فهرست مطالب سارا سادات تجاره

This study aimed to develop a conceptual model to use the biomimicry approach in design of building envelopes to improve urban ecology. The research was descriptive-analytical and the required data were provided by library and field studies of buildings designed with biomimicry approach. For this purpose, first, biomimicry approach was identified, then twenty samples of biomimetic envelopes were examined, then components and criteria were extracted. The dependency system of the criteria was measured and the importance of each criterion was determined using a network analysis process with a survey of twenty experts in this field and they were weighted with the help of Super-decisions software. As a result, for functional, physical, and formal components, the relevant criteria and sub-criteria were determined according to their importance. Then, a conceptual model of quality evaluation of building envelopes with biomimicry approach was developed. The novelty of this research is the study of biomimicry approach in Iranian envelopes with nature-oriented design. In this regard, using a quality evaluation model, Barin ski building was evaluated so that according to its strengths and weaknesses, designers can make more effective decisions in design of biomimetic building envelopes in Iran.

How to design spaces in cities can have different effects on citizens. The objectives of this study can be to examine the impact of biophilic urban space on the stress of people.

The research method is quasi-experimental. The statistical population of the study consists of 20 bachelor and master students in the field of architecture and urban planning at Tabriz University of Islamic Arts in the academic year 1400. First, students' health was identified using a call announcement and a demographic questionnaire, and these individuals were quantified for stress with the help of a smart wristband while viewing images of biophilic and non-biophilic urban spaces with the help of virtual reality glasses.

Analysis of the results shows that the average change in stress of individuals while viewing non-biophilic images was approximately 2/5 units higher than biophilic ones in the second minute. p-Value is significant between individuals with education in biophilic state and rest in 1 minute and non-biophilic in 2 minutes. The difference between stress number in non-biophilic state and biophilic in 2 minutes is significant (p-value = 023/0) and shows the positive effect of biophilic approach on reducing stress that this efficiency can be considered in the design of future urban spaces.

Special attention of urban designers on the structure of spaces and the use of extraction measures from the biophilic model in different scales cause the design or organization of spaces that significantly reduce the stress of people living in cities.

Usually hospitals are dull and boring places, that patients do not like them. Therefore, not only the patients suffer physically, but they are also mentally under pressure and prefer to leave the hospital as soon as possible; although they still need treatments. This paper attempts to address affecting factors on the mental health of patients, to improve the design of hospital environment. For this aim, first, the traditional ways of treatment such as alternative medicine were studied. Then, three hospitals in Iran were investigated and compared within ones in developed countries. The results of this comparison showed that, in some countries, the hospitals were designed in a way to optimize the therapeutic space. However in the hospitals in Iran, these kinds of considerations were not observed. Therefore, a study was performed, and fifty people including patients, doctors and personnel of hospital were interviewed. The results were analyzed and the factors influencing therapeutic environment, for both patients and staff, were identified using Kansei methodology. Based on the achieved results, some design criteria for designing hospital environment, were identified. These criteria, would help designers to design more beneficial places for the patient in their recovery process in hospitals. The studies also showed an urgent demand of today’s world for alternative medicine, along with modern medical processes.

In the current century, among many challenges facing the humanity, the environmental degradation can be pointed out as a salient one. On the one hand the environmental hazards such as the increase in of the greenhouse gases, global warming, ozone depletion, temperature inversion, energy crisis and the serious damage to the global ecosystem, and on the other hand the rapid technological development and diversity of products all over the world, necessitates a remedy to control and reduce the disastrous effects on the environment, rising from the growing production and consumption. A survey of scientific and industrial developments in the last few decades reveals that the environment can be remedied by the engineers’ effective solutions. That is why it is necessary for all engineers to be aware of their potential impacts on the environment; therefore the training courses seem to be quite necessary for young engineers. In this article the necessity of training the engineering students to achieve the sustainable design is firstly taken into consideration. Afterwards the curriculum of the world’s reputable universities regarding the environmental protection were studied. Summing up various training courses and applying the experiences of the writers out of similar courses, a proper approach, depending on the type of the matter is defined and a course called green design is developed for the engineering students of Sharif University of Technology. In this course, students will get familiar with the product design process and their maximum environmental effects throughout its life cycle.