فهرست مطالب روناک شاهوئی

Self-efficacy of correct pain management and emotional intelligence are the most responsibilities of nurses, which, if properly considered, will reduce patients' pain, better manage patients, increase the quality of patient care, quickly return of the patients to daily life, reduce the length of stay in hospital, and reduce treatment costs. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the self-efficacy of pain management and its relationship with emotional intelligence in the nurses.

The current cross-sectional study was fulfilled by available sampling method on 110 nurses from the internal and surgical, infectious, CCU, ICU, pediatric, and emergency departments in the morning, evening, and night shifts of Razi and Salahuddin hospitals in Baneh city, Iran. Data were collected by researcher using Demographic questionnaire, Pain Management Self-Efficacy questionnaire, and Goleman Emotional Intelligence questionnaire. The results were analyzed in SPSS version 25 software using descriptive statistics and independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. A probability of <0.05 was accepted as significant.

The study results showed that pain management self-efficacy had no significant relationship with nurses' demographic characteristics such as age, gender, marriage, education level, position, overtime, work experience, and employment status (P>0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between pain management self-efficacy and its dimensions with the variables of the service department and training workshop as well as between pain management self-efficacy and the dimension of pain assessment (P<0.05). Emotional intelligence has no significant relationship with nurses' demographic characteristics such as age, gender, marriage, education level, service department, position, overtime, work experience, employment status, and participation in educational workshops (P>0.05). Also, no significant relation was observed between pain management self-efficacy and nurses' emotional intelligence (P>0.05).

Although pain management self-efficacy was not significantly related to nurses' emotional intelligence, some demographic characteristics were significantly related. The findings show that work experiences, awareness, practical knowledge, positive attitude, and skills can increase pain management self-efficacy.

One of the possible causes of post-term pregnancies is the unripe cervix. The present study was performed with aim to compare the effect of misoprostol and evening primrose oil on labor progress and neonatal Apgar score in post-term pregnancies.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2018 on 130 pregnant women with post-term pregnancy. The samples were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups: (evening primrose and misoprostol) and (placebo and misoprostol). To collect the data, a checklist of demographic and clinical information was used along with questions related to bishop score, duration of labor and neonatal Apgar score. Data analysis was done using SPSS statistical software (version 21) and chi-square test, Fisher exact test and independent t-test. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean bishop score in the evening primrose and misoprostol group significantly increased compared to the placebo and misoprostol group (p=0.0001). Also, the length of the latent phase of labor was shorter in the evening primrose and misoprostol group compared to the placebo and misoprostol group. However, based on the results of the chi-square test, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of first and fifth minutes Apgar scores (p>0.05).

The use of evening primrose oil vaginal capsule along with misoprostol, compared to misoprostol alone, while helping to prepare the cervix, will be effective in reducing the duration of the latent phase of labor and has no adverse effect on the neonatal Apgar score.

Anxiety and depression are common during pregnancy, but often ignored and not treated, and this issue causes many problems during and after pregnancy both for the mother and baby. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the level of anxiety and depression and its related factors in pregnant mothers who referred to clinics in Sanandaj city, 2017.

The present study is descriptive-analytical (cross-sectional). The study population included all pregnant women who referred to clinics in Sanandaj in 2017 and in this regard, 580 pregnant women completed the Spielberger Anxiety and Beck Depression Inventory by available sampling method. Data analysis was performed using spssv.18 as well as Pearson and Chi-square correlation coefficient.

The prevalence of overt and covert anxiety in pregnant women was moderate to high 23.4% and 27.9%, respectively, and the rate of moderate to severe depression was 15.3%. There was a significant inverse correlation between age and depression and anxiety (P <0.05).

According to the results of the study, which showed a high prevalence of anxiety and depression in pregnant women, it is required to educate and create appropriate contexts for pregnant mothers to receive psychological treatments

 Episiotomy is the most common surgery in midwifery that like any other wound, can cause infection or delayed healing. Olive oil and honey have antimicrobial and wound healing properties, so the present study was performed aimed to compare the effect of honey and olive oil on the rate of episiotomy in postpartum women.

This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was performed on 165 postpartum women in Besat Hospital of Sanandaj in 2019. Samples were randomly assigned to three groups: olive oil cream, honey cream and placebo cream. To collect data, a questionnaire of demographic and midwifery characteristics and the form of complications caused by creams and Reeda wound healing scale were used. The intervention was performed as using honey cream, olive oil cream and placebo cream every 12 hours for 10 days at the episiotomy site. Evaluation of Rida index was performed in the first 12 hours after delivery, before the intervention and on the 5th and 10th days after delivery. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21) and analysis of variance, univariate covariance, Chi-square, and Post-Hoc. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Demographic and obstetric characteristics were the same in the three groups (p> 0.05). The mean of Reeda index on the 5th and 10th day after delivery had significant difference among the three groups (P<0.05) and decrease of Reeda index in the honey group was more than olive oil (P = 0.008).

