زهرا علی خانی

High body mass index (BMI) is an indicator of health risk that may affect body image concerns and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of excessive weight on quality of life and body image concern among women referring to beauty and nutrition centers in Nowshahr.

203 women with body mass index above 25, ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference above 0.80 and age above 18 years were included in the study from February 1402 to May 1403. Data were collected using three questionnaires: 1- demographic information, 2- (body image concern, BICI) and 3- (SF- quality of life questionnaire). After collecting information and coding the questionnaires, the data was entered into SPSS software version 21 and analyzed at the level of descriptive and inferential statistics.

The results showed that there is an inverse relationship between body mass index and body image (p<0.000) and quality of life (p<0.000) of women with excessive weight.

Since the results showed that women with high body mass index reported low body image and quality of life, it is suggested that people with high body mass index undergo various psychological evaluations including self-confidence, body image and quality of life. In general, the findings of this study show the importance of paying attention to the role of psychological factors in women with a high body mass index. Therefore, the results of this study can be included in treatment plans.

The use of nanoparticles is one of the newest methods of making vaccines. Nano-vaccines based on biodegradable polymers produce stronger immune system responses. The aim of this study was to design a Haemophilus influenzae type b nanovaccine in an animal model.

 

In this study, PRP of Haemophilus influenzae was loaded in the structure of PLGA-Chitosan nanoparticles. Confirmation of AFM, FT-IR size and charge, percentage of release and loading of antigens from the structure of nanoparticles were calculated and the toxicity and antigenicity of nanovaccines were tested by ELISA method. Four groups of female mice were selected and grouped for vaccination. Vaccination and blood sampling were performed from mice’s heart and serum samples were collected and antibody responses against PRP were measured for total IgG and IgM. Pathological examination was performed to evaluate the extent of tissue damage.

Increasing the particle size from 167 ± 47.3 to 209 ± 4.2 and AFM electron microscope images before and after antigen loading showed the success of antigen encapsulation in the nanoparticle structure with 78% efficiency. The results of ELISA and vital organ pathology showed an increase in the titer of total IgG and IgM antibodies in the HIB nanovaccine compared to PRP and the lack of toxicity of the nanovaccine in the vital organs of mice.

The results indicate that resulting nanovaccine has far more absorption and immunogenicity and can act as an effective vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b diseases.

The aim of this article is to examine the texts of Imam Khomeini’s Sahifa in the form of religious democracy. To answer the question, to what extent does the leadership of Imam Khomeini (during the Islamic Revolution correspond to the approach of religious democracy Provide a suitable answer. Achieving this goal, the researcher hypothesized that Imam Khomeini (using the space of society presented a style of populism for the victory of the revolution, which is consistent with the views of religious democracy. Meanwhile, the theory of religious democracy He is without theoretical form and theoretical context and includes scattered single propositions, so in this research we have tried to analyze the content. The quantitative and qualitative set of 22 volumes of his lecture, which were selected as random sampling, provided theoretical information for his point of view. To do this, a model of the political system can be extracted from their political ideas. Democracy is religiously consistent

Worry, negative beliefs, rumination and flexibility are important topics in the phenomenon of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Worries are usually activated as a coping strategy in response to the disturbing thoughts. When negative beliefs are activated, a worried person evaluated a thought in a negative manner that is worried about worry. Rumination is similar to worry, with the difference that rumination focuses on the bad feelings of past experiences. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the components of meta-worry, mental rumination and mental flexibility with obsessive spectrum disorder. For this aim, in the descriptive - correlation research among all staff of Medical Sciences University of  Qazvin, 76 people were selected  by convenience sampling method and were tested in terms of mental rumination, contemplation, mindfulness, obsessive-compulsive, custodial, muscular, skin manipulation and practical obsessive-compulsive skills. According to multiple correlation analysis method (focal correlation) and multiple regression, there is a significant relationship between component of meta-worry, mental rumination and mental flexibility with obsessive-compulsive disorder and meta-worry component with obsessive compulsive and body deformity. It is suggested that therapists and specialist with educational programs that involve modifying and changing the meta-cognitive beliefs ineffective will result in the emergence and continuation of obsessive-compulsive behaviors in other obsessive-compulsive disorders that are seriously related to psychological, familial, social and economic harm. Followed, prevented.

This research was aimed to identify and prioritize the enterprises related to medicinal plants in Chardavol County. In the present study, due to the nature of the subject, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods (Dominant-Less Dominant and two phases Design) was used. In qualitative and quantitative phases, depth interviews and descriptive- survey method were used, respectively. The population of qualitative phase was experts of medicinal plants of which 12 people participated in the research by using purposeful sampling method. In quantitative phase, the population was 84 experts of which 50 people were selected by using simple random sampling and based on Chocran formula as the sample. Questionnaires, designed based on the results of qualitative phase and literature review, were the instrument of data gathering in quantitative phase. The validity of questionnaire was confirmed by panel of experts and the reliability of questionnaire was tested by Cronbach alpha coefficient using SPSS software. Results showed that planting of medicinal plants, business of drying, powder and packing of garlic, business of oil extraction and packing of rapeseed, production of turpentine natural chewing gum, were respectively the most important priority of business of services and production, initial processing, secondary processing and final processing of medicinal herbs.

