رضا مشهدی

Considering the consequences of depression in academic (academic engagement) and personal (distress tolerance), empowering students is necessary, so the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of self-regulation training on distress tolerance and academic engagement of depressed students.

The current research was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all male students of the second secondary school in Zahedan city in the academic year of 2020-2021; Among them, 30 qualified people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people (experimental and control). Both groups responded to the Distress Tolerance Questionnaire of Simmons and Gaher (2005) and Academic Engagement by Ryu and Tseng (2011). The experimental group received Zimmerman and Pons (1990) self-regulation training as a group in 8 sessions of 60 minutes in two months, and the control group did not receive training. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 24 software and multivariate analysis of covariance test.

The results showed that by controlling the pre-test scores, in the experimental and control groups, self-regulation training increased distress tolerance and academic engagement of depressed students (P<0.01).

Based on the findings of the present study, self-regulation training can be used as an effective intervention to improve distress tolerance and academic engagement of depressed students.

The soundness and validity of banks are one of the important subjects that neglecting them could have been leaded to adverse consequences for every countrychr('39')s economy. Therefore, investigation of relationship between efficiency and camel composite as a measurement of banking soundness and validity, within 16 Iranian bank data, between the years 1389 to 1396, has been studied. Efficiency has been estimated by the Translog cost function and stochastic frontier analysis, which its result shows an aggregate ascending trend. Camel composite which its calculation depends on arithmetic mean, is computed by exploratory factor analysis; exploring two factors, which is called financial ability and financial performance, is the result. For studding of variables relation, a panel data model and an auto regressive panel vector model have been used. The main result shows a positive financial ability and financial performance and significant relationship with efficiency; another result shows one side causality between financial performance and efficiency.

Investigating banks’ status has always been a concern to its management and regulatory decisions, which can be carried out by means of income diversification and CAMEL composite. The importance of income diversification is to decline the operation risk. The soundness of banking is also another essential component in the banking industry that can be evaluated by CAMEL. This article’s two primary goals are computing CAMEL composite index and investigating the relationship between income diversification and banking soundness, using CAMEL composite index within the financial statements of 16 Iranian banks between the years 2010 to 2017. This study applied an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to compute the CAMEL composite calculated by arithmetic mean in the previous studies. In addition, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HHI) has been used to calculate income diversification. The generalized method of moments (GMM) panel model has been utilized to study the relationship between variables. The result of EFA confirms two factors: financial ability and financial performance. The result of GMM panel model shows a positive and significant relationship between financial ability and financial performance on income diversification.

Depression as a common mental disorder can seriously damage the academic procedure and psychological state of the students. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of positive thinking skills training in academic engagement and social happiness of depressed students.

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all male high school students in Zahedan, ran, in the academic year 2020-21. Among them, 30 eligible individuals were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15 (experimental and control). Both groups answered the Reeve & Tseng (2011) Academic Conflict Questionnaire and Zare & Aminpour (2011) Social Happiness Questionnaire. The experimental group received positive thinking training by Seligman et al. (2005) as a group in eight 90-min sessions over two months. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any training. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and univariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that positive thinking training led to increased academic engagement (P<0.01, F=26.262) and increased social happiness (P<0.01, F=71.399) in depressed students.

The findings showed that positive thinking skills effectively improved the academic engagement and social happiness of depressed students. Therefore, the results indicate the need to use positive thinking skill training to improve the socio-educational psychological characteristics of depressed students.

The geographical location of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East and the severe sanctions imposed on the country, have caused a significant reduction in government revenues in recent years. This situation has necessitated the design of financial engineering tools to finance projects of defense and security institutions. Based on preliminary studies, the current model of the project investment funds was selected as a suitable tool for the research topic. The purpose of this research is to design a model based on the current model of the “Project Investment Fund” to finance projects in the country's defense sector. For this purpose, the proposed model of the project investment fund in the country's defense sector was designed. To evaluate the proposed model, a questionnaire with fourteen questions was designed and sent to twenty capital market experts. The questionnaires were analyzed by Kolmograf-Smirnov, one-sample t and Kruskal-Wallis tests and using SPSS software. The findings of these analysis and the opinion of experts indicated that the most important challenges facing investing in Iran’s defense sector are: (1) interest rates below the market average and (2) restrictions regarding the disclosure of information about the proposed defense projects. Finally, in order to meet the expectations of experts, amendments were made to some components of the initial structure and the final proposed model was presented.

