فهرست مطالب رباب حاجی علی اوغلی

The Zanjan-Takab complex is a metamorphic belt with NW-SE trend that includes gneiss, amphibolite and gneissic amphibolite, old metagranites, pelitic schists with migmatites and metaophiolites. Takab mafic migmatites, based on field evidence and partial melting degree, are divided into two main groups of metatexites with patchy, ophthalmitic, diktyonitic, agmatic, stromatic structures and diatexites with schollen, ptygmatic, folded, stictolithic, phlebetic, schliren, nebulitic structures. These migmatites consist of mesosome part with textures of porphyroblastic, xinoblastic, granoblastic and nematoblastic and main minerals plagioclase, hornblende, biotite, melanosome part with nematoblastic, xinoblastic, granoblastic and oriented textures and main minerals hornblende and plagioclase. The leucosome part is composed of granular, sympletic and myrmekitic textures and the main minerals are plagioclase, quartz, k-feldspare, titanite, hornblende and biotite. Investigating the shape of the crystal size scatter diagrams (CSD) shows the physical conditions and petrological processes are effective in the studied rocks. In order to investigate these processes, plagioclase crystals in 4 leucosome samples were quantitatively analyzed with the help of Jmicro vision and CSD Corrections software, and then the results obtained from the analysis of different leucosome samples were compared. The crystal size scatter diagrams of plagioclase crystals show two stages of growth with different speeds in the studied samples, so that the larger crystals (the end part of the curved diagram on the right) belong to a melt that is at greater depths or it cooled in a calmer environment. Nevertheless, the initial part of the diagram on the left side crystallized in more superficial areas and at a higher speed.

The study area is located near the Zeinabad village, NW Tabriz. Precambrian to Cretaceous sedimentary units form the dominant outcropping rocks in this area. The investigated basic rocks including lava and diabasic dikes are intruded within the Late Triassic-Early Jurassic sandstone, conglomerate and shales of the Shemshak Formation. The basic rocks are extremely alterated and have abundant vesicles filled by secondary minerals of chlorite, calcite, Zeolite and opaque phases. Petrographic studies of the basic rocks reveal that the plagioclase forms the main constituent mineral and Fe-Mg bearing minerals (most probably hornblende) are completely altered to the calcite, chlorite, epidote and opaqe phases. The most significant textures are porphyry, glomeroporphyry, amygdaloid, sieve and sub-ophitic. Geochemically, the basic rocks are basalts with alkaline signitures. On the basis of variation diagrams, the compositions of analysed rocks are rich of U, Th and LILE (such as Ba, Rb). Positive anaomaly of Pb in these diagrams can be interpreted by the continental crust distribution and/or mantle wedge metasomatism related to the released fluids from subducted oceanic crust. Considering the REE diagrams, the rocks are rich in the LREE but poor in the HREE. High La can be related to Yb contents and can be interpreted to reveal their formations from the garnet bearing mantle sources. Tectonic setting of Zinabad basic rocks is determined as within plate setting. They form in relation with the extensional phases after continental collision during Cimmerian Orogeny in the Azarbaijan continental crust, NW Iran.

The amphibolites of east Salmas, as one of the widest units of the metamorphic complex, are located in the northwest of Sanandaj-Sirjan zone, which according to field studies are mainly oriented and foliated amphibolites. Based on microscopic studies, amphibolites include amphibolites, biotite-amphibolites, epidote-amphibolite, biotite-epidote-amphibolite, tremolite-actinolite-amphibolite, and biotite-clinopyroxene-amphibolite. Amphibolite specimens of the region have maximum parallel pattern based on the variation diagrams of rare earth elements normalized to chondrite, EMORB and primary mantle and are similar to intra-plate basalts in terms of geochemical properties. According to the results of whole rock chemistry, the study amphibolites are mainly ortho-amphibolites with a basaltic protolith and calc-alkaline magmatic series, which are located in the intra-plate tectonic position.

