سلمان سلطانی

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that causes the degeneration of neurons in the hippocampus, cognitive disorders, memory disorders, and imbalance. This disease is three times more prevalent in women than men. The present study compared the destruction of astrocytes in the hippocampus and the subsequent functional disorders in both males and females without hormonal intervention.

20 adult rats were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: male control, female control, male MS and female MS. In the MS groups, MS was induced by 0.02% cuprizone orally. Then they were subjected to a behavioral study for 6 weeks, and at the end of the experiment, a tissue sample from the hippocampus was studied. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 software. The data were presented as mean ± standard error. Analysis was done by one-way analysis of variance.  

There were weight loss, reduced brain anatomical parameters, neuron destruction and imbalance in both male and female sexes compared to other groups, and the severity of neuron destruction was more in the hippocampus of males than in females.

Although MS is more common in women than men, the severity of the destruction of brain structures and nerve cells is greater in men.

Studies have shown that conventional sperm analysis does not represent fertility status completely. About 15% of infertile men have normal clinical and laboratory investigation. DNA fragmentation index (DFI) measures the DNA damage. Also, 20% of men with unexplained infertility have increased DFI level compared to the normal level. The present study was performed with aim to evaluate the clinical utility of DFI as an indicator for varicocelectomy.

This longitude observational study was performed in 2020-2021 on 60 patients who underwent varicocelectomy due to infertility in Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad. The patients were divided into three groups based on DFI levels (DFI ≤15%, 15-30%, and >30%) considered as excellent, moderate, and poor fertility, respectively. Then, pre- and post-operational semen analysis was performed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24) and paired-t, Wilcoxon, and analysis of variance tests. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The mean DFI in the excellent fertility group was 10.83 ± 2.92, in the moderate 21.10 ± 6.05, and in the poor fertility 46.56 ± 10.73. The moderate and poor fertility participants experienced statistically significant improvement in sperm count, motility, and morphology. On average, the number of 8.92±16.91 million per cc, the motility of 13.93±19.73% and the morphology of 3.17±3.57% improved after the operation.

The higher the pre-operative DFI, the more significant increase in sperm analysis factors is expected. DFI has a prognostic value for varicocele patients, especially those with higher DFI.People who have a higher pre operative DFI score will improve more after operation.

Most histotechnical methods and preparation of tissue sections were invented and used in the 18th and 19th centuries. Due to the colorless nature of most cells and tissues in the body, tissue staining methods were used from the beginning to differentiate cells and tissues. Materials & Methods According to sources and reports in this field, the time required for each hematoxylin-eosin staining period is approximately 80 minutes. In the present study, a method of hematoxylin-eosin staining is reported that reduces the time required for staining by maintaining the quality of sections and staining from 80 minutes to less than 40 minutes. Also, considering the existing problems regarding the cost of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry kits, the Low amount of kits and the problems that exist in the drip staining method of this type of staining, the present report tries to present three creative methods in this regard. These methods increase the quality of the prepared slides, in addition to reducing consumables. Optimization of tissue staining steps can reduce expenses spent and increase the quality of tissue sections.

The COVID-19 was first reported in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly in China and other countries. The virus was followed by a wide range of bacterial and opportunistic fungal diseases, including fungal infections such as mucormycosis.

In this narrative review study, scientific databases, such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Springer were searched with the keywords, including Mucormycosis and COVID-19 in the time period between 2020 February and July 2021. 27 articles were retrieved, in which 18 articles were used in the study and 9 were excluded.

So far, many people with the coronavirus have been infected by black fungus in the world. Most affected people had the history of diabetes mellitus and also receiving high dose corticosteroids.

Recently, with the outbreak of a new wave of the deadly Covid 19 virus in India, there have been many cases of mucormycosis. Mucocycosis is fatal in about 30% of cases.

There is concerns about exposure of pregnant women to formaldehyde. Curcumin is the effective agent in the turmeric. This study was taken to examine the effects of curcumin on the placenta in the formaldehyde treated rats.

