فهرست مطالب زینب برزگرماهر

Human perfection and happiness have always been mentioned as the ultimate goal in Islamic mystical texts; Al-Tayir Attar"s logic, one of the outstanding works of mysticism, in the form of an allegorical journey, presents a specific pattern of behavior for man to achieve happiness; On the other hand, positive psychology, by emphasizing the cultivation of moral virtues such as humility, kindness, self-control, seeks to create lasting satisfaction in life; The purpose of this research is to apply the characteristics of positivist psychology in Attar"s logic based on Martin Seligman"s model in order to prove the aspects of positive thinking in Attar"s mind and mystical language.

The current research is done in an analytical and descriptive way and based on library sources, the statistical community is al-Tayr Attar region and the statistical sample of verses related to the allegorical story of birds and Simorgh.

The current research shows that all six clusters of wisdom, courage, moderation, social activities, love and excellence in Seligman"s theory have specific examples in the logic of Altair Attar; Traveling in Altair region is like a process that seeks self-acceptance and self-awareness; It causes positive thinking; Group action of birds, critical thinking and freedom of action are manifestations of positive social thinking in al-Tayr region; Also, the connection of thirty chickens with Simorgh is a manifestation of the concept of excellence in this system, which has a significant affinity with the ultimate goal in Seligman"s positivist theory.

The result of this research shows that before the Western theorists in the last century addressed the importance of moral virtues, spirituality and faith in the development of the human psyche, Islamic mysticism in the past centuries comprehensively and completely addressed this category in the form of works such as Logical Al-Tayr. Is; Therefore, the theory of positive thinking has an Iranian-Islamic background; In the psychological layers of the text, al-Tir Attar"s logic includes prominent elements of positive thinking and by emphasizing the potential capabilities of man, it provides the ideal norm for the advancement of human kind.

The school of surrealism, one of the greatest literary schools in the world in the 20th century, tries to recreate reality by giving originality to dreams and imagination; The present study examines the hypothesis of Forough Farrokhzad's use of the elements of the surrealism school in the poem "Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season" and seeks to answer the question that the descriptive compositions in the poem "Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season" are compatible and related to surrealism. has it,For this purpose, first, using the content analysis method, the descriptive compounds used in this poem were extracted and classified based on the components of the school of surrealism. Then, by presenting a surrealist interpretation, it became clear that the language of Forough's poetry was affected by the characteristics of surrealism: 1- unreal things, 2- love, 3- idealistic point, 4- black humor, 5- death thoughts, 6- invalidity of dimensions. Also, the analysis of the frequency of each of the mentioned components by the statistical analysis software revealed that more than 90% of the images in the poem "Let's believe in the beginning of the cold season" have a surrealistic basis. In the meantime, thinking about death has the most frequency and paying attention to love and disrupting the real dimensions have the least frequency.

The aim of the current research was to examine the women characteristics in the “Fire without Smoke” novel with emphasis on the humanistic psychology theories. The statistical universe encased all the “Fire without Smoke” novel text. The sample of the research enfolded the women characteristics in the mentioned novel. the research method was analytical-descriptive. And the two models of Frankel's logo-therapy and Rogers' fully functioning were utilized to psychologically examine the women characteristics in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel. The data were gathered via library method. The findings of the research showed that women played roles, in the form of different characters such as wife, mother, doctor, university professor, and writer in the novel “Fire Without Smoke”, and they had a significant impact on the culture of society during the Pahlavi era. The will to freedom and challenging the banal dominating culture were the distinct women characteristics in the novel that were manifested in cases such as literacy teaching- learning, the right to choose in marriage, equality and equality with men had appeared. The culture that governed the lives of women in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel had been formed in a bed of suffering. The personality traits such as the achievement motive and to overcome social limitations, love and excellence were the prominent manifestations of the resistance culture in the lives of the suffering women of this novel. It could be concluded that the women in the “Fire Without Smoke” novel were influential in the formation of their character and destiny, family and society, and they were one of the important foundations of the cultural developments mentioned in this novel.

"Fire Without Smoke" is a political-social novel by Nader Ebrahimi. This novel, in seven volumes and more than two thousand pages, corresponds to the social events of the years of writing the book. (Ebrahimi, 2013: 3).  The psychological analysis of the novel provides the literary critic with the tools needed to discover the intellectual and psychological aspects governing the layers of the text and makes it possible to analyze the behavioral actions in the novel; As "the best interpretations about leadingliterary works have a psychological aspect" (Shamisa, 2006: 251).In this research, humanistic theories (Maslow, Frankel) have been used for the psychological criticism of the "Fire without Smoke Novel". Humanism is a psychological approach that emphasizes the free will and conscious mind of man (Maddy, 1996: 95) and is a reaction to the school of psychoanalysis that considered man to be affected by unconscious complexes. Humanists believed that man has the right to freedom and self-awareness and rejected the unquestionable influence of environmental factors on the formation of human personality. (Bruno, 1991: 158).The purpose of this research is to determine the degree of adaptation of humanistic psychology components in the creation of the novel "Fire Without Smoke" and seeks to answer these questions:- To what extent does this novel correspond to the perspective of humanistic psychology? What is the frequency of the components of humanistic psychology in the discourse in the novel? What is the relationship between the social-political themes in the novel Fire without Smoke and the intellectual system of humanism?

