رضایی

More than a year has passed since a series of protests began in France called the “Yellow Vests Movement”. During this period, the dominant image of the official French media of protesters is as follows: They break the windows of stores, shops and banks and create violence and chaos wherever they are. It can be said at the outset that this movement has a fluid, vague identity and that analysts are seeking to understand the logic of the protests more closely. The present text is a translation of Lupine’s journal interview with Vincent Tibrej, a professor of political science at Emile Durkheim Center in Bordeaux, a political sociologist who has been exploring new citizen mobilization dynamics and the transformation of fan relationships in the context of the current generation since 2014. In this interview, he cites the effects of generational changes on the emergence of new types of protests in France, including the specific effects of the emergence and social emergence of the “baby boomers” generation, the effect of lowering social trust in electoral politics, and of Other types of non-electoral politics in the shadow of social legitimization speak of voting mechanisms, the effect of the communications revolution on protests, the points of commonality and differences in the way protests are analyzed in relation to Gustave Le Bon’s model of analysis in “Crowd Psychology”.

In the present research, the health belief model was used as a framework for understanding the factors affecting farmers’ intentions to engage in the on-farm food safety practices in Iran. The suggested model was empirically tested using the data collected from a survey of 230 lettuce producers of Alborz Province in northern Iran. The structural equation modeling technique was utilized to test the hypothesized relationships in the research model and confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the validity and reliability of the measurement model. The results revealed that the perceived barrier was the most reliable predictor of the farmers’ intentions to engage in the on-farm food safety practices. Further, the variables including perceived benefit, self-efficacy, and cues to action were among the main predictors of the intention. Most notably, the threat perception variables, i.e. perceived susceptibility and severity, had no significant effects on the farmers’ intentions to engage in the on-farm food safety practices. Overall, the main components of the health belief model explained about 45.6% of the variance of intention. The findings gave preliminary support for the health belief model as a powerful framework for scrutinizing the intention to engage in food safety behaviors, offering a reasonable explanation for the farmers’ engagement intention in on-farm food safety practices, and providing practical information that can be incorporated into the development of more effective on-farm food safety interventions in Iran.

Graphene oxide (GO) has a great potential to use as an adsorbent in sample preparation procedures. In this research, GO was used as an effective adsorbent in a simple GO-based dispersive micro-solid phase extraction technique coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detector (HPLC-UV) for the determination of diazepam. The prepared GO was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Various experimental parameters affecting the extraction recovery were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, a linear response was obtained in the concentration range of 1–100 ng mL−1 with a detection limit of 0.20 ng mL−1. It also showed reproducible results with relative standard deviation of 3.6 and 1.3 % for 10 and 80 ng mL−1 of Zn (II), respectively. The method was successfully applied to the diazepam analysis in biological and pharmaceutical samples.

The current research aimed to explore application of social network theory toward sustainable aquaculture system through Institutional Scientific Collaboration Network study conducted by interviews with key informants and follow-up organizational surveys at Alborz Watershed scale. The study was descriptive and explanatory, using social network analysis as a most analytical tool to systematically describe certain aspects of the social diversity and complexity of institutional scientific collaboration network. The needed data for social network analysis related to scientific collaborations in the form of research and scientific consulting, technical support, and implementation of joint project networks and was collected through a questionnaire. Research results revealed that the number of central actors in research and scientific consulting network was less than the other two networks. In this study, some powerful organizations such as the Institute of Ecology of the Caspian Sea and Shahid Rajai and Shahid Bahonar Reproduction Center had satisfactory research and scientific consultancy cooperation, as well as technical support for joint projects with other organizations, such as the Provincial Department of Fisheries, and Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, which reflected dynamics of the organizations in the network. These three organizations can play a key role in the distribution of information, knowledge, and inter-sectoral cooperation among different institutions and can take responsibility of this process. If so, these organizations can develop a sustainable aquaculture in the basin of the Alborz Dam, based on scientific principles and in an interactive and dynamic path and, consequently, activate the implementation of projects and conducting scientific and executive studies by these organizations within the network. Although the approach is developed and tested using empirical social network data in the basin of Alborz watershed, the results can generally be useful for other regions and scales as well. Also, research finding could help in improving sustainable management through strengthening of intuitional scientific collaboration network and providing better understanding of the scientific needs and real interactions of diverse actors.