For this study, a number of 40 pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided to 5 equal groups, including control, experiment I (the animals which received formaldehyde by intra peritoneal method at 10 mg/kg body weight during 4-17 gestational days), experiment II (animal which received formaldehyde with curcumin at 150 mg/kg body weight), experiment III (animals which received formaldehyde with curcumin at 300 mg/kg) and experiment IV (curcumin at 150 mg/kg body weight by gavage). On the 18th days of gestation, the animals were euthanized and after dissection, the placental specimens were taken and anatomical examinations were done. Then histological specimens were taken and the Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was performed. Then, the histometrical assay was carried out. The results were analyzed by SPSS software and P<0.05 was considered as significant.

The results showed detrimental alterations in the placentas from formaldehyde treated group. Curcumin at 150 mg/kg body weight could not ameliorates the formaldehyde toxic effects. Curcumin at 300 mg/kg body weight had ameliorative effects on the gross and histological integrity of placenta.

On the basis of the present results, treatment with curcumin at 300 mg/kg could effectively protect placenta during formaldehyde exposure. Therefore, curcumin may be recommended in pregnant women who are exposed to formaldehyde.

Despite the high costs of infertility treatment and the lack of access to advanced treatment for many couples, the role of infertility in the occurrence of psychological and social problems can also be mentioned. Considering the possible effects of vitamin D on the characteristics of sperm, a purposeful relationship between these two categories can be of great help to the community health system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of vitamin D in patients with spermogram disorder and compare it with the control group.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 114 patients were divided into two groups of 57 controls and infertile in the age range of 20 to 59 years and the infertile group were men with fertility disorders.The control group included fertile men with at least one child under the age of 5. Spermograms and levels of vitamin-D and hormonal factors such as LH and FSH, testosterone in both control and infertile groups were evaluated and comparisons were made between the two groups.

Sperm count parameters and sperm motility and sperm shape Vitamin D were a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.001). It was also found that vitamin D had a significant and direct correlation with testosterone in the patient group (P = 0.001).

These results suggest the possible relationship between vitamin D and sperm quality in men. Therefore, treatment of vitamin D deficiency in men can be a solution to reduce infertility disorder in men.

The gold nanoparticles like other nanoparticles have catalytic, magnetic, optical, and biological properties. Nowadays there is a little information on their impact on human health. The aim of this research was the histological study of ovary after administration of gold nanoparticles in Wistar rats. The total of 40 female Wistar rats was randomly divided into 4 groups: control (treated with 1 ml normal saline) and three experimental groups. Group 1, 2 and 3 received 1 ml of solution containing 10, 100, 1000 mg/kg gold nanoparticle by gavage for 15 successive days, respectively. The ovaries were removed from postnatal development; their weights were recorded and fixed in Bouin’s solution; subsequently, 6 µm serial paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin-eosin; the structural changes of ovarian were studied. There was no significant difference on mean ovary of among all the treated, and control groups. There was no significant difference in the size of ovary, the average number of primary and secondary follicle among the 3 groups of rats (P<0. 05). Therefore, gold nanoparticles at these concentrations and 60 nm size, do not effect on the ovary in Wistar rats.

Achillea (Asteraceae) is a plant that in recent years its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic and anti-microbial qualities have been reported. Its extracts can also be used as a male contraceptive combination that has reversible effects too. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the extract of this plant on the placenta and fertility.
In this study, 40 female pregnant wistar rats were randomly placed in four equal groups which included one control and three experimental groups. Control group animals were treated with distilled water over 6-16 days. The experimental groups received Achillea plant extract in 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg concentration in the same timetable. Tissue specimens were collected then stained with H&E method and studied under light microscopy.
Findings: Results showed that the 400 and 600 mg/kg Achillea extract lead to sever placental congestion, elevation in the thickness of spongium of placenta, an increase in the number of the glycogenic cells and giant cells, elevation in the thickness of LIM of placenta as well as desidual thickness. Anatomical results showed a significant increase in the placental weight, diameter, thickness, index and a significant decrease in the fetal weight and length in treated animals that received the 400 and 600 mg/kg plant extract, compared with the treated animals which received 200 mg/kg plant extract.
Discussion & According to result of this study, the injection of 400 and 600 mg/kg Achillea extracts leads to histological and histomorphometrical changes in the placenta tissue.

