رقیه خدامی

The use of the positive and negative roles of female characters in the Persian literature and works has always been at the center of attention of literary scholars. In poetry, a women is sometimes portrayed by her mysterious and mystical face, and at times she only reveals earthly traits. This research aims to explore the manifestations of mystical literature in Jami's works by a descriptive-analytical method, relying on the role of women in “Leyli &Majnun”, “Salāmān & Absāl”, “Yusuf & Zulaikha”. Research on the image of women in the above masnavis shows that Jami has taken advantage of female characters to account mystical themes by presenting anti-feminist and pro-feminist images in all three stories, and woman in these masnavis is considered a mystical code and symbol; the same as Zulaikha is the symbol and code of a disciple who crosses the bridge of virtual love to true love; Leyli is the symbol of divine love, and Absāl is the embodiment of sensuality, whose desire for excellence is met through intellectual perfection.

From the past until now, the position and image of women in Persian literature has not been the same and in different historical periods, manifestations of feminism and misogyny can be seen in literary works. Jami, as one of the poets of the Timurid period, has introduced different manifestations of women in his poems. In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method, the contradictory view of Jami's view about the appearance of women in the two Masnavi of Lily and Majnoon and Salaman and Absal is investigated. The purpose of this article is to analyze femininity (Lily and Majnoon) and misogyny (Salaman and Absal) in Jami's poems. Examining the image of women in these two Masnavi shows two opposing views in Jami's works, as in Lily and Majnoon it presents a positive image of the characteristics of women such as the manifestation of the divine spirit, wisdom, loyalty, chastity, etc., and in Salaman and Absal, the woman. He has introduced a deceitful being, imperfect of intellect, a means of seeking men, unfaithful, an infidel of blessings, ill-tempered and ignorant. Although sometimes in Lily and Majnoon we rarely see misogyny from the language of slanderers against Lily; This can be both the political, social and cultural context of the Jami period and his personal views on misogyny and the glorification of storytelling and symbolism.

The Timurid period is a period in the history of Iran in which women do not have a favorable position. Jami, one of the prominent poets of this century in Haft Aurang, has a dual and often negative approach to women in referring to the women of his Masnavi; In contrast, the situation has changed during the constitutional period. In the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poets, this change of attitude and improvement of the position of women can be clearly seen. This can be related both to the political and social conditions of the poet's age and to his personal view of women. Analytical-descriptive study shows that Jami in Leili and Majnoon presents a positive image of female characteristics such as beauty, loyalty, intellect, etc. introduced as a liar and lustful. This dual approach is also observed in the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poetries, with the difference that a positive attitude towards women is more prominent. Woman is not only mentioned as a mistress, but also the rationality, personality and humanity of women In Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poems.