The Arghun intrusion is located in the southwest of Mahneshan and has penetrated in the Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The study area is part of the Central Iran zone. Lithologically, the main composition of this intrusion is gabbro and it has the mineralogical composition of plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende and opaque minerals. Based on the geochemical composition, the magmatic nature of the study rocks is calc-alkaline. Their normalized REE pattern to the chondrite shows the enrichment of LREEs relative to HREEs. The negative anomalies of the Nb and Ti elements are observed in the spider diagrams normalized to the chondrite, which is characteristic of the subduction zone magmatism (active continental margin arc and island arc magmas). Also, LILEs enrichment and depletion of HFSEs elements indicate subduction arc magmas. The tectonic setting discriminant diagrams also show the characteristics of the island arcs and the active continental margin. Also, the study of the spider diagrams shows the involvement of subduction fluids in the formation of the study rocks. Comparison of the study gabbro intrusion with the north of the Takht-e-Soleiman intrusion and Aghdareh granite indicates that the magmatic series are the same and their spider diagram pattern are similar.

East Salmas Metabasites, as one of the most extensive units of the metamorphic complex, is located in the northwest of Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. These metabasites are mainly composed of amphibolite and green shist, alternating with geniss, metadiorite and marble metamorphic rocks. Metabasites are structurally oriented and mass, and grain size varies from small to medium. According to microscopic studies, the regionchr('39')s metabasites are classified into 6 amphibolitic and 4 schist subgroups. Amphibole, plagioclase, mica, spinel, and quartz are the main minerals from the microprobe results of metabasite samples. According to the chemistry of minerals, amphiboles are composed of magnesium hornblende and ferrotschermakite, plagioclase with component of andesine, mica with type of phlogopite and spinel groups with component of Al-spinel. Chemical composition of amphibole and plagioclase minerals was used for themometry and barometry of metabasite rocks in the region. Thereforet the results show that regional metamorphic rocks are formed in moderate temperature (550-600 ° C) and pressure (4-6 kbar) ranges, Barrovian-type amphibolite facies, 30 ° C / Km geothermal gradient and in the intra-continental orogenic environments.

East Salmas gneisses are located in the northernmost parts of the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone and are seen in banded and deformed with the 6 different groups of lithological diversity. Their protolith is of paragneiss type with arkosic sedimentary rock type.Texturally, they are immature. Based on this study, chemical maturation trend of protolith of the present investigated gneisses are in the arid to semi-arid boundary climatic conditions with average granite composition and chemical alteration index of about 55%. The linear trend in the diagrams of major oxides variations of the parent gneisses in the region confirms the partial melting and granitization of the genesis in these rocks. According to the pattern of normalized diagrams, these rocks show good agreement with typical paragneiss diagrams of the world. Investigating the various diagrams reveals that the tectonic setting of the gneisses is mainly of continental margin type with passive sedimentary trend.

The process of migmatitization in the Ghareh Naz has resulted in the formation of various rate of partial melting and eventually the formation of a large spectrum of metatexite and diatexite migmatites. Mineral chemistry studies by EPMA method shows that amphibole composition is magnesio-hastingsite and has a metamorphic origin and feldspar composition is andesine to oligoclase. Effective reactions in the formation of the melt and Leucosome part of migmatites are include fluid-present reactions and fluid-absent reactions. High grade mineral assemblages are probably formed by the decomposition of lower-grade minerals by fluid absent reactions. The mineralogical composition of the leucosome is similar to that of tonalite to granodiorite resulting from partial melting and corresponds to the crystallization origin of the melt. Based on the thermobarometry of these rocks. the temperature is about 767 to 868 °C and the pressure is about 5.7 to 7.7 Kbar.