The use of honey cream to repair episiotomy reduces infection and accelerates wound healing.

prenatal care is performed with the aim of maintaining a healthy pregnancy in terms of physical health and favorable mental outcomes for the mother, baby, and family. Considering that the health and progress of any society is largely based on the health of women, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the quality of prenatal care from the perspective of the service recipients using the SERVQUAL pattern during the Covid-19 pandemic in sanandaj comprehensive health centers.

In this descriptive-analytic study, 400 women referring to 10 comprehensive health centers in Sanandaj city to receive prenatal care were studied. The sampling method was cluster sampling (10 people in each cluster). 4 clusters (40 pregnant women) were selected from each center. SERVQUAL questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14 software and descriptive statistics i.e. independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (or their non-parametric equivalent i.e. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis, respectively), as well as chi-square test and Fisher;#39s test.

There was a negative quality gap in all five dimensions of service quality. The overall quality gap in this study was -0.66. The highest mean of this gap was in the concrete dimension (-1.44), and the lowest mean was in the empathy dimension (-0.02). Also, a statistically significant difference was seen between the perceptions and expectations of the clients in terms of tangibles, assurance, and guarantee (P0.05).

Based on the results, there was a gap between the level of expectations and perceptions of prenatal care recipients during the Covid-19 pandemic. The expectations of the service recipients was beyond their perceptions of the existing situation, and there is still large gap for improvement in order to achieve the satisfaction of the service recipients and provide the desired health care services.

Assessment of progress of labor is a key primary healthcare during labor. The main goal of this assessment is to predict problems, such as abnormal progress of labor, so that the conditions of both mother and child could be improved using early interventions. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to effect of honey saffron syrup on the duration of labor of nulliparous women.

This single-blind clinical trial study was performed in 2019 on 126 nulliparous women referred to Beset Hospital in Sanandaj. Participants were selected by available methods and then randomly assigned using closed envelopes divided into honey saffron syrup group (63 person) and control group (63 person). Each participant received a maximum of 150 cc of honey saffron syrup or placebo syrup. The syrups were provided at the start of the study (4 cm dilation), and then, every 30-60 minutes until the end of the active phase of the first stage of labor based on patient's desire. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square and t-test with SPSS software (version 24).P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

The results showed that the mean duration of the active phase of the first, second and third stages of labor after the intervention in the intervention group of honey saffron syrup (176.83±48.29, 35.92±13.85 and 13.55±7.26) compared to The control group (289.42±73.95, 74.92±29.35 and 18.92±8.7) was shorter (P <0.001).

Consumption of honey saffron syrup is effective in reducing the length of the active phase of the first stage of labor, the second and third stages of labor.

Labor pain is one of the most severe pains which a woman experiences during childbirth. Therefore, due to the importance of reducing labor pain and performing normal vaginal delivery, the present study was conducted aimed to compare the effect of oral consumption of honey-saffron syrup with date syrup on labor pain in nulliparous women.

This randomized clinical trial study was performed in 2019 on 180 primiparous women referring to the maternity ward of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj. The subjects were randomly divided into three groups: honey saffron syrup, date syrup and placebo group. Inclusion criteria were: nulliparous women, 4 cm dilatation of the cervix, age 18-35 years, and singleton pregnancy. The above fluids were given at the beginning of the study (dilatation of 4 cm) and then every 30-60 minutes until the end of the active phase of the first stage of labor according to the patient's desire. Pain assessment line was used to evaluate the severity of labor pain. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 24) and analysis of variance, Chi-square and Repeated Measurement tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of mean pain intensity at the beginning of the active phase before the intervention (P=0.690). After the intervention, there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups at the end of the active phase (P<0.001), the second stage (P<0.001) and the third stage of labor (P<0.001). Also, pain intensity in the second stage of labor was lower in the date syrup group compared to the honey-saffron syrup group (P=0.015. But, there was no statistically significant difference between the two intervention groups at the end of the active phase (P=0.928) and the third stage of labor (P=0.652).

Consumption of honey-saffron syrup and date syrup are both effective in reducing labor pain, but date syrup in the second stage of labor is more effective than honey-saffron syrup and it can be used instead of drug interventions to reduce labor pain.

 Post-term pregnancies are pregnancies that last more than 42 full weeks (294 days) from the first day of the last menstrual period. With increasing gestational age, the rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality significantly increases. Among medical methods, misoprostol is widely used to prepare the cervix in post-term pregnancies. But today, due to the high side effects of misoprostol, especially the increasing need for cesarean section, some complementary medicine methods are used to prepare the cervix. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Misoprostol and Evening primrose oil capsule with Misoprostol on delivery method in post-term pregnancies.