The purpose of this study is to provide an exit route for exiting the financing provided by venture capital funds involved in knowledge-based defense businesses. This paper can be classed as practical research, its method can be described as a descriptive library survey and the data was gathered through a questionnaire. The subject under study is the knowledge-based defense companies in Iran. The sample population used for this study included the participants in capital market and venture capital. The sample was chosen as 15 experts who were familiar with venture capital in defense-based knowledge companies identified through professional networks such as LinkedIn. The results suggest that exiting from risky venture capital investments should take place within the maturity phase and in several stages. Knowledge-based defense projects are better served by choosing trustees out of professional, trustable and recognized defense broking agents. Furthermore, venture capital investment funds involved in knowledge-based defense will be better managed over by professional who are knowledgeable, and have experienced in the defense industries. Finally, if management is to be assigned to a third party, it would be appropriate to sell or transfer shares to investors who are involved in the same industry.

A new formula based on strut and tie model to determine the shear strength of exterior beam-column joints without transverse reinforcement (stirrup) in the joint region under monotonic and seismic lateral loading is proposed in this paper. Based on the accomplished topology optimization to determine directions of the principal stresses of the joint region, the main shear transfer mechanism in beam-column joints without transverse reinforcement in the joint region is diagonal strut mechanism; therefore, the proposed strut and tie model is made up of a concrete bottle-shaped diagonal strut. Formulae available in published literature for calculating the diagonal strut angle of inclination was checked by finite element analysis results of two exterior joints, the results indicate that all formulae have good agreement. Various experimental data set of this kind of joints are collected from previous literature based on consistent and specified criteria for data selection. The accuracy of the proposed procedure and two approaches of determining the diagonal strut width was checked by comparing calculated shear strengths with experimental data. Based on the two introduced approaches for calculating the diagonal strut width, approach 1 which does not take into account the column axial load, has the best performance in the proposed model. The proposed formula, in addition to the specified compressive strength of concrete which is included in Iranian and American concrete codes, considers other effective parameters on exterior joints behavior such as the beam longitudinal tension reinforcement ratio and its strength, the intermediate column bars and the joint aspect ratio. Therefore, the proposed formula is able to estimate accurately the shear strength of exterior beam-column joints without transverse reinforcement in the joint region.

The soundness and efficiency of banks is one of the important subjects that neglecting it can have adverse consequences for every country's economy. For economies depending on the money market, such as the Iran economy, this subject is more critical. Therefore, in this study, using panel data related to 16 Iranian banks for the annual period of 2010-2017, the economic efficiency was determined using a translog cost function and stochastic frontier analysis method then, by estimating the model of panel vector autoregression model and Granger causality test, the causal relationships between efficiency and information asymmetry in terms of adverse selection ( the ratio of loans to assets and the ratio of loans to deposits) and moral hazard ( the ratio of non-performing loans), were investigated, both of which are caused due to the information asymmetry. The estimations confirm the unilateral causal relationship of adverse selection and moral hazard with banking system efficiency. And, on the contrary, they claim that low efficiency of the banking system increases the adverse selection and moral hazard is not confirmed. Besides, the results of other estimates based on the panel model with random effects indicate a negative and significant impact of moral hazard and adverse selection on efficiency.

The development of entrepreneurial activities, which is always associated with high risk, plays a key and important role in orienting economies. Entrepreneurs are the catalysts for growth and innovation in the small and large industries and create many job opportunities. Today, the most important bottleneck for the quantitative and qualitative development of the knowledge-based businesses, which according to the supreme leader of the Islamic Revolution, is in line with the policies of the resistive economy and the fight against economic warfare, is an effective and efficient financing mechanism. According to experts in the field, current support is both inadequate and inefficient. The purpose of this research is to present a model of how to use and develop Venture Capital Funds in Iranian economy in line with resistive economy and combating in the economic war. This is a qualitative, consequential, and applied research. In the research methodology section, a combination of library studies, interview and Delphi methods is used. Eight essential and influential variables on the development of the environment governing high risk investments were identified and prioritized using Hierarchical Analysis (AHP). The innovation of this study, compared to a few previous studies, is to focus carefully on the whole environment governing venture capital ecosystem rather than single-loop analysis. Finally, by presenting the suggested solutions for each of the fundamental variables, a comparative-practical model for applying and developing venture capital funds in accordance with the current conditions of the Iranian economy is presented.