The Ghareh naz migmatites were formed as a result of partial melting of amphibolites under granulite facies conditions. Structeral, textural, mineralogical and geochemical evidence in the migmatites migmatites indicates their formation via partial melting during partial melting. The studied migmatites have a variety of structures including patchy, scholen, ophthalmitic, stromatic, diktyonitic, ptygmatic, phlebetic, schliren, pegmatitoid and nebulitic. The presence of striated plagioclases and amorphous quartzes along with granular texture, myrmecite and peritite in the locosome parts as well as the presence of zoning, polysynthetic twin in the plagioclases indicate a partial melting role in the formation of migmatites. Based on mass balance calculations in the ghareh naz migmatites, the parts of the migmatite components of the locosome, melanosome, and mesosome are aligned in a straight line, indicating a partial melting source of the studied migmatites.The percentage of partial melting for the studied megmatites was calculated to be about 36.5% and 43.6%,respectively. The difference in partial melting percentages may depend on the relationship between the rate and melt outflow and to a small extent on the amount of melt in the region. The formation temperature of these migmatites is determinated about 850-850 ° C and the pressure is about 6-7 kbar.

The ophiolitic-metamorphic complex of Allahyarlu, attributed to pre-Cretaceous, is exposed at the core of Allahyarlu anticline in NW Iran and NE of Meshginshahr. The metamorphic rocks are important constituents of this complex. These rocks include garnet schist, garnet gneiss, amphibolite, marble, associated with blocks of serpentinite and tectonic slices of gabbro, dunite and diabase. Quartz, garnet, biotite, muscovite and chlorite are the primary minerals in the garnet schists, while zircon, secondary chlorite, opaque minerals and plagioclase make the minor phases. The main minerals in the garnet gneiss samples are K-feldspar, quartz, plagioclase, muscovite, biotite and garnet and tourmaline, zircon and secondary chlorite are the minor phases. Garnet in garnet schists and garnet gneisses is almandine-rich and white mica is muscovite –rich. According to microprobe analyses, brunvigite is the main constituent in chlorite solid-solution. Te average temperature estimated for metamorphism of garnet schists and garnet gneisses, using different methods is 530 to 570 C. Using apetrogenetic grid indicates pressure of ca. 4.5 kbar for the paek of metamorphism. The estimated pressure and temperature are in accordance of Barrovian metamorphic gradient for these rocks, which occurs in crustal thickenning zones such as island arcs, volcanic arcs and collision zones.

The pre-Eocene Allahyarlu ophiolitic- metamorphic complex is exposd in the core of the Allahyarlu anticline in the northwest of Iran and northeast of Meshginshahr. This complex consists of a variety of schist, gneiss, amphibolite and metadibase rocks with serpentinite and tectonic slices including gabbro, dunit, marble and diabase. Amphibolites can be divided into garnet-free amphibolite and garnet amphibolite. Hornblende and plagioclase are the main phases in the garnet-free amphibolite. Titanite, calcite, rare biotite, epidote, Fe-oxides and zircon constitute the minor phases. In garnet amphibolites, in addition to these minerals, garnet is also present. Porphyroblastic and nematoblastic are the common textures in these rocks. The study of mineral chemistry and determination of temperature and pressure conditions of amphibolites are the subject of this study. Based on the results of microprobe analyses in garnet-free amphibolites and garnet amphibolites, the amphiboles are of magnesium hornblende and tschermakite types, plagioclase composition ranges between andesine and albite, and in garnet amphibolites garnet has an almandine-rich nature. Based on the variations of Ti versus total Al (Alt), the studied amphiboles in the amphibolites of the Allahyarlu metamorphic complex are medium pressure amphiboles. The results of thermometry and barometry calculations on these rocks, based on the chemistry of amphibole, garnet and plagioclase, were obtained. The P-T estimates indicate an average pressure of 8Kbar and temperature of 600C for the peak of metamorphism. This is in accordance with Barrovian metamorphic gradients, indicative of crustal thickening (in volcanic or island arcs) or a collisional tectonic setting.