Three different sources of Iranian wild almond (Amygdalus scoparia from Beyza, Fars Province, A. scoparia from Borazjan, Bushehr Province, and A. hausknechtii from Firouzabad, Fars Province) were evaluated for their amino acid compositions and protein nutritive quality attributes. Hydrophobic and acidic amino acids were the most abundant amino acids found in the seed protein. When compared to the (FAO/WHO)-recommended essential amino acid pattern for an adult, lysine, sulphur amino acids (methionine+cysteine) and histidine are considered the first, the second, and the third limiting amino acids, respectively, in the protein obtained from the wild almond sources. Also, the protein and energy values of the studied wild almonds were lower than those of the domestic almond. Wild almonds were also found to be rich sources of minerals; particularly calcium, zinc, and phosphorous. Wild almonds also had higher levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities than those of the domestic almond. Furthermore, amygdalin, a cyanogenic glycoside mainly found in the fruit and seeds of Rosacea family, was obtained at significantly higher levels in the wild species (6.5-7.2%, wet basis) when compared to that in the studied domestic almond (0.9%, w/w). Overall, the results of this study show that there is a great potential for the application of wild almonds in the food industry.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of Organizational Learning (OL) on the relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and Organizational Performance (OP). The target population of the study comprised of all experts of Agriculture Jihad Organization (AJO) of West Azerbaijan Province in the northwest of Iran (N= 1004). Two hundred and forty subjects were selected using a stratified random sampling method based on Bartlett et al. (2001) Table. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) multivariate technique was used to analyze the data. The results showed that EO had a statistically significant positive effect on OP (P-value= 0.001, β= 0.660) and explained about 44% of its variances. Moreover, the variable OL mediated the relationship between EO and OP (P-value= 0.001, β= 0.423). After inclusion of OL as mediating variable in the model, the predictive power of the model increased by 17%. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that it is necessary for AJO to strengthen OL and its components in order to maximize the effect of EO on OP.

Twenty isolates of Trichoderma harzianum wereisolated from the rhizosphere of healthy pistachio plants from different localities of Kerman Province, Iran.Five isolates with high antagonistic activity in in vitro assays against Verticillium dahliae (the causal agent of pistachio wilt), were investigated for their effect on the defense enzymes, peroxidase (PO), phenyl alanine-ammonia lyase (PAL) as well as the total phenol and protein contents in pistachio seedlingsexposed to V. dahliaeunder greenhouse conditionsfor one month after inoculation. The results indicated that all of five isolateshad the ability to induce defense enzymes in treated pistachio seedlings;the Tr8 isolate had the maximum PAL activity and a corresponding increase in the total phenol content.The maximum PO activity and increase in total of protein contentwere seen with the Tr5 and Tr19 isolates, respectively. The increase in the activity of these enzymes when pistachio seedlings treated with antagonist alone or in combination with pathogen was greater than for plants inoculated with pathogen alone. In addition, Tr8 induced a significantly higher level of resistance in pistachio seedlings; therefore it showed the highest inhibition about 45.4% of verticillium wilt disease. This study suggests that the increased induction of defense related enzymes results in increased total phenol and protein contentsdue to enhanced resistance to invasion of pistachio seedlings by verticillium wilt. Outcomes of the study will be useful in formulating T.harzianum isolates for control of verticillium wilt in pistachio plants.

AbstractIn order to study the effects of different irrigation management on water productivity of local, improved and hybrid rice varieties an experiment was carried out on a split plot design with 3 replications. The varieties were splited on 5 irrigation methods (i.e. full irrigation, AWD, 5, 8 and 11 day irrigation interval) at Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht during cropping season of 2006. The results showed that interval irrigation reduced water use. Full irrigation with 593 mm had the highest water use and 11 day interval with 406 mm the lowest. Yield in hybrid, improved and local varieties were 6147, 5147 and 3987 kg/ha respectively. Results showed that yield loss in the varieties due to water stress (full irrigation, 5, 8 and 11 day interval irrigation) in hybrid were 9,19,23 and 44 percent, in improved were 14, 19, 23 and 29 percent and in local variety were 5,4,10 and 17 percent respectively. Local variety was the most resistant and hybrid was the most susceptible variety.

