سمانه کرمی

in the healthcare sector affected by marital infidelity in Lorestan Province during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 

Methods and Materials: 

This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pre-test and post-test design with control and experimental groups. The statistical population included working women in the healthcare sector of Lorestan Province who had sought counseling due to their spouse's marital infidelity during the COVID-19 period. Thirty women were randomly divided into three groups: Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy, ACT, and a control group. Data collection tools included the Positive Feelings Toward Spouse Questionnaire and the Roselt Divorce Desire Questionnaire. The therapeutic interventions were conducted over eight 90-minute sessions across two months.
 

The results indicated that both approaches, Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy and ACT, significantly increased positive feelings toward the spouse and reduced the desire for divorce compared to the control group. Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy relatively showed more effectiveness in enhancing positive feelings toward the spouse. Repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant differences between groups and interactive effects of time and group.
 

The present study demonstrated that both therapeutic approaches, Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy and ACT, can effectively improve positive feelings toward the spouse and reduce the desire for divorce in working women in the healthcare sector affected by marital infidelity. These findings can aid counselors and therapists in providing more effective interventions and facilitate the improvement of quality of life and marital relationships.

This study aimed to investigate the current and favorable situation of the ‎education system in sustainable development with the approach of the ‎Islamic-Iranian model of progress.‎‏ ‏The statistical population in the qualitative section included ‎ten specialists in the education system who were purposefully selected by a ‎series of snowballs. In a small part, the managers, responsible experts, and ‎experts of the General Department of Education of Tehran were 440 people, ‎and the sample size according to Cochran's formula was 205 people. Sampling was done by stratified random sampling according to the ‎organizational position. The data collection tool was a semi-structured ‎interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in ‎the quantitative part. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon and ‎correlated t-test. The qualitative part of the study showed that the factors ‎affecting sustainable development in the education system with the Islamic-‎Iranian model of progress included six dimensions and 45 components. In ‎the quantitative part, the study of the difference between the current and ‎favorable situation in the six main variables (cultural, social, environmental, ‎economic, educational methods, and the document of fundamental change ‎in education) has been significant and numerous. The cultural dimension, ‎the environment, and the document of fundamental change were in a ‎better position than other dimensions. Therefore, in order to move from the ‎current situation to the desired situation of sustainable development, the ‎education system must pay special attention to teaching social, economic, ‎and educational methods affecting sustainable development with the ‎Islamic-Iranian model approach. ‎

The present study implemented with the aim of presenting a model of the role of the education system in sustainable development with the Islamic-Iranian model of progress approach. This is both an applied research and a mixed exploratory study (qualitative and quantitative). The research method in the qualitative part was content analysis and in the quantitative part was descriptive survey. Participants in the quality section included 38 education system experts, officials from the UNESCO National Commission's Education Unit and the Higher Education Council, who were selected for interview by purposive sampling method. The statistical population consisted 440 managers, official experts and experts of the General Department of Education in Tehran, 205 of whom were selected by stratified random sampling according to their organizational positions as our research sample. The data gathering tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part. Credibility criteria were considered to ensure the quality of qualitative findings. In this way, the feedback of the participants in the research was applied. Also, in order to validate the findings, the triangulation in investigator method was used. In the quantitative part, the face and content and construct validities of the questionnaire were checked and confirmed and the reliability was also confirmed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient so that the reliability of all major variables was greater than 0.70. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests including confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that there were 38 components that has role in the education system in sustainable development with the approach of the Iranian Islamic model of progress. Its 29 components in four cultural, social, environmental and economic dimensions were extracted from the content analysis of the interviews and 9 components were obtained from the content analysis of the document of fundamental change in education. The result of studying structural equations also showed a significant relationship among the dimensions of the model.

The aim of this study was to investigate the educational methods effective on sustainable development and to evaluate its current and optimal status.

This descriptive research was of survey-applied type, based on the methods of analyzing the current and optimal situation gap and in the group of mixed studies of exploratory type (qualitative and quantitative). Participants in the quality section included 10 experts and specialists in the education system who were purposefully selected through a sequential snowball sampling method. The statistical population in the quantitative stage consisted of 440 managers, responsible experts and experts of the General Department of Education in Tehran. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula as of 205 people. The sampling procedure was done through stratified random sampling according to the subject's organizational position. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis, paired t-test and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the data.

