سحر جلیلی

Increasing public awareness of the value, health, and hygiene of food, as well as changing lifestyles in industrialized and developing countries, has led to a demand for a variety of healthy, ready-to-eat fishery products. The paper, however, aims to evaluate the feasibility of producing fish fingers from (Sphyraena jello )and then comparing approximate compositions and spoilage indices under freezing conditions (-18) for four months. In this regard, fish finger treatments were considered, namely: Treatment 1: unwashed minced meat; Treatment 2: surimi; Treatment 3: unwashed minced meat + beef; Treatment 4: surimi + beef. Then, approximate factors (moisture, ash, fat, and protein) and spoilage indicators including free fatty acid peroxide, thiobarbituric acid, total volatile nitrogen bases were measured in products produced in zero (fresh sample), 1, 2, 3 and 4 month in freezing conditions. However, the results showed that Treatment 3 in fat (6.72%), ash (2.17%), and protein (5.61%) hold a significant difference with other treatments (P<0.05) at the end of the maintenance period. Compared to other treatments, Treatment 2 in moisture factor holds a significant difference (P<0.05), namely the highest amount of moisture (77.42). Moreover, increasing shelf life, chemical decay indices increased significantly in all Treatments (P<0.05). In the third month, peroxide index (4.56 meqO2/kg), free fatty acids (%19.3) and thiobarbituric acid (2.129 mg MA /kg), and free nitrogen bases reached their highest level in the fourth month in Treatment 3. As a result, the Treatment was declared unacceptable in the fourth month. Furthermore, holding a significant difference, Treatment 2 achieved shelf life up to the fourth month. However, the fish fingers prepared from surimi were acceptable in Treatments 2 and 4 until the end of the fourth month of storage.

self-care is one of the best and most cost-effective measures to deal with diabetes, which has attracted a lot of attention today. The aim of the current study was psychometric self-care tools for diabetic patients in Qazvin medical centers in Iran.

The present study was of methodological type. The statistical population was all the patients in the medical centers of Qazvin city. The sample size was determined to be 256 people. After collecting the data, it was subjected to exploratory factor analysis with the principal component analysis (PCA) method. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Also, Kaiser-Meier and Bartlett's test was used to measure the adequacy of the sample and the significance of the results.

The average age of the participants in the study was 59.12±11.14 and the average years of diabetes was 10.76±7.55. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that self-care of diabetic people was observed in four factors. The first factor was healthy eating, the second factor was physical activity, the third factor was blood sugar monitoring, and the fourth factor was checking the health of the feet. The results showed that four explanatory factors of self-care can explain 95.22% of the variance of self-care in diabetic patients.

The psychometric analysis of the diabetes self-care Scale in the Iranian population showed that the self-care Scale (DSCS-I) had very good validity and reliability. Therefore, it is necessary to use this Scale to check the self-care status of diabetic patients.

In the most of the human society, the issue of shortage of time for preparing food and the advantages of aquatic protein has brought about an appropriate motivation for introducing different kinds of ready-to-eat and semi-ready-to-eat products such as finger foods and burgers etc. made out of different aquatics. This research aims to conduct sensory evaluation on the fish finger made out of the meat of barracuda (Sphyraena jello) and to compare the sensory indices (texture, odor, color, taste and total utility) under freezing conditions -18ċ for four months. Four treatments of fish fingers including (first treatment: mince, second treatment: Surimi , treatment 3: mince+ red meat, treatment 4: Surimi +red meat) were considered. The indices in the products at the times of zero (fresh sample), 1, 2, 3, 4 months were measured under freezing conditions.  The evaluations of texture description between the exiting treatments indicate that there is significant difference between Surimi bearing treatments &minced fish during the storage period (P ≤ 0.05). Meanwhile, Second Treatment  at the time Zero, production and end of storage period (120 days) acquire the highest score of the texture factor by 4.74 ± 0.42 and 3.41 ± 0.64 respectively. The highest score in the color treatment at the time Zero is allocated to Second Treatment with 4.44 ± 0.20. As for the color factor, there has been a significant difference between minced meat and Surimi Treatments during storage period (P ≤0.05).