Crisis is an expanded damage which may turn into a threat if one fails to tackle it on time and can give occasion to damages to national security of country. This study was an attempt to answer to causes and grounds of occurrence of social crises in the age of globalization in The present-day Iran and how one can plan for coping the new social crises according to present-day circumstances. This study aims to shed lights on causes and grounds of occurrence of social crises in globalization era. The study is practical by type and descriptive analytical method is used. The sample size of statistical population of this study is a number of 83 experts amany police and security forces of police and security area and considering the limited size, all of the members of statistical population are used as sample size. In the response to the question that what are cause and grounds of occurrence of social crises in globalization era, researcher collected the data, and provided a questionnaire consisted of 18 item due to the native of the variables and after distributing and collecting questionnaires, the answers were analyzed statistically in SPSS software using Freedman test.The results of the study that the most important causes of occurrence of social crises are: increased level of inflation, increase of unemployment statistics, corruption in governmental institutions and administrative system of country, increase of social damages and discrimination in offering resources and facilities.

There is an interaction between the society and language in which the sociocultural characteristics of different groups are reflected. Therefore, the language could be a tool for understanding these subcultural and social characteristics. This article aims at exploring the relations between colloquial language (slang) of youth and dominant discourse of the society and social institutions and examining the role and function of this informal language as well. Our theoretical framework is a combination of Bakhtin's carnival theory and the relations between language and power in Ferklauf's discourse. The gathered data is analyzed by using discourse analysis and Ferklauf's analytical pattern. The research population was the personal blogs (live blogs) of youths aged 15-29 from 2006 to 2009. Besides, we selected 30 blog texts as a sample by the use of a purposive sampling method. Finally, we came to the conclusion that the colloquial language is not used similarly and homogenously in youth subculture; conversely, based on the social space of its usage, this language is used differently. This informal language as a carnival language challenges the dominant order and social institutions and resists the dominant ideological norms and values in secret. This carnivalian resistance shows itself variously in different cultural and ideological spaces in the city.

Decision making with regard to the dividend is an important topic because this is influenced by various factors such as economic factors. One of the economic factorsis the company's life cycle. According to the life-cycle theory, companies in different stages of the life cycle show specific behaviors financially and economically. It means that institutions and companies follow specific policy according to stage of their economic life. Thus, the present study investigates the relationship between cash dividends paid and investment at the company's life cycle in listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Accordingly, the research hypotheses were tested using the mix data regression in Tehran stock exchange with regard to the related data from 2003 to 2012. Among all attended companies, 680 companies were selected as the statistical sample. The findings show that there is a significant direct relationship between the cash dividend and investment,but this relationship differs in various stages of the company's life cycle.

In many companies, the assembly approves the percent of the dividend based on the company reported earnings. While it seems that the auditor's comments reflected in Adjustment clauses independent audit report are not given enough attention. So, it is expected that using this research, we could study the explanatory power of earnings per share according to the adjustment clauses independent audit report on cash dividends. For this goal, we consider the Tehran stock exchange related data between 1382-1391 and use pooled data regression method. Among all attended companies, about 70 companies are selected as the statistical sample. The results of this research verify the significant negative effect of the earnings per share (EPS) determined by the company on interest payments, due to the effects of the adjustment clauses independent audit report (as a variable which moderates the relationship between EPS determined by the company and the earnings per share etermined by assembly). These results also indicate that the effect of this variable is not significant on the relationship between the earning per share determined by the company and Dividend per share.

