>), were randomly assigned into 4 groups: aerobic training with multivitamin minerals supplement (AT+MS, n=11); aerobic training only (AT, n=11); multivitamin minerals supplement only (MS, n=12) and control (C, n=12) in polluted air with an average unhealthy index. The exercise program consisted 90 min aerobic training, 3 times weekly on non-consecutive days at 60-85% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 12 weeks. Participants in the AT+MS group were additionally asked to consume 500 mg multivitamin-mineral supplement daily for 12 weeks. White blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils, cortisol levels, and salivary immunoglobulin A were measured by cell Counter, ELISA and immunodefusion techniques in baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of intervention. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance. After intervention, there was significant increase in the number of all immune cells (P=0.01) cortisol levels (P=0.047) in the AT group and a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes (P=0.001), monocytes (P=0.01) and basophile (P=0.041) in the MS group. Also, the s-IgA levels increased significantly (P=0.047) in the AT+SM group, but remained unchanged in the other groups. The results of the study showed that aerobic training combined with multivitamin minerals supplementation causes improvement in some of the immunological factors in the polluted air. However, to achieve more conclusive results, further investigation is needed.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent disorder in children and it is described as a group of risk factors including obesity, increased fasting blood sugar, increased triglyceride, high blood pressure and decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. This multifactorial disorder has been considered as one of the leading causes of mortality throughout the world and has been considered as a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that the syndrome is highly prevalent among overweight children and adolescents. The etiology of the metabolic syndrome is complex, and is determined by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors and their influence on the development of obesity, insulin resistance and various inflammatory processes. Recent findings on Iranian children and adolescents show the prevalent of 23%. In this review, we looked at the definition, prevalence etiology and the main determinant genes in the development of this disorder.

Vitamin D is one of the essential ingredients in terms of metabolic and physiological processes in the human body.25-Hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D] is the most sensitive index of vitamin D status and reflective of its dietary intake and skin production. Considering the importance of vitamin D in human body, especially in pregnant women and in turn in their infants, the present study was conductedto examine the association of air pollution with serum 25(OH)Din pregnant women and in the umbilical cord of their newborns. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 in Isfahan, Iran. This study comprised 100 pregnant women and their newborns. The air quality index (AQI) was registered. The associations of AQI and 25(OH)D were assessed by multiple linear regression. The independent inverse association of 25(OH)D with air quality can explain the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pregnant women living in this sunny region.