The aim of this study was to determine the accumulation of heavy metals (nickel, mercury and cadmium) in muscle and skin tissue of Tanoalosa ilisha in Khuzestan province (Karun River, Arvand Rud River, Bahrakan). For this purpose, after determining the stations by GPS, sampling of the Tanoalosa ilisha fish was performed using a fishing trip. After catching fish randomly, fish were placed in contact with ice in standard conditions and quickly transferred to the laboratory. Subsequently, the samples were evaluated for measuring the factors of this study based on international standard methods. The results of this experiment showed that the highest concentrations of heavy metals evaluated in this research (nickel, cadmium and mercury) were at the Bahrakan station and the lowest concentration of metals were in the Arvand Rud station. Generally, the concentration of nickel metal found in the fish muscle in Karun was 1±162.11 ???and Arvandroud Rud station, 0.0±908.09, was higher than the FDA limit. However, nickel in the Tanoalosa ilisha fish skin was higher than the permissible level in all three stations, 1±901.219, 1±588.22. 1±222.15. Regarding cadmium levels in muscle tissue at the Bahrekan and Karun stations, 0.0±547.08, 0.0±421.05, were higher than the WHO and below the FDA recommendations, but at Arvand river the levels were lower than WHO and FDA limits. However, the cadmium content of the endangered fish of all three stations, 0.0±648.106, 0.0±494.07, 0.0±340.09 was higher than the WHO standard and was below the FDA standard. The accumulation of mercury metal in skin tissue and Tanoalosa ilisha fish muscle in all three stations was lower than the FDA and FAO limits. In addition, the amount of elemental accumulation in fish skin was more intense than in muscle tissue.

Omega-3 is one of the most essential fatty acids  that the body must receive from the diet. Many studies have shown that there is a relationship between consuming  diet containing omega-3 fatty acids (EPA, DHA) and maintaining brain function and reducing cognitive impairment. The present study aimed to determine the predictors of omega-3 supplements consumption in order to prevent the elderly Alzheimer based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 323 elderly referring to the health centers of Tehran city in 2016 selected using a random sampling method. The data collection tool included demographic information, knowledge, and the HBM constructs, distributed after confirming its validity and reliability. The results were analyzed by SPSS-18 software using statistical tests, including Chi-square, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, Spearman test, and logistic regression model.

Logistic regression analysis showed that the best predictors of omega-3 supplements consumption were, respectively, knowledge, performance, self-efficacy, and perceived susceptibility that could predict 74.5% of consumption or not consumption of omega-3 supplementation.

The present study led to identify the most powerful constructs of the HBM in predicting the behavior of omega-3 supplements consumption in the elderly. Therefore, this model can be designed and implemented as a reference framework to design educational interventions in preventing Alzheimer’s disease.

Adding antioxidants to food items is one of the most effective methods for reducing lipid oxidation and consequently prevention of the nutritional value of aquatics. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of vitamin C and Butyl Hydroxyl Anisole antioxidant in control of degradation indices on (Diagramma Pictum ) fish fillet from Heamulidae Family in freezing conditions (-18ċ) for 4 months.Fish fillet was soaked in 5 concentrations of both antioxidants (1%, 1.5%, a combination of 0.5% of both) and kept for 4 months in -18ċ. Comparison of the performance of different treatments and their inhibitory effects on degradation indices (P.V, FFA, TBA, TVB-N and pH) were made under freezing condition for 4 months. The results showed that during maintenance period, in all treatments, the peroxide amount did not exceeded the permitted amount (10-20 meqo2/kg), mixed treatment with 2.78 (meqo2/kg) showed the best performance on control of peroxide index at the end of period. Maximum Thiobarbituric rate obtained at the end of period was recorded as 3.11 (mgMD/kg), in Butyl Hydroxyl Anisole 1%, was recorded. The results showed that the treatments containing vitamin C were more successful in control of lipids hydrolysis and the least FFA with 1. 84 (mg/kg) was related to vitamin C 1. % treatment. Vitamin C antioxidant use, has positive inhibitory effects on controlling spoilage and preserving the quality of the aquatic products. The amount of TVN in mixed treatment, 15.88 (mg/100gr) at the end of period showed the synergic effect of both antioxidants in control of this factor. Comparison of treatment performance in control of each index during storage period showed, Vitamin C treatment had a significant difference compared to Butyl Hydroxyl Anisole in controlling lipid degradation indices control (P≤0.05).Use of Vitamin C antioxidant can have positive inhibitory effects on controlling corruption and maintaining product quality.