This research is based on qualitative analysis and library studies. According to this method, the discourse in the seven volumes of the novel "Fire without Smoke" has been extracted and classified based on psychological components and then analyzed.

Discuss:

Paying for the basic living needs, especially water and bread (Ebrahimi, 2009: 1/201) corresponds to the first layer of Maslow's pyramid. Continuous wars - which threaten human life and mental security in the novel (Ebrahimi, 2009: 3/418) - are related to the security layer in Maslow's pyramid. Love in the third layer of Maslow's pyramid is the most frequent theme in the fire without smoke (Ebrahimi, 2009: 5/104). According to Maslow's fourth layer, the main characters in the novel have a lot of self-esteemand respect (Ebrahimi, 2008: 22/2). In the final chapters, extensive cases of self-actualization can be seen as the upper layer of Maslow's pyramid (Ebrahimi, 2009: 7/10).The novel Fire without Smoke is full of sufferings that are mostly imposed on the characters of the novel due to two reasons (ethnic and tribal differences and the oppression of the central government) As if life in this novel happens in suffering. The psychological examination of the suffering in this novel based on Frankl's point of view shows that the heroes of the novel persevere against the sufferings of life by relying on love and hope (Ebrahimi, 2009: 5/298).

After analyzing the novel based on Maslow's pyramid, it was concluded that the first volume focuses most on biological needs, and the second volume, in accordance with the second  layer of pyramid, deals with safety needs, and the following volumes focus most on love, actions and emotions. They are social and self-actualization, and from this point of view, the hierarchy of human needs in the novel Fire Without Smoke shows a perfect match with Maslow's division of basic needs.Another result of this research is that, according to Viktor Frankl's theory of logotherapy, acceptance of suffering is one of the most frequent themes in all seven volumes of the novel "Fire Without Smoke", which plays an effective role in developing the character of the heroes of the novel and causes unity, strength and love.As a result, 1. The components of humanism can provide the basis for the creation of political-social texts; 2. Human freedom and power in creating victory is one of the main and common characteristics between humanist psychology and the "fire without smoke novel".

The aim of the current research was to investigate the hierarchy of women's needs in ancient Iranian stories based on Abraham Maslow's pyramid. The research universe included all ancient Iranian stories. The sample of the research embraced the stories of Kalileh and Demeneh, Marzbannameh, Bakhtiyarnameh, Sindbadnameh and Samak Ayar, based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs in women. The research method was descriptive and analytical. Library method was used to collect data and old Iranian stories and themes related to women's needs based on Abraham Maslow's pyramid were reviewed. Then the collected data was compared and psychologically analyzed, then finally a specific pattern of women's needs was drawn. The results showed that: the existence of different characters, including women's characters and different behaviors, provided the basis for the psychological analysis of the texts. Regarding to this, the psychological needs of women in ancient stories, including the stories of Kalila and Demaneh, Marzbannameh, Bakhtiyarnameh, Sindbadnameh and Samak Ayar, according to their motivation and the level of their inner satisfaction with life was categorized based on the Maslow's pyramid of basic needs (biological needs, need for safety, need for love and affiliation, need for self-esteem and need for self-actualization). Biological needs, which are at the base of Maslow's pyramid were reflected in some of the stories of Kalila and Demeneh, Marzbannameh and Sinbadnameh. Women's need for love, affiliation to others and safety" had been considered in the next levels of the pyramid. Also, in the stories of Kalila and Demeneh, Marzban Nameh and Samak Ayar, there were rflections of self-actualization. In other words, the needs of women in old stories can be categorized based on Abraham Maslow's pyramid of needs. According to Maslow, meeting the needs of each category provides the basis for the emergence of the needs of higher categories. Based on this, in order to flourish and be creative in women, the biological and safety needs must be met first.

Dimna Klylh and Marzban-nameh books included the Lunar A.H 6th and 7th centuries’ stories in Iran. One of the major characters in these stories was the woman character .A variety of features, like jealousy had been attributed to her. On the other hand psychology of women, according to various aspects of the female characteristics, has been investigated jealousy in women. This article recited some of the mentioned stories from Dimna Klylh and Marzban-nameh books while analyzing the attitudes of the creators. Then by scientific and psychological stands and points of view the jealousy characteristic in women was analyzed and compared.