Iran is located in a roughly triangular deforming region, consisting of relatively undeformed shield areas to the southwest (Arabia) and northeast and the more recently deformed, though currently inactive, southwest Afghanistan block in the east. The current geological and tectonic setting of Iran is due to the ongoing convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian Plates, which resulted in the formation of the Iranian plateau, mountain building, extensive deformation and seismicity. The deformation involves intracontinental shortening except where the Oman Sea subducts towards the north beneath the southern east of Iran. The edges of the deformation zone are well defined by the distribution of seismicity and the local topography. It is concentrated in the mountain belts along the SW borders (Zagros), the southern shore of the Caspian Sea (Alborz) and along the NE (Kopeh Dagh) and eastern borders. These belts enclose a series of relatively aseismic and flat blocks. The Isfahan Seismic Network belongs to IGUT (Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran), consists of 5 stations, which are located in Isfehan province. The short-period seismographs (SS-1) are connected to the central recording station via telemetry. The recording is performed on an event-triggered basis. Teleseismic data between 2000 and 2007 have been used in this study. More than 200 teleseismic events with magnitudes greater than 5.5 at epicentral distances between 30○ and 95○ have been used for P receiver function analysis. Then we have been processed all of data by using the P receiver function and Zhu and Kanamori (2000) methods to calculate the Moho depth and VP/VS ratio beneath Isfahan region. The teleseismic P receiver function method has become a popular technique to constrain crustal and upper mantle velocity discontinuities under a seismic station (e.g. Langston, 1977; Owens et al., 1984; Kind and Vinnik, 1988; Ammon, 1991; Kosarev et al., 1999; Yuan et al., 2000). Telesismic body waveforms recorded at a three-component seismic station contain a wealth of information on the earthquake source, the earth structure in the vicinity of both source and the receiver, and mantle propagation effects. The resulting receiver function is obtained by removing the effects of source and mantle path. The basic aspect of this method is that a few percent of the incident P wave energy from teleseismic events at significant and relatively sharp velocity discontinuities in the crust and upper mantle will be converted to S wave (Ps), and arrive at the station within the P wave coda directly after the direct P wave. Ps converted waves are best observed at epicentral distances between 30° and 95° and are contained largely on the horizontal components. The amplitude, arrival time, and polarity of the locally generated Ps phases are sensitive to the S-velocity structure beneath the recording station. By calculating the time difference in arrival of the converted Ps phase relative to the the direct P wave, the depth of the discontinuity can be estimated using a reference velocity model (in this paper, the IASP91 reference velocity model is used). After rotating the coordinate system into a local LQT (P-SV-SH) recording system, in which the L component is in the direction of the incident P wave, the Ps energy is mostly observed on the Q component perpendicular to the L component. The Q components (P receiver functions) contain Ps converted waves as well as related S type multiples. To obtain the P receiver function, the following steps are generally used. Restitution, To utilize data recorded at different types of seismometers, the instrument responses have to be deconvolved. Rotation, Firstly, the two horizontal components N and E are rotated to radial (R) and tangential (T) directions. Most of the energy of the direct P and Ps waves are dominating the Z and R components, respectively. To isolate the converted Ps wave from the direct P wave, the ZRT components are rotated into an LQT (P-SV-SH) ray-based coordinate system, in which the L component is in the direction of the incident P wave; the Q component is perpendicular to the L component and is positive away from the source; the T component is the third component of the LQT right hand system. Deconvolution, To eliminate the influence of the source and ray path, an equalization procedure is applied by deconvolving the Q and T component seismograms with the P signal on the L component (Yuan et al., 2000, 2002). The resulting Q component data are named P receiver functions and are mainly composed of the P-to-S converted energy and contain information on the structure beneath a seismic station. The arrival time of the converted Ps phase in receiver functions depends on depth of the discontinuity, whereas the amplitude of the converted phase depends on the S-wave velocity contrast across the discontinuity. Moveout correction (distance equalization), The converted Ps phases are usually weak and of low amplitude. In order to increase signal-to-noise, it is necessary to align and stack receiver functions from different epicentral distances at each station. However, successful alignment and constructive summation of conversion phases requires that the receiver functions be equalized in terms of their ray parameters. Migration, To improve the spatial resolution and convert the delay times into depths, the Ps amplitudes on each receiver function can be back projected along the ray path onto the spatial locations of the conversion points to their true locations in a process similar to migrating in exploration seismology (Kosarev et al., 1999). The ray paths are calculated using a one dimensional global velocity model (IASP91) with assumption that conversions are produced from planar interfaces. Sometimes a spatial smoothing filter is used to improve the spatial correlation so that the space is gridded and back projected amplitudes originating from adjacent boxes are stacked to improve signal to noise ratio. Estimation of crustal thickness and Vp/Vs ratio, The converted Ps phase and crustal multiples (PpPs, PpSs and PsPs) contain a wealth of information concerning the average crustal properties such as the Moho depth and the Vp/Vs ratio. We compute P receiver functions (PRF) for all stations. We rotate the ZNE-component waveforms into the local LQT ray-based coordinate system and deconvolved the L component from the Q component to isolate the P-to-S conversions on the Q component. Individual and summed PRF for PIR station are presented in Fig 2(Up) and VP/VS ratio base on Zhu and Kanamori (2000) method is plotted in Fig 2(Bottem) as an example. P receiver function analysis of recorded events between 2000 and 2007 by 5 short period stations from the Isfehan Seismic Network shows clear conversions from the crust mantle boundary beneath the Isfehan region and VP/VS ratio. We have been able to present clear images from the Moho at depths ranging from 38.5 to 43 km beneath the Isfahan region and VP/VS ratio ranging 1.71 to 1.79. The average Moho depth and Vp/Vs ratio are achieved 40 km and 1.74 which confirmed previous results obtained by other methods.