Seismic behaviour of shallow foundation on adjacent of the sand slope crest is evaluated in this article. The foundation of various engineering structures has been made of Shallow foundation adjacent to soil slopes. While the shallow foundation is placed in the slope or out of the slope the amount of static and dynamic bearing capacity is reduced. Static bearing capacity and dynamic bearing capacity (Seismic) have been made up of respective coefficients. In fact, when the ground slope is increased the quantitative amount of bearing capacity coefficient of shallow foundation is reduced. Bearing capacity of the shallow foundation has been investigated by various researchers. Respective researchers evaluate this problem when respective shallow foundation is on the slope in static circumstance. In respective condition, the sloe and shallow foundation are under seismic vertical, horizontal loads as well as the combination of respective loads. Seismic vertical and horizontal load effect analysis under horizontal and vertical seismic load condition could be evaluated by critical state methods in quasi-static loading technique. Two-dimensional finite element method, as well as the computational framework of the plane surface, have been used for numerical simulation in current research hypothesis. Shallow foundations have been placed at a certain distance from slope crest. The slope studied in this research has a 25-degree angle (2:1 - V: H).The respective slope has been constructed by sandy materials with medium density. Constitutive elastic models such as Mohr-Coulumb (MC) and Hardening Soil Model (HSM) have been selected for hardening effect evaluation. Actual seismic behaviour of the slope, shallow foundation as well as the direction of seismic response have been investigated innovatively. Research results are presented that two constitutive models (MC and HSM) have completely different response in the zone of the structural element of shallow foundation behaviour and geotechnical performance of dry sandy slope.

The use of organic food products is a new way of thinking about food, health and nature. The attitude of consumers towards organic products and the factors affecting the consumption of these products is essential for further development and production, and the improvement of the quality of these products. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the effective factors on the attitude and intention of purchasing organic food consumers.

In this cross-sectional study, 384 people who were referred to 4 centers of organic products in Tehran were selected by systematic random sampling. The research data were collected based on a questionnaire based on constructs of attitude model towards organic products and consumers intentions and behavior purchase after determining the validity and reliability of questionnaire. Analysis and testing of research hypotheses were done using the SPSS version 22 and Amos version 23.

According to the results of the present study, consumer perception of price (β= 0.67) and subjective norm (β= 0.43) have the most influence on consumers' attitude towards organic food. Also, availability, health awareness and knowledge of organic food respectively by quantity of (β= 0.26), (β= 0.15), (β= 0.14) affect the attitude of consumers towards organic food, also this attitude has a positive and significant effect on consumers' intent and behavior of purchase. R2 was calculated for the consumers' intent and behavior of purchase variables 0.42 and 0.53 and 0.89 for attitude.

Due to the direct effect of organic nutritional knowledge on consumers' attitude, intent and behavior, it is recommended that companies producing these products make extensive promotions in the field of awareness of the community about these products and their benefits.

Threatening 5%-10% of people over 65, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Studies recommended the consumption of substances containing omega-3 as a way to prevent AD. The aim of present study was to determine factors related to consumption of omega-3 supplements based on the health belief model (HBM) constructs in order to prevent AD among the elderly. In this analytical cross-sectional study, 333 elderly, who referred to the healthcare centers of Tehran city in 2015-2016, were selected by stratified random sampling method. To be over 60 years old, absence of AD and consumption of omega-3 supplements during the past year, were set as the study entry criteria. Data were collected by a questionnaire developed based on HBM constructs after determining its validity and reliability were determined. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 16. The highest calculated mean belonged to the Preventive behavior construct 48.6 (P< 0.001) followed by Perceived benefits 42.3 (P< 0.001). The lowest mean value was acquired by the construct of perceived barriers. This study showed that there existed some significant correlations of the behavior of omega-3 supplement consumption with the knowledge and constructs of susceptibility, severity and benefits perceived by the elderly studied. Considering the present study results showing significant relationship of omega-3 supplement consumption with knowledge and majority of HBM constructs, it is suggested that some elderly education interventions be designed and implemented to promote the behavior of AD prevention through strengthening the constructs of HBM.

