فهرست مطالب راضیه فرستاده

With the onset of Timur attacks in different parts of the country as well as domestic and succession wars PrincesTimurese in the next sections, In relative terms some of Iran's most important cities and villages were destroyed, But the Khorasan province was built by some Timur tribes, due to the fact that the Timurese center was located, and the prosperity of most of the towns of this region was provided. Timur's successors, building public buildings and creating ways to improve trade and security, traveled routes and contacted other governments, and were able to compensate for some of the previous failures. This research seeks to answer this question, what was the reason for the rapid growth of Mashhad during the Timurid period? In response to the hypothesis of the research, it is based on the fact that the rapid growth of Mashhad during the Timurid period was due to the attention of the Shiites to the shrine of Imam Reza (AS) and the increase of pilgrims and the special attention of the rulers of Timurid to the important and historic place of this region. This research is arranged using the historical research method and is trying to present the perspective of this development process and the attention of the Timurid rulers to the city of Mashhad on the basis of historical documentation. The results of this research indicate that during the Timurid period, the city of Mashhad, economic growth and, consequently, urban development has been expanded, and this depends largely on the development of security and communication with distant and close governments and support The emirates of Timurid have been associated with their special attention to the establishment of large economic and social structures and magnificent works.

Teymour Goorkani and his scions were paying great attention to the prosperity of the cities and built long-standing and sumptuous relics. Although they paid greater attention to the prosperity of some cities, other areas were not regarded that much. After Timor’s death, attacks of the rulers› descendants and Ghara-ghoyonlo and Agh-ghoyonlo Turks destroyed the political stability of Iran›s government. Timori’s Ruling System who was oppressive at times left a harmful effect on people’s social life, especially in Khorasan area. But in times of peace and solace, some of the small areas, such as Torbat e Jam in Khorasan was given special consideration by the Timurids and benefited from good economic growth. The social conditions of this region also improved concomitantly. However, Neyshabour which was larger and more important than Torbat e Jam received less attention by Timoris› rulers. Due to the occurrence of two earthquakes, Neyshabour›s economic and social growth was lesser than that of Torbat e Jam. Among the reasons for the choice of this comparative study between Neyshabour and Torbat e Jam are: lack of political stability after Timor›s death, ruler›s oppressing the people, public utility measures taken by the Timurdis, Neyshabour and Torbat e Jam abilities and features in economic and social conditions in 9th and 10th centuries. The methods used in this study are Historical and field, which the latter one is used for the examination of historical relics in Timurids era.

Arid and semi-arid weather in some parts of Iran led the Iranian to think about supply drinking and fresh water. Construction of water storage was one of the manifestations of this idea. Many water storages have been built to satisfy thirst of travelers throughout trade route besides caravansaraas and eliminate the need of students, pilgrims and citizens in the cities throughout history (especially in recent centuries). Philanthropists tried to build water storages besides the Husayniyyahs, markets and mosques. So this architecture has been the best and most convenient way of the access to water. In addition to creating a beautiful and attractive landscape in the desert cities and North of Iran, water storages with remarkable architecture were supplier of cooling water during dehydration; so that each of its parts had a significant role. Water storage is composed of different parts, therefore water was transferred to it from aqueduct and mountain. Following these conditions and due to lack of water favors, construction of water storage was encouraged along with endowed tradition among local people at Birjand, Yazd, Kerman and Qazvin.

The great emperor founded by Taymur was divided after his death among his children. At this time, Khorasan and some other parts of Iran was given to Shahrokh Mirza between years 807 and 850. During this period, Heart found fame as the center of political, cultural and economical activities. Herat became a place where many merchants andpassengers from many parts of the world gathered and in every section of that, tall buildings gave a beautiful view to the city. After Herat, Mashhad was the second central city of Timurid reign. City which had started to progress and develop because of increase in Shias population and existence of Imam Reza (PBUH)’s shrine and beautiful buildings of Timurid period. And so with supports from Shahrokh and Goharshad, and also important persons of Timurid reign, a big architecture method was centered in eastern parts of Iran. Goharshad Agha, Known as Mahd Ulya, along with her spouse, Shahrokh, who had invested his time in military issues and establishing political affairs after Taymur’s death, had an important role in development of city and public and political affairs.