The results of the qualitative part of the research indicated that the educational methods affecting sustainable development include 7 components and the difference between the current and optimal situation has been significant and large.

Therefore, in order to move from the current situation to an optimal situation of sustainable development, it is necessary for the education system to give a special importance to the educational methods affecting sustainable development.

Undoubtedly, the most important pillar of any group is the human resources of that group. Effective and constructive performance in the development of human resources leads to better and more progress of that group. Communication has paved the way for e-learning to replace traditional methods. E-learning is a new topic that is rapidly gaining ground among other teaching methods. Time and space constraints are eliminated and it has flexibility and high speed in training and raising the skill level of human resources. It is technology based.

A number of studies investigate the extent to which levels of welfare benefits reduce crime among the unemployed. This paper expands this literature by testing whether the intensity of other welfare programs aimed at the unemployed affects their criminal activity, using evidence from a Danish social experiment that randomly assigned active labor market programs (ALMPs) of different levels of intensity to newly unemployed individuals. The results from a Negative Binomial model indicate that the intensity of ALMPs affects the number of crimes committed by the person during spells of unemployment.

Previous studies showed that patients receiving blood transfusion under mechanical ventilation may be encounter to respiratory problems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high-dose selenium on maximum inspiratory pressure in critically ill patients who received blood transfusion and under mechanical ventilation in intensive care units (ICUs).
In a clinical trial study, 102 patients with history of blood transfusion in intensive care units of Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, were randomly divided in three groups of receiving 1000, 500, and 0 µg intravenous selenium. Maximum inspiratory pressure and respiratory parameters were evaluated and compared between the three groups.
Findings: The mean maximum inspiratory pressure in the first time of ventilation was -28.12 ± 2.67, -29.41 ± 2.65, and -28.5 ± 2.16 cmH2O in the three groups of control, and 1000 and 500 µg selenium, respectively, without any statistically difference between the three groups (P = 0.10). The mean maximum inspiratory pressure was -30.29 ± 1.47, -30.12 ± 1.39, and -30.74 ± 1.91 cmH2O at pressure support ventilation (PSV) of 8 cmH2O in mentioned groups, respectively, and no statistically difference were seen between the groups (P = 0.28). At pressure support ventilation 5 cmH2O, the mean maximum inspiratory pressure was -31.82 ± 1.91, -32.53 ± 2.68 and -30.76 ± 5.22 cmH2O in three mentioned groups, respectively, without statistically difference between the groups (P = 0.10).
Different doses of selenium did not decrease airway resistance in patients receiving blood transfusion under mechanical ventilation. Therefore, more studies with larger sample sizes is recommended to determine the role of selenium in improving breathing and ventilation parameters, timing and weaning from mechanical ventilation and other related parameters.

In an educational environment, the quality of vision is integral to educational progress. Creating visual comfort and increasing efficiency and the desire to study are among the benefits of adjusting the lighting in classrooms and preventing visual impairment in the students. The present study was conducted to evaluate the degree of internal lighting in girl's schools across Hamadan in 2006 and 2014 so as to help identify their potential problems. The present study was conducted in girl's schools across Hamadan on two different occasions –in 2006 and 2014. On each occasion, the average general and local lighting on the classroom blackboards were measured by the recommended methods of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America on non-sunny days using a Lux Meter and were then compared to the standard limits recommended in the Health and Safety Code of schools and by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. In addition to the degree of lighting, certain quality assessment criteria were assessed, including the lighting layout, lamp maintenance, contrast, internal surface cleaning, lighting system maintenance, type of lamps and technical suitability of the design. Taking the criteria for favorable lighting conditions into account, less than 25% of the sites examined had favorable lighting on both occasions; in 2006, only 16% of the classes had favorable general lighting and in 2014, the degree of lighting fell to an unacceptable range in all classes and only 6% of the entire classroom were covered by a standard degree of local lighting on the blackboard. The results also show that surface reflection coefficients are within the desirable range. The lack of favorable general and local lighting on the blackboard at schools in 2014 and its comparison with the results of the 2006 lighting assessment indicate that providing standard lighting is still a problem for schools. Improper lighting layouts and the use of incandescents or inappropriate light bulbs are among the major causes of poor lighting conditions in girl's school across Hamadan.