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Ensuring food security in developing countries is highly challenging due to low productivity of the agriculture sector, degradation of natural resources, crop losses, less value addition, and high population growth. therefore, researchers are striving to adopt newer technologies to increase the supply of agricultural products. one of these technologies is nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is the science of producing, manufacturing and using materials at the atomic and molecular levels and it can transform various industries, including the agricultural industry, with the help of new tools. Nanotechnology By using new materials such as nanofertilizers, nanoherbicides, nanopesticides, etc., strengthens the soil and increases the growth of plants and with the help of new tools such as nano-sensors and intelligent delivery systems, identifies pathogenes in plants.  For these reasons nanotechnology can be a promising way to increase the productivity of agricultural products.

Chondroitinase ABCI is a bacterial lyase that degrades glycosaminoglycans and promotes axonal growth and functional improvement. However the stability and maintenance of this enzyme is very limited. One of the strategies to overcome this limitation is to immobilize the enzyme. In this research, chondroitinase ABCI (cABCI) from Proteus Vulgaris was immobilized on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Hydroxyapatite is a non-toxic ceramic biomaterial that has a high surface area, which is beneficial for loading a large amount of enzyme. Therefore, to increase the stability of chondroitinase ABCI, immobilization on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for 4 hours through physical adsorption in  phosphate buffer pH 5, 6.8, and 8 at 4◦C was carried out. Enzyme immobilization on hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was then confirmed by field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy and UV-spectroscopy, before and after immobilization. Then, in order to obtain the optimal pH and temperature, the activity of the nanosystem was investigated at three pH and temperatures (4°C, 25°C, and 37°C). Results revealed higher activity at pH 5 and temperature 4 ◦C than the other pH and temperatures for the nanosystem. Based on the obtained results, which show the stability of the nanosystem at all three temperatures compared to the free enzyme, this nanosystem could be a potential candidate for clinical applications in future.

These days biosensors have worthy applications in different fields such as biomedicine, disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, various aspects of the environment, food control, drug production, and assorted sides of medical science. Recently, different types of biosensors such as enzyme biosensors, immune, tissue, DNA, and thermal biosensors have been studied precisely by some research groups. These biosensors have many advantages such as simplicity in implementation, very high sensitivity, automatic performance, intrinsic and natural small size. Another valuable benefit of biosensors is that their high-affinity paring with biomolecules allows sensitive (high-sensitivity) and selective detection from a wide range of analytes. Artificial intelligence (AI) due to its high potency, if combined with biotechnology, like biosensors, can be effective in accurate prediction, diagnosis and treatment of some diseases, including cancer. Today, Machine learning (ML) as one of the branches of AI has become a beneficial tool in analyzing and categorizing obtained data from biosensors for bioanalysis. Using ML algorithms automates the complicated processes of extraction, processing, and assaying data achieved from biosensors. This article is a review for introducing and survey of various biosensors, their applications, and ways to apply them, focusing on cancer and Covid19 which are important diseases in the world obtained from previous studies, as a summary and providing information for researchers which working in this field.