The study area is located at the Mishow mountain ranges in NW Marand town. The main outcropping rocks are Pliocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. Lamprophyre, mica pyroxenite, amphibolite and carbonate rocks occure as xenoliths within andesites. The main rock forming minerals for lamprophyre xenolith are coarse grained biotite, clinopyroxene and rare plagioclase within a matrix composed of the same crystals with porphyric and hyaloporphyric textures. These can be classified as kersantite. Mica pyroxenite xenolith is composed of clinopyroxene, biotite, plagioclase, (±) hornblende and opaque phases. Plagioclase, clinopyroxene as well as rare amphibole and biotite are seen as scattered magmatic crystals within carbonate matrix in the carbonate xenolith. On the basis of mineral chemistry of clinopyroxene, magma nature for the lamprophyre and mica pyroxenite xenoliths has been detremined as calc-alkaline. Clinopyroxene composition indicates high fugacity of oxygen for lamprophyre and mica pyroxenite xenoliths. The estimated temperatures are 1100C-1200C, 1080C-800C for mica pyroxenite and lamprophyre respectively at pressures of 5-10 kbar. The pressure and temperature of amphibolite xenolith have been estimated based on amphibole geothermobarometer as 750-800 (±12oC) and 6.2±0.6 kbar, respectively.

The Qotur metamorphic complex consists of metabasites, gneisses, marbles and calc-silicates as well as serpentinites which is cropped out at the west border of West Azerbaijan and Turkey. The amphibolites from the Qotur metamorphic complex can be classified as two types of ortho- and para-amphibolites. Minerals in this ortho-amphibolite are hornblende, plagioclase, zircon, titanite, and opaque minerals. The para-amphibolites are characterized by presence of calcite and quartz in addition to amphibole and plagioclase in their mineral assemblages. Tremolite/actinolite, chlorite and sericite are the retrograde phases of the green schist facies. Granoblastic and nematoblastic textures are the common textures of these rocks. Investigation of mineral chemistry and P-T estimations of amphibolites are the aim of this project. Based on electron microprobe analyzes on amphibolites, the amphibole and plagioclase compositions are determined as magnesio-hastengsite and oligoclase, respectively. Plotting of amphibole and titanite compositions on Ti vs. Si and Fe vs. Al diagrams respectively, shows their metamorphic genesis. The thermobarometry results of amphibolites have been obtained on the basis of amphibole and plagioclase compositions as well as utilizing of petrogenetic grids and experimentally determined phase diagrams. The peak metamorphic temperatures and pressures are estimated about 550-650°C and 6-8 Kb. The geothermal gradient is calculated about 25 °C/Km for the obtained temperatures and pressures which corresponds with continental collision conditions. It seems that Cretaceous closure of the Neotethys and its subsequent continental collision during Late Oligocene- Miocene formed the studied amphibolites at the continental crust of the Qotur area.

The Alamdar rhyolite has been cropped out at the highest top of Mishow Mountain Ranges (i.e. Alamdar top), east of Tasouj. Considering that the rhyolite has been intruded the Kahar Formation, its Precambrian age is more probable. The constituent minerals are quartz, K-feldspar and rare plagioclase characterizing by crystalline to hyalo-crystalline, microlitic porphyric, perthitic, hyalo porphyric and flow textures. Magmatic series of the rocks are high K calc-alkaline and shoshonite. In the view of Al-index, they are peraluminous. The investigated rocks have been classified as A-type (A2 subgroup) granitoids. REE diagrams show high enrichment of LREE relative to HREE and MREE. Spider diagrams have positive anamolies of K, Nd, Rb and negative anomalies of Ta, Nb, and Ti indicating their likely crustal source generation. On the basis of discrimination diagrams they are formed related to Post-COLG tectonic setting. Extensional regimes following to continental collision between Northern lands with Gondwanian terrains during Ediacaran has been caused decompression melting of continental crust and the Alamdar rhyolite has been originated at the Mishow collisional zone.

