سمانه شفیع زاده برمی

The phenomenon of climate change or climate change is one of the important issues of international organizations and its member countries. Attention to this phenomenon has been on the serious agenda of the United Nations for the last two decades. In a new approach to security studies, critical school theorists seek to create new meaning for security issues.In this context, the absence of war and military confrontations between countries does not in itself provide international peace and security, and new forms of security threats such as economic, cultural, environmental, etc. have been created.Environmental security has now replaced the threat of nuclear war. Given the importance of the phenomenon of climate change as one of the important dimensions and security concerns in the field of international relations, the question that arises in this paper is why and how the phenomenon of climate change and Has airspace become a security issue at the United Nations? The main hypothesis of the authors is that the phenomenon of climate change with the increase of human security threats, which is beyond the traditional dimensions of security (military, nuclear) has become a new form of cooperation and conflict between countries in the United Nations. Library data collection addresses the effects of climate change on various aspects of UN security and action in this area.

During the 12th presidential election, three electoral debates on political, economic and cultural issues were held by the national media. In each of these debates, each of the six candidates in the two mainstream parties fundamentalist and reformist expressed their opinion isochronous. In the present paper Using the concept of metaphor, we seek to answer this question What are the main signs of these debates, and what message they are transmitted to the discourse of the country? The comparative study of the TV election debates (four main candidate Rouhani , Jahangiri , Qalibaf ,Raissi) has expressed based on six types metaphorical modeling and explanation، reconceptualization ,categorization , emotional perspective, creating intimacy and comic creation that there are intense ideological and discursive conflicts within the political structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran and often expressed in conceptual metaphors during the presidential elections of 2017.

BRICS is a group of emerging powers including Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. It seems that they are challenging international unilateral system or it is expected to do so. Increasing their economic, political, and demographic capabilities, they could become main pillars in a multi-polar structure. According to the history of international relations, it is a usual practice to constitute a balance. So, they are trying to establish a multilateral system based on their present abilities. The article aims to answer the question how do BRICS behave toward United States’ unilateralism in their foreign policies. Replying the question, the hypothesis is offered that BRICS has kept a revisionist policy based on soft balancing on its eyes. Theory of soft balance should be a proper approach to examine the hypothesis through two variables, i.e. “disparity of power”, and “economic dependency”. Findings show that BRICS is indirectly trying to empower multilateralism in the international system.