زهرا طاهری پور

The concept of condition is an old and well-known principle in jurisprudence and law of Iran and most of its varieties are scrutinized by jurists and lawyers. However, the term Ertekazi condition is not only a new combination in jurisprudence and law but also has uncertainties unique to its concept. Ertekazi condition refers to constant condition in the minds of contractors which is not being discussed prior or after the contract. Furthermore, such uncertainties make the conceptualization of the condition more difficult to understand in relation to the rules governing it, and how similar it is to the other conditions is also under question.  This study aims to explain the nature of these conditions to prove that the credibility of such conditions is as valid as other authorized conditions, which includes all evidence of the fulfillment of the obligation. Finally, regarding this condition, some of its problems and required rules will be discussed.

The rules of jurisprudence, in contrast to the rules of principle, are the rules that flow in all chapters of jurisprudence and used in divining minor rulings. Meanwhile, some jurisprudence rules explain the Islamic society people’s responsibility towards each other. The main question of this study refers to what these rules are and based on which proof these rules can be deduced? The research method of the current study is descriptive analytical research.  The comprehensive data comes from Quran verses, hadiths and the jurists’ quotes. According to some verses and hadiths, the rule of ignorant guidance is a jurisprudential rule that creates responsibility. One of the important applications of this rule is in virtual space which makes the scholars committed and responsible towards the users of this space. Any neglect of this responsibility due to the special features of virtual space on one hand and the lack of sufficient and necessary information among its users on the other hand will cause losses for both scholars and society.

Halleh district replaced Baghdad and Najaf districts in the middle centuries. With the political freedom that was created after the overthrow of the Abbasid Caliphate, the Helians took valuable steps in the direction of developing the culture of comparative education. The leaders of Haliyan in this field were Mohaghegh Halli and Allameh Halli, who were completely surrounded by the theological, jurisprudential, and exegetical opinions of the Sunnis, and far from their prejudices, religious affiliations, and one-sided attitudes, they tried to adapt their opinions to the opinions of Imamiyya jurists. At the same time, Shiite scholars While writing works centered on controversial issues, Shahrhalla was the founder of intra-religious comparative education.The importance of Helian's activity in the field of comparative education according to their time situation is to preserve, transfer and convey the legacy of the predecessors to the future and provide a theoretical and practical model in the face of the opinions of the opponents and various schools of thought. The comparative scientific and intellectual community of Helleh has developed a defined method and a system for the transmission of scientific findings in successive ages, which can be placed as a successful model in this field, one of the

In the process of communication, non-verbal communication has a special role and validity. Today, the position of this type of communication has been more attention and scrutinized by scholars than in the past. Among the types of non-verbal communication, eyes are more important than other parts of the face in transferring concepts. It is necessary to understand and recognize the religion's opinion about the most important type of interaction in human society, that is, the gaze between a male and a non-maḥram woman; especially in the current situation where the media is making lots of effort to normalize relations between non-maḥram people. In this article, the most important document on the gaze between non-homosexuals, i.e. verse 30 of Nūr, is examined; and the opinions of thinkers and lexicographers have been explained about the central word of the verse, which is ghaḍ. Since determining the rules and dos and don'ts of non-verbal communication of gaze can be followed in the opinions of jurists, therefore the opinions of elders in this field have been researched and presented.

With the tremendous advancements in the field of science and technology and the invention of new electronic technologies, the lifestyle of human society has also undergone a transformation. These changes have been evident in all areas, including the formation of contracts and legal agreements such as the marriage contract, which can now be concluded through modern methods of electronic contracting. Therefore, the legitimacy of modern methods of contracting marriage is of great importance from a jurisprudential and legal perspective. This issue has been examined in various sources, including existing documents and records in this field, as well as jurisprudential and legal texts of both Iran and Egypt. It can be said that from a jurisprudential and legal perspective, the specific terminology used in the marriage contract holds a special position in determining its legitimacy. This is because the intention and volition of the parties involved are expressed through words, rather than actions. However, if written or electronic correspondence is used in the process of contracting, the legitimacy of the contract may be subject to doubt. These key concepts, including legitimacy, methods, contracting, marriage, Iran, and Egypt, have been thoroughly examined and analyzed in the aforementioned sources