The Takht-e-Soleyman metamorphic complex is located at NE of Takab town, West Azerbaijan province. This complex having Precambrian-Cambrian age has been formed from low to high metamorphic rock types. The retrograde granulites are subject of this project. The retrograde metamorphic assemblages of the granulites are including of Amp᪻繊饾㪖ꪹ phases. Amphibole overprinted primary mafic phases of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene highly. Spinel at the klyphitic texture around garnet porphyroblast forms the main feature for retrograde metamorphism of granulites. Rutile occur as inclusion within amphibole. The compositional profile of garnet indicates chemical variations from the core to the rim. Compositional variations from the core to the mid is characterized with a minor increase in XMg but decrease in XCa and XMn. This characteristic of garnet is indicative of pressure decompression with small increasing of temperature. Due to complete overprinting of high temperature phases by the retrograde phases as well as lack of preserved pick metamorphic minerals it is indeterminate pick metamorphic P-T estimations for M1 stage. On the basis of chemical compositions of porphyroblasts, retrograde evolutions of investigated granulites have been estimated at two stages: (1) pressure decompression (M2-a) and (2) cooling and exhumation (M2-b). The retrograde P-T conditions are obtained as T=810±10°C at P=10.5±0.7kbar for the first and second retrograde stages, respectively. Relatively coarse grained size of phases at the klyphitic margin are indicative of low cooling rate during uplifting of rocks from lower to upper levels. Highly overprinting of high temperature phases by amphiboles support this idea. Time of pick and retrograde metamorphism for the investigated granulites are not clear accurately. It seems reasonable to attribute pick metamorphic and granulite formation time to Oligocene-Miocene related to crustal thickening due to collision between the Central Iran microcontinent and the Arabia plate. The granulites have been metamorphosed under retrograde conditions in relation with thrusting and post collisional extensions which caused to uplifting, crustal thinning and exhumation of rocks. However more conclusions on tectonometomorphic evolutions need to precise studies.

The Ghikhlar area is located at the NW Marand town, East Azarbaidjan. The wide range of Plio-Quaternary volcanic activites with volcanic and associated volcano-clastic rocks having compositions mainly as andesite to silica-undersaturated rocks (leucite basanite, leucite-tephrite and tephrite) have been covered mostly the rock units prior to the Cenozoic. The phenocrysts in andesites are amphibole, plagioclase and clinopyroxene which occurred in microcrystalline and microlithic matrix. The main characteristic of these rocks is bearing various enclaves as autholiths and xenoliths. The clinopyroxenes in the host andesite and cumulative enclaves are diopside to augite. The autholithic andesitic and dioritic enclaves indicates compositions as augite and dipside, respectively. Investigation of mineral chemistry and magmatic features for the host andesitic rocks and their enclaves are the main goal of this research. Variety of magmatic enclaves are including homogenic, cumulative and gabbroic ones. They all show similar mineralogy with host andesitic rocks whereas they are different texturally. Homogenic and gabbroic enclaves are more fine and coarse grained than host andesite, respectively. Cumulative enclave has been formed as aggregation of coarse grained ferromagnesian crystals similar with phenocrysts of andesite. On the basis of mineral chemistry data, composition of the host andesite as well as homogenic and cumulative enclaves are subalkaline with arc magmatic tectonic setting feature. However gabbroic enclave with alkaline characteristic corresponds to interior plate tectonic setting. Considering mineralogy, textural evidence and mineral chemistry data from the host andesite and their magmatic enclaves it can be concluded that the homogenic and cumulative enclaves are autoliths. The homogenic enclave corresponds to chilled margin of magma reservoir which disjoined during upward ascending of andesitic magma and their falling into magma chamber. Cumulative enclave resulted from aggregation of magmatic minerals in the magma chamber. About genesis of the gabbroic enclave it seems that gabbroic enclave has exotic genesis. Gabbroic rocks fall into andesitic magma during magma passing upward.

The Qohrud granitoid is a part of the Urmia-Dokhtar magmatic assemblage. The main rock types are Miocene granite and tonalite. The hydrothermal activities were effective due to intrusion. Hydrothermal activities were more intense in the southern part of the pluton. This has produced relatively large automorph quartz crystals. The alteration of the granitoid wall rocks was accompanied with alteration of K-feldspar, plagioclase and biotite, which has released Sr, K, Rb and to the lesser amounts Al from the mineral structures into the hydrothermal fluid. ICP-MS analysis of quartz samples reveals increase in concentration of some elements including Li (10.33 ppm), Al (6900 ppm), K 9600 ppm) and considerably two elements Rb (1.2 ppm) and Sr (3.35 ppm), along with positive anomaly of HREE in comparison to LREE that all indicate an hydrothermal origin for the studied quartz crystals. Using Ti content of quartz or TitaniQ thermometer gives temperatures of 307 to 547°C with an average of 371°C for crystallization of the quartz crystals. This temperature is in good agreement with temperatures calculated by fluid inclusions (306 to 550° C).

