ستاره مختاری

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is accompanies by behavioral and cognitive difficulties. Given the diverse problems faced by children with ASD, the prevalence of depression is high in their parents. From a cognitive perspective, attentional bias to sad stimuli is associated with depression. Therefore, the main objectives of this study were to compare the severity of depressive symptoms in mothers and fathers of children with ASD and to investigate the relationship between depressive symptom severity and attentional bias in both groups. To achieve these objectives, a total of 60 parents of children with ASD were selected using convenience sampling. The severity of depressive symptoms in the parents was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and their attentional bias was evaluated through the emotional Stroop task. The results indicated that the severity of depressive symptoms was higher in mothers compared to fathers. Both groups exhibited attentional bias towards sad materials; however, the relationship between attentional bias and severity of depressive symptoms was not found to be significant. The attentional bias towards sad stimuli and the vulnerability to depression in parents of children with ASD have been discussed.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between different types of pain coping styles and attentional bias to facial expressions of headache in people with migraines. To this end, 44 individuals with migraine and 43 healthy controls in the age range of 18 to 50 years were selected as a sample of this study through available sampling method. The materials that we used in this study were the “Coping styles” questionnaire and “Dot Probe task”. Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to statistically analyze the data. The results show in terms of coping styles, there was a significant difference between the two groups. The control group used avoidance and problem-oriented styles significantly more than the individuals in migraine group. no significant difference between attentional bias towards facial expressions of headache in people with migraines and healthy controls. This finding potentially indicates that information processing with pain content in these people is carried out without any biases and probably has no role in maintaining the disease. However, attention to pain coping styles should be considered in the treatment process and teaching effective coping techniques.

Positive mood and cognitive flexibility are known to enhance creativity. The present study examines this important issue in the age range of 8 to 12 years, assuming that positive mood is likely to promote creativity by affecting cognitive flexibility.

The study population included all female students aged 8 to 12 years in districts 4 and 8 of Tehran. From the research population, 60 people in two age groups of 8 to 10 (8/80 ± 0/76) and 10 to 12 (11/20 ± 0/76) years were selected by available sampling method. After randomly placing individuals in research groups based on the induced mood and age, individuals were assessed using the computerized version of Wisconsin Card Sorting (1948) and the Torrance Creative Thinking (1974) test. The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney U and Hayes mediator regression model (2018).

Regression model analysis confirmed the mediating role of cognitive flexibility between mood and creativity, where positive mood improves individuals' cognitive flexibility and thereby enhances performance in creativity test.

The findings of this study as evidence of the importance of mood on the level of cognitive flexibility and creative performance in children emphasized the need to consider this issue in educational settings with the aim of creating and strengthening creative thinking in children.

The main aim of this study was to examine the relation of the sequential implicit learning and visuospatial working memory capacity in childhood. The statistical population for this study were all pre-elementary and elementary female students who are studying at schools of Tehran in 2018 – 2019 academic year. The sample of this study consisted of 27 girls aged 6 to 7.5 and 25 girls aged 9 to 10.5 recruited based on availability sampling method. The participants completed the Corsi span task and a modified version of the Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task in a single session. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and the Pearson-r. The results showed that although younger children had a lower visuospatial working memory capacity in comparison with the elder children, there is no significant relationship between the visuospatial working memory capacity and SIL. This means that implicit learning of the sequences is not influenced by the differences of the visuospatial working memory capacity.

Type 1diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood which, apart from physical health issues, can lead to decrements in cognition as well. This article aimed to provide a thorough review of cognitive deficits in children and adolescents with T1D. To this end, a systematic literature search was performed in the scientific databases including: Google Scholar, APA PSycNET, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Articles published in English up until 2020 were retrieved with the following keywords:cognitive problems/deficits, type 1 diabetes, adolescents, children, neuropsychological profile and pediatric. Results from studies suggested that children and adolescents with T1D showed deficits in attention, memory, spatial cognition, executive functions, and speed of information processing. Considering that cognitive difficulties could lead to reduced quality of life and less adherence to self-care activities, it seems necessary for therapists to pay careful attention to cognitive problems in T1D.

Depression is one of the most common symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis (M.S). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Cognitive-Behavior Group Therapy on depression of patients with Multip le Sclerosis (M.S.) and also to examine its effect on somatic symptoms. The subjects consisted of 28 patients with M.S., who were randomly selected from the Isfahan M.S. Society, and were randomly assigned to experimental (n=14) and control (n=14) group s. The qu estionn aire s were SC L-90-R and a D e mo gr a p h ic Q u e st i o n n a ir e. T h e exp erimental group received 6 weekly sessions of Cognitive- Behaviorl Group Therapy (CBT). Wihle the control group received no intervention. The results of the covariance analysis showed that after 6 sessions of CBT, the severity of depression was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group (Ps> 0.01), howevere, the difference of the two groups was not significant on somatization. It was concluded that, as a useful method of intervention, CBT may be applied for the patients with M.S. and other neurological diseases.