 This study was performed as a single-blind randomized clinical trial on 130 pregnant women with post-term pregnancy referring to the delivery ward of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran. The samples were selected by available sampling method and assigned to the intervention and control groups by random sampling method. In the intervention group, a 500 mg capsule of evening primrose oil was given vaginally and 25 micrograms of misoprostol were given sublingually, and in the control group, an ineffective capsule was given vaginally with 25 micrograms of misoprostol sublingually. Demographic data, clinical characteristics and delivery method were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 and statistical tests such as Chi-square, t-test and ANOVA. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

 Findings showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic and midwifery characteristics and the two groups were homogeneous in this respect (P>0.05). But in the evening primrose oil and misoprostol group, the mean bishop score was significantly increased compared to the misoprostol group (P<0.05). Also, in the evening primrose oil and misoprostol group (12.3%), the need for cesarean section was lower than placebo and misoprostol group (41.5%) (P<0.0001).

 The results of the study showed that the use of vaginal capsules of evening primrose oil with misoprostol compared to misoprostol alone while helping to ripening the cervix is associated with a lower rate of cesarean section.

Preeclampsia is one of the pregnancy complications and is a multiple organ disorder that occurs in 3 to 5 percent of all pregnancies in western countries. Regarding to the involvement of the autonomic and sympathetic systems in pathophysiology of preeclampsia, the role of stress is highlighted in exacerbating the condition. Since the role of factors such as domestic violence is raised in the incidence or exacerbation of preeclampsia, and with regard to the growth and prevalence of domestic violence in the country, this study was performed with aim to determine the association between domestic violence and preeclampsia.

This case-control study was performed on110 post-partum women in two groups of 55 subjects (preeclampsia and non-preeclampsia) in Beasat hospital of Sanandaj in 2017. Demographic data were collected using researcher-made Demographic-Midwifery questionnaire, and then data related to domestic violence using World Health Organization domestic violence questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and t-test, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

There was no significant relationship between domestic violence by husband and preeclampsia (P = 0.203). The risk of preeclampsia in the case of domestic violence and physical violence was 1.5 times than control group, sexual violence was 1.6 times than control group, and psychological violence was 1.2 times than control group. There was no significant association between physical, sexual and mental violence with preeclampsia (P=0.328, P=0.473 and P=0.606, respectively).

No significant relationship was found between the incidence of preeclampsia and the types of violence.

Menstrual disorders are one of the most common complaints of women, they have a wide range including delayed periods to painful periods. They are common and benign and can lead to decreased quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of menstrual disorders and its related factors in the students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences.

This was a descriptive-analytical study. The statistical population included students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. We used cluster sampling and selected 300 students. Research tools included a questionnaire consisted of 10 demographic questions, 26 main questions and a chart for measurement of the amount of menstrual bleeding in a period. Data were introduced into STATA 12 and SPSS 22 softwares and analyzed by independent t-test, χ2 and Fisherchr('39')s test.

The prevalence of menstrual disorders in the study population was 15.3%. The most and least common disorders were dysmenorrhea and hypomenorrhea. Dysmenorrhea had significant relationships with, body mass index (P = 0.044) and age (P = 0.021). There was also a significant relationship between marital status and mastalgia (P = 0.015). We found a significant relationship between menorrhagia and age (P = 0.026), and also between hypermenorrhea and age (P = 0.045).

The results of this study showed presence of at least one type of menstrual disorder among the students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences as an example of society, which is a threat to the individual and social life of women and girls.

Pregnancy is often associated with various psychological problems, such as anxiety. However, these problems are often overlooked and not treated. This study aimed to determine the effect of mindfulness-based stress reduction (BMSR) on anxiety in pregnant women in Sanandaj, Iran.

This semi-experimental research had a pretest-posttest design and control group. In total, 500 pregnant mothers referred to clinics and delivery ward of Besat Hospital in Sanandaj were selected by convenience sampling. After completing the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory, 250 individuals with a high anxiety level were detected, 50 of whom were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group participated in eight MBSR teaching sessions, whereas the subjects in the control group received no treatment. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using independent and paired t-tests.

In this study, 35% of the participants had an MSc and 40% had a diploma. In addition, 90% of the subjects were housewives, and the mean age at marriage was 24.4+60.95 years. Moreover, 77.5% had the intention to choose natural delivery. According to the results, obvious and hidden anxiety was reported at a moderate-to-high level in 50% of the cases. Furthermore, the mean obvious anxiety changed from 45.9 to 49.8 (P>0.05) and from 46.9 to 37.8 (P<0.05) in the control and intervention groups, respectively. On the other hand, hidden anxiety changed from 42.9 to 47.8 (P>0.05) and from 44.9 to 38.8 (P>0.05) in the control and intervention groups, respectively. While the intervention was significantly effective in terms of reduced obvious anxiety, there is insignificant reduction in hidden anxiety in the participants.

Given the effectiveness of MBSR on anxiety of pregnant mothers, this method can be used to reduce anxiety in these individuals.