The Takht-e-Soleyman complex is formed from various rock types including metapelites, metabasites and marbles which are metamorphosed under green schist through amphibolite to granulite facies. The amphibolites have been melted partially under high temperatures and mafic migmatites are formed in this regard. The pick metamorphic minerals of garnet amphibolites have been completely replaced by the low temperature plagioclase-hornblende symplectite. So, the pick metamorphic P-T conditions of these rocks (M1) have not been recognized due to the lack of proper mineral assemblage and chemistry of phases. The retrograde P-T conditions (M2) have been determined on the basis of textural evidence, equilibrium mineral assemblage and mineral chemistry as two stages: (1) the retrograde metamorphism as strong decreasing of pressure (M2-a) and (2) cooling and decompression stage during exhumation of the rocks (M2-b). The temperature and pressure conditions during M2-a and M2-b have been obtained as 650°C-700°C at 7-8 kbar and 510°C-570°C at 5.5-6 kbar, respectively. Considering textural evidence, mineral assemblage, thermobarometry estimations and clockwise retrograde P-T paths of the investigated rocks it can be considered that the first section of P-T path with deep dP/dT sleep indicates strong decreasing of pressure most probably related to thrust faulting resulted from crustal thickening during continental collision, whereas the second part of P-T path has been formed by cooling of the rocks related to crustal thinning and exhumation processes. So the retrograde metamorphism and exhumation of the Takht-e-Soleyman garnet amphibolites is consistent with the crustal thickening and its subsequent thinning due to compressions and extensions related to the Laramid orogenic phase during closuring of Neotethys.

The study area is located in the Central Iran Zone, in the view of tectonic subdivisions of Iranian terrains. The main outcropping rock types are metabasites and amphibolites having Precambrian age. The amphibolites have been classified as Ep-amphibolite, normal amphibolite, Grt-amphibolite and Grt-Cpx amphibolite, considering characteristic mineral assemblages. The main textures are granoblastic and porphyrogranobastic. Mineral chemistry of Grt-Cpx amphibolites have been investigated in this contribution. The results have been used to estimate metamorphic P-T conditions. The compositions of amphiboles are pargasite and hornblende. Clinopyroxne is diopside. Plagioclases are rich in An content (An73.50-95.90) and Ab content is low (Ab3.90-24.70). Garnet have compositions as Alm (%45.90-%59.10)¡ Prp (%5.6-%16.1)¡ Sps (%10.90-%23.50)¡ GAU (%13.20-%23.70) . Garnet composition is non-uniform as increasing of Fe and Mg contents where Mn and Ca contents are decreased from the core to the rim. The peak metamorphic T-P obtained as 670 oC to 705 oC at 8.5 Kbar respectively. The estimated pressure is consistent with the depth of ~25Km correspending to the lower crustal condition. The recorded mid P-T conditions of Grt-Cpx ampgibolites belonge to Barrovian type regional metamorphism. On the basis of geological and petrological studies from the SE Qarehaghaj and the analogies with comparable rocks from adjucent Precambrian terrains, it seems that the Pan-African Orogeny is the phase causing metamorphism and consolidation of the basement rocks. The Precambrian metabasites and amphibolites have been probably formed in this regard. The subsequent mid P-T metamorphism of the metabasites under upper amphibolite facies (Barrovian type metamorphism) have been most likely recorded related to continental collision between the Arabian plate and the Central Iranian micocontinent correspending to the Alpian Orogeny during Cenozoic.