Madder (Rubia tinctorum L.) from Rubiaceae family, is an important industrial (dying crop) and medicinal (anti-cancer and necrosis) crop. To investigate the cultivation method, the best harvest time and also to determine dye percent of madder root, a three-year experiment was conducted at three regions of Zargan, Sarvestan and Neiriz of Fars province. At each location two fields with different soil salinity levels (high and low EC) were selected. Two method of sowing (seed and root) were used in each experiment. The experimental layout was a complete randomized block design with four replications. Root dry weight and dye percent were determined at the end of second and third year of the experiment. Mean comparison showed that root dry weight and dye percent increased significantly at the end of third year. Furthermore, root dry weight was found to be higher from both root and seed sowing in saline soils at Neiriz and Sarvestan. Overall, these three years experiment showed that root and dye yield increased in saline soils at third year. It appeared that Sarvestan might be a suitable location for madder cultivation. Further field researchs are recommend on this important industrial and medicinal plant in marginal lands of Fars province.

AbstractUranium is a natural heavy metal widely dispersed across the earth crust. In many cases due to anthropogenic disturbance, it has been found beyond its natural abundance which resulted in soil-water pollution. The objective of this study was to investigate the capability of Iranian natural zeolite clinoptilolite for removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous solutions. In order to optimize removal efficiency of uranium, bath techniques were used as a function of various parameters, i.e., initial uranium concentration, pH solution, shaking time and dose of zeolite. The sorption of uranium was investigated by using Langmuir and Freundlich model. Maximum uranium uptake by zeolite achieved at 200 mg U L-1, pH 5 and 20 h contact time. The results of the experiment also revealed that Langmuir model was able to predict uranium adsorption mechanisms by zeolite more accurate than Freundlich model. Considering low cost and great natural resource of zeolite in Iran, it is suitable for environmental applications.

Support per hectare from date producers during four Development Programs (1989-2006) is evaluated using OECD methodology. Results show that, considering real exchange rate, market price support average per hectare for first, Second and Fourth Programs are negative and equal to 39760259, 756853 and 2252143 Rials, respectively. Support in Third Program is 886878 Rials positive. According to the amount of budget payment per hectares, descending order of Programs would be like First, Fourth, Third and Second as their amount are 17287586, 3984724, 2212375 and 1982567 Rials, respectively. Therefore, successful Programs in market price support and budgetary payment are Third and Second, respectively.

Mazandaran province is an important area in rice cultivation but salinity is one thebiggest constraint to obtain crop potential yield in some part of the coastal line of ricecultivated area in northern Iran. In order to find tolerant varieties and study the reactionof some newly released high yielding varieties to different levels of salinity ofirrigation water a Factorial experiment was conducted in a RCD in a greenhouse at theRice Research Institute of Iran, Amol station. 8 varieties, cultivated in pots, were testedwith 3 levels of salinity (2, 4 and 6 dS.m-1) along with control (S0: EC=1 dS.m-1) with 3replications. Results showed that salinity had adverse effects on yield, number of tillersper pot, filled and unfilled spikelets, fertility, 100 grain weight, but increased number ofunfilled tillering. Relative yield in salinity treatment in comparison with fresh waterwere 23, 63 and 85 percent, respectively. The average of rice yield loss threshold wascalculated 1.3 dS.m-1. In average, number of panicle and no. of filled spikeletsaccounted for 80 and 59% of total variation of grain yield, but it decreased by increasingin salinity level. There was a high correlation between yield and number of panicle andgrain weight per panicle. The results showed that the yield in each salinity level couldbe predicted by number and weight of panicle (r2= 0.85)

Ratooning means regrowing of rice plant after harvesting of first product which isspecific physiologic characteristic of rice plant. It is an effective method for increasingof efficiency of production along with less investment and also lack of necessity forincreasing of the field of rice plant. Ratooning more over, affects on the optimal usageof agricultural field. In order to achieve this goal, the use of important and effectivefertilizer elements will be useful. In order to investigate of the effects of different levelof nitrogen and potassium on ratooning of rice, an experiment was conducted in GuilanProvince (Amlash) during 2003. The experiment was carried out suing factorial in acomplete randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications.Treatments were included 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N / ha from source urea and 0 and 100kg K / ha from source chloral of potassium (KCL). In this experiment grain yield, yieldcomponents, harvest index, biological yield and straw dry weight were investigated.According to results effect of nitrogen was significant on grain yield, percentage offilled, grain number panicle in m2 and harvest index (HI) at 1% and on 1000 grainweight and biological yield at 5%. Effect of potassium was significant on biologicalyield, percentage of filled grain and number of panicle in m2 at 5%. Interaction betweennitrogen and potassium was significant on, grain yield at 1% and on number of paniclein m2, biological yield and harvest index (HI) at 5%. In conclusion, it can be said thatthe effect of fertilizer on ratoon yield is significant and positive in comparison to lack ofusage of it.