The aim of this study was to compare the antioxidant activities of ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxyanisole on biochemical deterioration and tasting indexes of painted sweetlips, Diagramma pictum, fillet under frozen condition (-18 C) for a period of 4 months. The fish fillet was treated with 1.5 % ascorbic acid, 1.5% butylated hydroxyanisole and a combined treatment with their 0.5% concentrations. The fat deterioration indices including peroxide value, free fatty acids, thiobarbituric acid, volatile nitrogenous bases, and by the intuitive evaluation were monthly measured after freezing. The results indicated that the peroxide value in the treatment of 1.5% butylated hydroxyanisole and 1.5 % ascorbic acid were higher than that in the combined treatment. However, peroxide value in all treatments didn’t cross the limited level of 10 meq O2 kg-1. Minimum average of thiobarbituric acid index was found in the combined treatment (0.593 mg MDA kg-1) indicating the effectiveness of this treatment in controlling the deterioration index (p<0.05). Fatty acids index in 1.5% ascorbic acid treatment was significantly higher than other treatments (p<0.05). At the end of the experimental period, the combined treatment limited the amount of volatile nitrogenous bases to the lowest level compared with the other treatments (p<0.05). The maximum amount of volatile nitrogenous bases was recorded in 1.5% butylated hydroxyanisole treatment. However, the volatile nitrogenous bases in all treatments did not cross the limited value of 30-35 mg 100 g-1. Findings of the present study indicated that the combined treatment had more ability to inhibit the deterioration indexes of fat compared with the other treatments. In case of intuitive evaluation, the combined treatment (0.5% ascorbic acid +0.5% butylated hydroxyanisole) had the best results with significant differences in three factors of taste, tissue and color compared to the other treatments (p<0.05).

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by heavy metals has become a critical environmental concern due to their potential adverse ecological effects. Aquatic macrophytes play an important role in the structural and functional aspects of aquatic ecosystems by altering water movement regimes, providing shelter to fish and aquatic invertebrates, serving as a food source, and altering water quality by regulating oxygen balance, nutrient cycles, and accumulating heavy metals. The ability to hyperaccumulate heavy metals makes them interesting research candidates, especially for the treatment of industrial effluents and low cost and adaptability of this technology, it is considered by many experts. This study was conducted for bioaccumulation Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu for 4 aquatic plants (Potamogeton crispus), (Ceratophyllum demersum), (Polygonum hydropiper) and (Phragmites australis) in Dez River in 2012. The concentrations of heavy metals in 10 samples of sediments, roots, stems and leaves of aquatic plants were measured. From each station, three sample of surface sediment (to depth 10 cm) with 700 g, remove by plastic vessels. Results showed that, the highest concentrations of Zn were found in 3 stations, that reaching 240.33± 20.15- 279.67±30.11ppm in North to South sediments, respectively. The lowest concentrations, related to Cd, with 0.99± 0.001- 1.6± 0.10 ppm in North to South sediments, respectively. The concentration of heavy metals including Cu, Pb and Cd were less than the amounts reported by international legislation limits but the concentration of Zn was more than the recommended consumption limit. The statistical results showed that, root of (Phragmites australis) and leaves of (Potamogeton crispus), significant different with others plants organs (P

The fatty acids profile of fresh and dry salted flesh of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix were identified and effects of the dry salting on them were investigated. In addition, the shelf life of dry salted of the fish was found under the environmental conditions (25-28°C). The profile of fatty acids in fresh and dry salted samples were identified and measured using a GC, equipped with a FID detector. The fatty acid content in fresh samples for SFA, MUFA and PUFA were 27.5 ± 0.2, 46.39 ± 0.5 and 26.11 ± 0.1%, respectively. During a 120-day storage, the percentage changes of dry salted samples were: For SFA (27.82 ± 0.7 to 33.69 ± 0.84), MUFA (46.77 ± 0.2 to 47.34 ± 0.1) and PUFA (24.92 ± 0.3 to 17.45 ± 0.2) which were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). During the 150 days of storage, under environmental condition, the peroxide changed from 3.08 ± 0.02 to 6.10 ± 0.02 and reached to 5.48 meq O2 kg-1. Also The TVB-N changed from 21 ± 0.3 mg/100 g to 51.8 ± 2 mg 100g-1 which was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, the shelf life of dry salted flesh of this fish predicted to be five months.

In this research work the production of sweet product from Thunnus albacares known as yellow fin tuna and it’s shelf life was studied. From fillet f tuna two sweet sampled in laboratory were prepared. One of them from raw and second one from cooked fillet. As the results of the orgenoleptic test showed the first sampled was rejected and second one was acceptable. The moisture, protein, fat, ash content and organoleptic score for this samples were 15.26%, 66.7%, 8.5%, 10% and 7 respectively. According to a time table, the shelflife of this product was determined by monitoring the changes of TVB-N, PV, total bacterial count and organoleptic properties of the samples which kept at 3-4?C in a laboratory frige for 30 days. The results showed that, the sample had a natural had a natural flavor, smell, color and texture for 15 days. The number of bacteria increased from 4.7?103 To 9?103 colonies per gram, TVB-N and PV also increased from 48.3 to 60.3 mg/100g and 0.2 to 3.4 meq/kg. Then peroxide value started to decreased, According to these results, the sheflife for this product recommended to be 15 days at 3-4?C.