The Mashhad ultramafic complex with a Permo-Triassic stratigraphic age is exposed at the NE of Binaloud Mountain and the SW to NW of Mashhad city. This area is mainly composed of mafic and ultramafic rocks, metamorphosed carbonate and pelitic rocks and granitoids in a NW- SE trend. Serpentinized amphibole-peridotites are the main types of ultramafic rocks in this area. Minerals in these rocks include olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, brown amphibole and opaque minerals as the original minerals and serpentinite group minerals, tremolite, actinolite, chlorite, talc and carbonate minerals are the secondary minerals. The amphiboles are commonly of two types. One comprises brown to red-brown subhedral pargasites. The second type is seen as colorless or pale green unhedral tremolite-actinolite. Variations in the cation proportions of Al, Fe, Cr and Ti in structure of amphiboles are strongly influenced by adjacent minerals (e.g. olivine and pyroxene, especially iron-bearing phases such as chromite). Petrographic (textural relationships between minerals) and mineral chemistry data indicate that the pargasites in amphibole-peridotite in the study area compatible with metasomatized mantle peridotites in a subduction zone.

The Kamyaran ophiolite complex as a part of the Kermanshah ophiolite is located in western Iran, along the Zagros orogeny and Neotethys suture zone. The Kamyaran ophiolite complex includes serpentinized harzburgites, isotropic and layered gabbros, diabasic dykes and pillow basalts. The diabasic dykes have experienced upper green schist facies metamorphism. Based on mineral chemistry of the diabasic dykes, plagioclases are oligoclase to andesine and clinopyroxenes are diopside in these rocks. Tetrahedral site is occupied completely by Si and partially by Al (AlIV) in the clinopyroxenes. Oxygen fugacity during crystallization of the diabasic dykes magma, calculated using crystallization composition, points to effects of subduction process on diabasic dykes of the Kamyaran ophiolite complex. Clinopyroxene crystallized at less than 5 Kbar pressure in the presence of almost 2.5 percent H2O. Chemistry of clinopyroxenes indicates IAT characteristics for the original magmas, showing a supra-subduction environment for generation of the Kamyaran ophiolites.

The study area forms part of the Zagros Zone. It is located on the NW of Piranshahr town, NW Iran. The study of altered peridotite clasts of the Creteceous conglomerate is the main subject of this research. They have polygenetic origins having calcite as the constituent cement. The size of clast is ranging from mm to cm including sedimentary and metamorphic rocks fragments, altered peridotites and basaltic fragments. The peridotite clasts have been altered and carbonitized intensely. On the basis of spinel compositions, origin of the altered peridotite clasts are determined as the Alpine type ophiolite, comparable with the associated serpentinized peridotites of the Piranshahr ophiolitic complex. Presence of rare red-brown spinels as well as talc and serpentine support peridotites as the protolith composition of the intensive altered clasts. Calcite is the main secondary phase in the altered peridotite clasts of the conglomerates from the Piranshahr ophiolitic complex. Calcite in association with quartz and/or itself completely replaced magnesian silicate hydrous phases (serpentine) of the altered peridotite clasts. The secondary garnet having composition as andradite and grossular occurs as scattered grains in the clasts. Alteration processes of the peridotite clasts and formations of the secondary quartz and Ca2, CO32- rich mineral phases related to MgO-CaO-CO2 metasomatic fluid phases in the study area have been discussed in this research. Occurrence of the secondary quartz as well as high modal amounts of calcite in the altered peridotite calsts are evidence of carbonization and Ca metasomatism. The depositional basin can be probably supposed as appropriate and sufficient source of CO2 reservation which has been caused intensive carbonatization of previously serpentinized peridotite clasts with high carbonate formations. So it can be concluded that carbonitization of the formerly serpentinized peridotite clasts have been occurred after obduction of ophiolitic rocks and subsequent weathering and transportation of the serpentinized peridotites and conglomerate formation into the Piranshahr Cretaceous basin.