Argyrosomidae family and the species Argyrosomus hololepidotus due to having high protein levels, are among the most valuable aquatics in the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and the coasts of Khuzestan. Lymphoid tissues are of the most important tissues in fish which their evaluation is important in health and disease investigation. Unlike mammals, fish lack lymph nodes and also there is not hematopoietic tissue in their bone marrows, so hematopoiesis is done in their spleen and kidney. In this study, 6 Argyrosomus hololepidotus were provided from the Persian Gulf. Tissue samples from the spleen with 5mm thickness were prepared and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Then tissue sections were prepared in 5-6 μ and after H&E staining, the structures of the capsule and parenchyma of spleen were studied histologically. In order to confirm the results and findings of this staining, some other specific stainings such as PAS, Masson trichrome and silver staining were used. Microscopic results showed that tissue structure of spleen parenchyma was consisted of white pulp, red pulp, melano-macrophage centers and ellipsoid capillaries. Much of the red pulp is occupied by sinusoidal capillaries full of erythrocyte, which indicates the spleen in Argyrosomus hololepidotus serves as a source of blood reservoir.

Background and Vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) is one of the most common diseases encountered by urologists. Ureteral re-implant has been the only method of surgery for VUR correction. In recent years endoscopic injection of several agents (bulking agents) has been proposed as a treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of endoscopic subureteric injection of total blood nucleated cells and platelet.
A clinical trial was done in 17 patients with VUR aging 18-35 years old in Mashhad Imam Reza Hospital, Iran, 2012-2015. The participants were randomly selected and placed under endoscopic injection following voiding cystourethrography (VCUG). Three months later the patients were evaluated using clinical findings, urine culture and VCUG. If the VUR persisted, the second injection was performed three months after the first one.
There were 17 patients including 13 females and 4 males, mean age 22.8 ± 4.9 years. The procedure achieved success in 89% of renal units after the first injection and 94% after the second one. We observed no major complications.
Our pilot interventional clinical trial showed that endoscopic injection of total blood nucleated cells and platelets is an effective method for treatment of VUR in adult patients.

Argyrosomidae family and the species Argyrosomus hololepidotus due to high valued protein are among the most valuable aquatics in the Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and the coasts of Khuzestan. Lymphoid tissues are of the most important tissues in fish which their identification is important in health and disease states. Unlike mammals, fish lack lymph node and also there is not hematopoietic tissue in their bone marrows, and so mainly Hematopoiesis is done in their spleen and kidney. In this study, 6 pieces of Argyrosomus hololepidotus were provided from the Persian Gulf. Some samples from the spleen up to 5mm thickness were prepared and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Then tissue sections were prepared in 5-6 μ and after H&E staining, the structures of the capsule and parenchyma of pronephrose were studied histologically. In order to confirm the results and findings of this staining, silver staining was also used. Microscopic results showed that tissue structure of Argyrosomus hololepidotuspronephrose was consisted of hematopoietic tissue, lymphoid tissues and kidney tubules. Pronephrose lymphoid tissues are also consisted of reticular supportive tissue and lymphocytic parenchyma cells.

Due to the importance of milk nutrition and its effects on human health¡ it is necessary and inevitable to have more knowledge regarding what it contains. Therefore¡ mammary gland and milk production were under study in present research.
Material & For microbiological study of healthy cow milk and suspected of mastitis for this investigation¡ sampling was done on 150 dairy cows. Positive samples were determined using California Mastitis Test. Staphylococcus was detected from sample by bacteriological tests. To determine sensitivity and bacterial resistance¡ we used antibiogram test. For histopathology study of 150 samples¡ 12 tissue breast samples were collected from animals suspected of mastitis taken to Ilam’s industrial slaughterhouse. Histopathological studies were done on slide using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining.
Findings: Out of 150 samples¡ 42 cases were found with subclinical mastitis¡
fourwithclinical. Seven cases of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Bacteria were more sensitive to the antibiotics like enrofloxacin and trimethoprim. Squamous epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia degeneration and the cylindrical¡ deep penetration of lymphocytes¡ and macrophages in various parts of the breast tissue were observed.
Discussion & Based on the obtained results¡ staphylococcus coagulase positive which belongs to aureus species were the most causes of mastitis pathogens. Enrofloxacin and trimethoprim respectively had the highest effect on inhibiting the growth of bacteria. Given that the most common causes of mastitis are discussed in this study¡ it is so obvious that other factors are involved in causing inflammation of the breast depending on the climatic conditions of each region which should go under study.