زینب محرابی

Growth of population and economic-social needs of human being led to impressive growth of industries including aquaculture as an important source of protein needs in recent decades. This development which is usually associated with lack of environmental impact studies leads to environmental degradation in many countries. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluation of ecological potential of Kabgian basin for aquaculture. In so doing, texture, depth and erosion of soil, slope, temperature, pH and water flow, stone, sensitive habitats, protected areas, conservation value of species and ArcGIS 10.2 according to 'Makhdoum Aquaculture Model' were used for site selection of fish farming ponds along the Kabgian River. The results showed that from 192 ha extent of the study area, 78.7 ha in the vicinity of Botari village was suitable for the development of aquaculture industry. As regards spatial distribution of fish farming ponds along the Kabgian River is not in a good condition and just focused on a specific part of the river, therefore, self purification potential of river will be decreased. So to reduce of environmental impacts of aquaculture on the water quality of Kabgian River, move the fish farming ponds to suitable areas for aquaculture development is recommended.

The HIV/AIDS is spreading rapidly in the middle east and Iran. The health belief model is one of an appropriate model to assess the preventive behaviors. In this way, this study was conducted to design and evaluate the validity and reliability of a cultural-based psychometric instrument of AIDS in teachers and parents of Iranian students. A scale including 58 items relevant to preventive behaviors in AIDS/HIV was developed by reviewing literature.  Then, content and construct validity were evaluated using qualitative and quantitative methods, through the involvement of the participants and expert panel. The internal consistency was evaluated and approved using Cranach's alpha index, and test-retest analysis. The face and content validity of the primary developed scale was confirmed by item impacts of 1.5, CVR 0.49 and CVI 0.79, and the number of items decreased to 46. Considerably, the exploratory factor analysis approved the construct validity by factor loading of more than 0.40 in six factors (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefit, perceived barrier and perceived self-efficacy), including 35 items that jointly accounted for 59.49 % until 67.20% of the observed variance. The internal validity of the scale was approved by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the subscales ranged from .80 to .86 for each group, and the intra-class correlation coefficient ranged from 86 to .96. The results presented that the developed scale underpinning of the constructs of HBM in preventive behaviors of HIV/AIDs among students, teachers and parents had an appropriate validity; and an acceptable reliabliability.

The pandemic of HIV/AIDS is spreading rapidly in the Middle East, in particular in Iran. Designing an educational program involves assessment of the educational needs of people with valid and culture-based tools. This study was conducted with the aim of psychometric analysis of an instrument for assessment of HIV/AIDS knowledge based on the Iranian culture in different population groups.

In this psychometric analysis, 58 items related to AIDS knowledge were prepared based on a literature review. Then, the face validity and content validity of the instrument was determent by the impact item score, content validity ratio (CVR), and content validity index (CVI). The reliability of the scale was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and test-retest.

Based on face validity and content validity, the research scale had 44 items with an item impact score > 1.5, a CVR > 0.49, and a CVI > 0.79. The Scale had three sections, general knowledge about HIV/AIDS (9 items), knowledge about HIV transmission (25 items), and knowledge about HIV/AIDS prevention (10 items). The Scale also had a high reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient=0.77-0.91, ICC=0.88)

The results of the study showed the instrument was a valid and reliable scale for measurement of knowledge about HIV/AIDS.
Keywords: Psychometric, Face validity, Content validity, Reliability, HIV/AIDS, Knowledge

Fish farming requires proper water quality to increase productivity and reduce health risk exposures while they are emission sources in rivers themselves. The purpose of this research is to evaluate river water quality regarding physicochemical parameters coupling with water quality index (WQI) to study the viability of fish farming expansion. This study is carried out both as field survey and laboratory analysis. Samples were taken bimonthly in 6 periods (2016-2017) from 21 stations from Kabkian River, Iran, including the water body and discharge points. Afterwards, results were statistically analyzed by T-Test regarding the spatial and temporal specifications with SPSS. Experimental results show that dissolved oxygen is over 7 mg/L and WQI is 70 which is classified as good. However, temporal variations of BOD, COD and nitrite concentrations are significant and their average are rather high about 10, 16 and 0.14 mg/L, respectively. Since, BOD is the only parameter with significant spatial variations, it is introduced as the main parameter for river water quality monitoring. Overally, Kabkian water quality is suitable for fish farming. However, due to the possibility of presence of malachite green, it is highly recommended that strict monitoring should be implemented upstream to control fish farm discharges and reduce health risk exposures.

Background and Nowadays, development of aquaculture is one of the reasons for river pollution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aquaculture effluent on physicochemical parameters of Kabkian River in 2011-12. Sampling was conducted during three seasons in 2011-12 from 12 selected stations. Dissolved Oxygen, pH, TDS, EC and T parameters were measured on site and NO3-, NO2-, PO43-, NH4+, BOD5, and COD parameters were measured in laboratory. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in mean concentration of NO2- and COD (P<0.05). The minimum and maximum mean concentrations of NO2- were found with 0.004 ± 0.001 and 0.049 ± 0.01 mg L-1, respectively for stations A, C, and H. Also the minimum and maximum mean concentrations of COD were found with 8.00 ± 1.20 and 27.67 ± 5.33 mg L-1, respectively for stations B and J. The analysis of qualitative parameters in different sampling periods showed significant differences in mean concentrations of studied parameters (P<0.05). According to this study and the WHO recommendation on concentrations of pollutants for drinking and agricultural water, self purification of Kabkian River is possible. However, increasing number of aquaculture farms and lack of monitoring of pollution sources could result in serious problems, especially eutrophication.