رضا پوزشی

Land vegetation and soil degradation have considerable effects on greenhouse gas emissions resulting in global warming. Hence, this study aims to investigate the relationsip between soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) and different vegetation cover/ land uses in two soil depths (0-20 and 20-40 cm) in the Bajestan, Khorasan Razavi, Iran. A total of 122 soil samples (two depths× 61 soil sampling sites= 122 soil samples) were collected including orchard (pomegranate, pistachio and saffron), farmland (barley), desert (under and between haloxylon shrubs), and pasture. Results showed that surface layer of desert lands covered by haloxylon shrubs (3.17 Kg m-2) and both soil depths in pomegranate orchards (2.57 kg m-2 in 0-20 cm and 1.63 kg m-2 in 20-40 cm) had the highest SOCS content. Furthermore, it was found that soils under haloxylon shrubs accounted for 21.35% of surface SOCS as well as for 116.66 tons ha-1of absorbed CO2 in the soil and about 3.5 times more than areas located between haloxylon shrubs. Finally, the economic value of CO2 absorbed in the soil of studied land covers is 8193.45 and 3018.00-dollars ha-1 for surface and subsurface horizons, respectively. Comparing of soil organic carbon (SOC) content over 2004-2018 in the cultivated lands showed the increasing trend about 10.60 and 19.23 percent and in saffron and barley increased by 3.5 and 4.0 fold, respectively. Overall, sufficient information about SOC variation (positive or negative) with time can be effective in sustainable lands management, particularly in arid regions of the country to evaluate effects of different land use managements for increasing in SOCS process.

Considering the high cultivation area of pomegranate in Iran, it is necessary to pay attention to this plant nutrition in order to increase quantitative and qualitative of pomegranate fruit. Nutrition management is one of the most important factors for determining the yield and quality of fruit that there are a few studies to reach the optimal management of nutrition in pomegranate. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different levels of organic component and chemical fertilizers on quantity and quality characteristics of Punica granatum fruit cv. KhazarBardaskanas a factorial design based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments include vermicompost in three levels of 0, 12.5 and 18.75 (V1, V2, V3) kg tree-1 and humic acid in two levels of 0 and 5 g tree-1 (H1, H2) as the soil application and zinc chelate in the two levels of 0 and 0.005 (Zn1, Zn2) as foliar spray. The measured factors were yield, length and diameter of fruit and some qualitative characteristics of fruit juice such as total phenol, antioxidant activity, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS). Also, the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc were determined in leaves. The results of present study showed that the effects of treatments were significant for more measured parameters. The maximum amount of yield 29.09 kg tree-1, antioxidant activity (39.79 %) and total phenol (863.12 mg GAE 100g-1) were observed in V2H2Zn2 treatment of 12.5 kg tree-1 vermicompost, 5 g tree-1 humic acid and 0.005 foliar sprayof zinc. Also, the level of nitrogen, potassium and zinc in the leaves were obtained from the above mentioned treatment (V2H2Zn2), which compared with the control treatment can be recommended as the superior treatment.

The presence of spatial changes in soil properties is normal, and it is inevitable to recognize these changes, especially in green spaces, for careful planning and management. On the other hand, with the increasing need of communities for transportation, communications and the use of vehicles, it has become increasingly common for cars to be the main source of heavy metal pollutants in cities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical limitations of green space soil and also to determine the concentration of lead and cadmium as indicators of traffic pollution of Imam Reza (AS) passenger terminal in the southwestern part of Mashhad.
Analysis

Sampling was performed at 129 points at a depth of 20-0 cm. On the other hand, to determine the deep characteristics of the soil, three soil samples were described and sampled. Element mapping maps were prepared using statistical methods in ArcGIS software.

The results of this study showed that the most important limitation of these soils is their shallow depth, which mainly lacks sufficient depth for the growth and development of trees with deep root systems. On the other hand, the concentration of nutrients in the soil was lower than sufficient. The prepared zoning maps also indicate that these changes are spotty and that the area needs local management. The concentration of cadmium contaminants is also high in the threshold area, but for lead, soil contamination is not currently serious.

Balanced nutrition and soil organic mater are among most important factors affecting yield and quality of grape (Vitis vinifera cv.peykani). Humic acid as an organic acid derived from humus and other organic sources, in accompany with zinc, and acetic acid can reduce deficiency symptoms in grape. To study the effects of zinc, humic acid and acetic acid on yield and yield components, an experiment with 8 treatments and 3 replications in a randomized complete block design was conducted. Treatments included zinc(0 and 0.005), humic acid (0 and 0.003), and acetic acid (0 and 0.01). Results showed that all treatments increased yield compared to control significantly (P