The prophet of God (peace and blessings of Allah be upon her), after thirteen years of propaganda in Mecca, migrated to Medina and they formed an Islamic government there. The Prophet in Mecca tried to guide the people and form an Islamic government but inevitably, due to the intensification of the persecution of the opposition, they migrated to Medina and formed an Islamic government there. The prophet Mohammad (peace and blessings of God be upon her) faced many wars in Medina that the aim of this research is examining the Prophet's communication methods in these wars. For this purpose, the historical book of Altabaghat, Sira al- Nabawiyyah (Ibne Hesham) and Tarikhe Yaghobi (The history of Yaghobi) are investigated through purposive sampling with qualitative content analysis that the results of them are included of six main articles that each of them is included of some subcategories. These six articles are included of Prophet's communication methods,  Features of the Prophet as the source of the message, how to deliver the message, observance of the principle of audience studies, how to respect human values and the Prophet's communication techniques at wars.

Human societies have become more complex due to population growth, the complexity of laws, and the growth of various social and communication sciences. In Islamic societies, jurisprudential rules and regulations have entered into these relationships due to their adherence to religion. With the expansion of modern communication technologies and the widespread use of media by individuals in society, the complexity of these interactions has increased. The rights of the audience have flourished as public citizen rights in these communications. While the media are responsive to the needs of the audience, they are obligated to respect the rights of the audience in order to ensure their own survival. Commercial advertising in the media is susceptible to engaging with problematic areas, including jurisprudential rules and topics such as deception, manipulation, arrogance, and non-harm. Failure to respect the rights of the audience not only harms the media itself but also harms the society in which the media operates. This is a right that the law has granted to the audience based on existing jurisprudential rules. If commercial advertising causes harm to the audience for any reason, the media is responsible for compensating for the material and spiritual damages resulting from that act and can prevent its dissemination and publication to prevent harm. In this article, we seek to examine the necessity of applying jurisprudential rules in the laws and structures of commercial advertising to respect the rights of the audience.

The spread of prostitution is one of the issues that verse 19 of Surah al-Nisa refers to, and it prohibits Muslims from committing it. Knowing the meaning of this issue, its ruling in the Quran and other sources and the scope of the verse's inclusion of the examples that did not occur at the time of the revelation of the Quran are among the important issues surrounding this verse. In this article, an attempt has been made to find out the status of the new examples of prostitution spread resulting from changes in human communication and interactions due to an emerging phenomenon called cyberspace using the cases that were previously considered as true examples of prostitution spread referred to in this verse. In this article, the spread of prostitution refers to an act that has either been made public by the perpetrator or by another person. Hence, the main element in the concept and recognition of emerging examples is the dissemination of this behavior. Since this verse is among the verses of the revealed prescripts and jurists have made more attempts than commentators to interpret and explain it, it is necessary to pay attention to their research in this article.

The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between watching TV promotion programs with students' reading culture and their study culture. Are. The research method in this study is a survey and library and field method were used to collect data. The statistical population of this study consisted of communication science students from Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Soura and Azad Entrance Science Research Branches of 95 and 96 years. The statistical population of the research is 1050 people and the sample size is 281 and the respondents were selected randomly according to the size of the study. Simple random sampling was performed. The results were extracted and analyzed using SPSS. Next, the findings describe and distribute the frequency of the respondents according to the contextual variables and components of the study culture, including "book purchase", "daily study", "library borrowed books", "home-held books". And "studying a particular type of book" is described. The hypothesis of the relationship between the independent variable and the components of the study culture was statistically tested. The results show that watching television promotion programs on television is related to students' reading culture.

The civil law in Article 1258, has listed written documents as one of evidence in substantiation of claims and also in Article 1284, the document has been limited to "writing". On the other hand, the continuous use of these types of tools has caused the legislator to take an important step in creating relations and communication through this category of tools by emerging the Iran Electronic Commerce Law. But in many cases, this law has remained silent. One of the existing gaps is silence in the family domain. In previous studies, the use of modern tools in criminal and civil lawsuits has been discussed. The main focus of this research is on the status of using modern tools from a legal point of view as evidence in claims substantiation of the couples’ claims. This study presented that the validity and legal validity of modern tools compared to traditional documents in legal courts and explained the ability to cite to them(message, email, video, recorded voice, screenshot, etc.). this study concluded that electronic documents can perform much better and more efficiently than traditional documents. The judicial decisions which are used by judge in family Case shows that they have cited these tools as valid documents and solid proofs in the  couples’ claim.