The investigated granite intrusion is located at the north of Ayghalesi village, east of Takab area. The Ayghalesi granite has been intruded into the Eocene sandstone and conglomerate rocks and low grade metamorphic hornfelses have been metamorphosed host roocks. The main constituent minerals are K-feldspar, plagioclase, quarts and muscovite. Garnrt occurs at minor amounts. The main texture is granular but the pegmatitic texture, myrmecite, graphic and pertite occur as minor ones. Chemically the rocks are granite on the various classification diagrams. The Ayghalesi intrusion body has S-type peraluminous with calc-alkaline affinities. They are calcic-alkali to alkali-calcic on the base of modified alkali lime index (MALI). On the base of discrimination diagrams the investigated rocks has been formed related to the syn-collisional tectonic setting correlated to the Central Iranian and Arabian continents.

The Mashhad ultramafic complex with a Permo-Triassic stratigraphic age is exposed at the NE of Binaloud Mountain and at the vicinity of the Mashhad city. This area is mainly composed of mafic and ultramafic rocks, metamorphosed carbonate and pelitic rocks and granitoids with a NW- SE trend. Serpentinized peridotites are the main types of ultramafic rocks in this area. Minerals in these rocks include olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, brown amphibole and opaque minerals as the original minerals and serpentinite group minerals (lizardite and antigorite), tremolite-actinolite, chlorite, talc and carbonate minerals are the secondary minerals. High pressure-low temperature metamorphic rocks, which are indicative of subduction are not present in this area, but according to the major, minor and rare earth elements chemistry of the Mashhad serpentinites, these rocks show subducted serpentinites features, with a peridotite protolith derived from lherzolite or olivine-poor harzburgite. The protolith of these rocks metasomatized and refertilized by melt formed in a subduction zone before serpentinization.

The Siyahmansur area is located at southeastern end of the Bozgush mountain ranges in the Alborz-Azerbaijan zone. On the basis of field evidence, mineralogy and geochemistry the investigated granitoids can be classified as two types (a) Ms-granitoids, (b) alkali-granitoids. Outcropping of Ms-granite is limited to dykes and veins parallel to the metamorphic schistosity. Alkali-granitoid rocks are cropped out as a stock which is intruded in to the Cretaceous and Eocene sediments and volcanic rocks during Oligocene. Both granitoid types are deformed under strain tectonic condition and mylonite granitoids are formed in this regards. Ms-granites having peraluminous, A-type and anorogenic characteristics have been resulted from partial melting of metamorphic schists. Ms-granites recording extensive deformations are most probably emplaced under active tectonic conditions. Alkali-granitoid intrusion originated from mantle source are characterized as metaluminous and A-type granitoids. Concerning to the alkali-granitoids it seems they are emplaced due to faulting and fracturing related to decompression processes after closuring and collision of Neotethys during Alpine orogenic phase on Tertiary. On the basis of the recorded deformations on Siyahmansur alkali-granitoids it seems that they can be attributed to extrusion or escape tectonics in the intersections of southern Bozgush (Benarvan fault) and Germichai Faults.

The Arvaneh volcanic cone at eastern part of the Sahand volcanic complex is located on SW of Bostanabad city. This cone having lava composition as dacite, dacitic andesite and rhyodacite, is formed eletted to young volcanic activity of the Sahand volcanism. Having various colours and textures form dominant composition of the lavas in the Petrographycally phenocrysts are plagioclase+hornblende+biotite±quartz±K-feldespar. The dominante texture of the investigated rocks are hyaloporpyre and microlitic porphyre. Plagioclase are andesine and labradorite at the core and rim, respectively. The biotites are classified as Mg-bearing biotites on the basis of Si and FeO/(FeO+MgO) contents. The investigated biotites, having Mg/(Mg+Mg+Mn as 0.52-0.61, indicate relatively high oxegn fugacity corresponding to calc-alkaline magmatic series. Compositionally, the amphiboles are calcic indicating their crystallization related to subduction tectonic setting. Amphibole composition is supporting high fugacity of oxegen in the related magma. Petrogenesis of the lavas from Arvaneh cone are determined as active continental margion on the basis of biotite and amphibole mineral chemistry. Crystallization T-P are determined as 700-800 0C and 3-6 kbar respectively. On the basis of estimated pressures, it seems that oncet of phynocryst crystallization has been started from depth of 18 Km in the continental crust in the area.