فهرست مطالب ریحانه فقیهیان

 The most important goal behind preparing root canal is to clean the root canal. Using rotary instruments facilitate the preparation of root canal, and also it helps a better cleaning of the canal. The present study aimed to evaluate the attitude and performance of pediatric dentists about using rotary files in primary dental pulpectomy in Iran.

Methods and Materials: 

The present study is a cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted in 150 Iranian pediatric dentists in 2020. The questionnaires were completed by 148 dentists. The demographic data and the practice and attitude of Iranian pediatric dentists to using rotary files in the pulpectomy of primary teeth were collected. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test with significant level less than 0.05.

In the present study 45.6% of the participants used rotary files. While 55.8% of dentists reported that the most important advantage of rotary files compared to manual files is the reduction of working time, 62.2% of dentists reported that the most significant disadvantage of using rotary files compared to manual files in deciduous teeth is the high price of rotary files and necessary equipment. In this study 85% of the dentists reported using rotary files for both E and D deciduous teeth.

 Overall, based on the findings of the present study, the total prevalence of using rotary files in the pulpectomy of primary teeth among Iranian pediatric dentists is 45.6%.

 Apexification is a method to create a calcification barrier in teeth with open apex and pulp necrosis. For many years, calcium hydroxide was the most common substance for this purpose. Nowadays, apexification with other materials that can yield better results in one session has become more popular.

For a 9-year-old boy complained of “tooth decay”, apexification treatment was performed by MTA on the lower right sixth permanent molar and by cold ceramic on the lower left sixth permanent molar. At one-year follow-up, no symptoms were observed on clinical examination and radiography of both teeth.

 Cold ceramic such as MTA can be considered effective in the apexification of immature tooth with pulp necrosis.

 Various symptoms have been attributed to tooth eruption. Further, parents use different strategies to reduce or eliminate these symptoms. This study was aimed to evaluate parental information about eruption of primary teeth in Isfahan, Iran. 

 This descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted on 100 parents having six-month- to three-year-old children referring to the dental clinics or offices in Isfahan. A questionnaire with validated face and content validity was designed to collect data. It included questions about demographic characteristics, eruption time and the first erupted tooth, symptoms of eruption, and control of symptoms. Data were analyzed by frequency distribution, relative frequency, descriptive indices, and Chi-square test via SPSS 22.     

The most frequent symptoms parents agreed with included high tendency to bite and chew, high saliva flow, and gingival inflammation, respectively. Fever was the most frequent symptom the majority of parents disagreed with. The most frequent methods used by the parents included hugging the child and amusing the child. The most frequent disagreement was reported for the use of sleeping drugs. No significant correlation between parental information about tooth eruption and economic status, parental education, parental age, and number of children was found. The mean score of parental information was 2.37 ± 0.97 and degree of response was 96% (p value < 0.05).   

Parents’ knowledge about tooth eruption was moderate and acceptable awareness on symptoms of tooth eruption and methods of decreasing the symptoms was found.

Introduction</strong>: COVID-19 pandemic has affected human life and education.. Higher education has been affected by the pandemic and came up with several measures to address the problems. This review endeavored to pinpoint the strategies of top ranked medical universities to mitigate the unhealthy effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.</em>
Methods</strong>: The top 50 medical universities based on QS World University Rankings for medicine 2020 were selected. The universitieschr('39') websites were scrutinized until June 2020to collect data on education strategies.</em>

</strong> The important strategies considered by top-ranked universities were distance virtual education, modifications in the curriculum and lesson planning as well as evaluation and grading. In addition, revising the policies for student ranking and graduation of students were among the important considerations of top-ranked universities.</em>
Conclusion</strong>: This review indicated that top-ranked universities have made rapid decisions to modify their education and evaluation policies during COVID-19 pandemic. By and large, though the modifications considered by these universities were represented in the websites, the detail of these changes were not mentioned. It is recommended to consider other ways of data gathering by international office of universities to achieve more details on these modifications.</em>

Background and Radiographs are essential for detecting proximal caries. The aim of this study was to compare proximal caries detection using intra oral bitewing with film and digital bitewing. Digital bitewing and conventional bitewing radiographs were taken from 100 extracted human teeth. Proximal caries depths in radiographs were scored by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. Then the teeth were sectioned to evaluate and score the depth of caries lesions in proximal surfaces under microscope. Scores of radiographic and histopathologic assessments were compared using ROC curve analysis. The differences of sensitivity and specificity of two techniques were not statistically significant. Accuracy of both radiographic techniques was found to be similar in this study.