Cet article examine la vie de l'imam Sadjad en mettant l'accent sur ses pratiques de relations interpersonnelles et pour cela l’auteur de l’article recourt aux documents historiques et aux œuvres de l’Imam Sad telles que Sahifeh Sadjadieh. Le but de cette recherche est de répondre à la question de savoir quelle est la relation interpersonnelle d’Imam avec les autres personnes issues de milieux différents ? Étant donné que les conditions politiques et sociales particulières avaient créées des restrictions et des menaces, de telle sorte qu'une relation libre ne pouvait pas être facilement rendue possible pour l'imam. Cette recherche est descriptive-analytique de type pratique, réalisée par la méthodologie documentaire. Les résultats montrent que l'Imam, dans les mesures du possible, a tiré profit des procédés tels que l’explication, les conduites délicates et agréables, les actes charitables et bienfaits contre le mal qu’il recevait. Les résultats obtenus reflètent, une partie des relations interpersonnelles du quatrième Imam qui peut être considérée comme un modèle efficace et performant dans la société actuelle.

The main purpose of the educathional messages lslamic of lran broadcasting optimal pattern of water use among housewives Tehran. This method and instrument was a questionnaire survey. Population o f this research are house wives Tehran (2/412/818 individuals) The sample size based on a sample errorof5% and a maximum variance at 95%, That is 400people ,that in dividuals with cluster samp ling triple in 5chidren (reghon3 (north,4(east)5(west),6(center )and16(sout)stuied in Tehran were ran domly selected,so that the number of bloks in each region and in each block a number of Households and in house holds with a house wife inter views and questionnaires is Completed the correlation coefficients and statistical tests show that the dependent variable model (model water)with in dependent variables(knowledgehouse wives)(correlation coefficient-0/315) (the impact of Tlevisionsignals)(corration coefficient-0/635) (repeticipation of television signals)(correlation coefficient - 0/274),and (satis faction with the perfor manceof the tv culture of water efficiency) (correlation coefficient-0244) have inverserelationship. The correlation coefficient between the dependent variable and statistical analysis shows that the model (Modelwater) and the independent variable (familiaritywith Educational messeages television) there is no relationship(correlation corfficient0/095)

The Resurrection is one of the important issues to which a significant portion of Quranic verses are devoted. Persuasion denotes transmitting the message to the audience, changing his / her attitude and, consequently, changing his / her behavior. The question the present article seeks to answer is: ‘What is the Quran's persuasion method for transferring the concept of resurrection to humans?’ The following results were obtained by searching the resources related to the communications science and the verses related to the Resurrection and the Day of Judgment: first, the Quranic messages were delivered to the people by the Prophet (p.b.u.h.). Then, the attention of the audience was caught. Next, using various statements, God formulated the messages in such a way that the receiver could understand them, accept the result, not to forget the new attitude, and eventually adopt some kind of behavior compatible with the Resurrection.

Hilla was established by the Shiite Banu Mazid Dynasty in the fifth century (A.H.) and before long it became one of the official footholds and educational circles of Twelver Shiites. Presence of such renowned figures as Ibn Idris Hilli, Allamah Hilli, Mohaqeq Hilli and Fakhr al-Mohaqeqin in this city brought it great fame, attracted many famous scholars from all over the world to Hilla, and paved the way for the outmost scientific prosperity of the seminary of this Shiite city. Establishment of an atmosphere for scientific debate and dialogue in this city led to the growth of Islamic sciences, especially in the fields of hadith, Islamic jurisprudence and principles of Islamic jurisprudence. Such noteworthy achievements as hadith manuscripts with diverse styles and approaches, revival of jurisprudential thinking, categorization of hadiths on the basis of documentation and compilation of books on hadith narrators, upholding comparative Islamic jurisprudence and modernism, and jurisprudential indexing are among the accomplishments of the activities of the eminent Shi’ite scholars from the sixth century to the ninth century (A.H.) in this center.