سمیرا اقبالی

The environmentally friendly method of green nanoparticle production has garnered significant interest because of its cost-effectiveness and ease of implementation. In this study, in addition to the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of the Sclerorhachis leptoclada Rech. f. (SLL@AgNPs) and the morphological study of the SLL@AgNPs, the antibacterial properties of the SLL@AgNPs were compared with the extract of the S. leptoclada plant and silver nanoparticles alone.

In this experimental investigation, the features of SLL@AgNPs synthesized via a green method were analyzed using various techniques, including spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ultimately, the antibacterial properties were assessed through the broth micro-dilution method.

DLS and zeta potential showed the formation of SLL@AgNPs with a hydrodynamic diameter of 130 nm and a surface charge of -38.82 mV, respectively. XRD and TEM analysis also confirmed the formation of pure silver nanoparticles with spherical and elliptical morphology with an average diameter of 20-30. The SLL@AgNPs exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.039, 0.078, 0.039, 0.078, and 0.31 mg/ml, respectively. These findings indicate that SLL@AgNPs significantly enhanced the antibacterial properties of the S. leptoclada plant.

As evidenced by the obtained results, S. leptoclada plant extract significantly increased the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. This research demonstrated the potential of environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of S. leptoclada extract with significant antibacterial effects for various biomedical applications.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Lycium ruthenicum extract. In this experimental study, Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC9997), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC29212) were studied. Aqueous extract of L. ruthenicum was prepared. silver nanoparticles were prepared in combination with L. ruthenicumextract. The MIC of silver nanoparticles was investigated alone and in combination with the L. ruthenicumplant using the broth microdilution method for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis.: This study showed that the nanoparticle synthesized with the aqueous extract of the Lycium ruthenicum plant had a significant inhibitory effect on E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus compared to the aqueous extract alone (P < 0.05). Also, the highest inhibitory activity of L. ruthenicum extract was for K.pneumoniae and E. faecalis with MIC 2.5 mg / ml. On the other hand, biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against E. coli with MIC 1.25 mg / ml showed the highest inhibitory activity. In general, silver nanoparticles synthesized with L. ruthenicum extract had significant antibacterial effects on the studied bacteria, in comparison with silver nanoparticles by chemical method as well as the plant L. ruthenicum alone. The results of the present study showed that silver nanoparticles synthesized with L. ruthenicumextract have significant antibacterial effects, which can be used as a suitable treatment option for antibiotics due to the side effects of antibiotics after further studies on animal models.

The increase in the incidence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens has led researchers to identify new and effective antimicrobial agents. Green production of nanoparticles has received attention due to its compatibility with the environment and low cost. The present study sought to characterize and evaluate the antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized with Plantago lanceolata seed extract.

In this study, after the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by chemical and green methods, the characteristics of silver nanoparticles synthesized with the P. lanceolata seed extract were evaluated by UV-Vis, DLS, XRD, FT-IR, and TEM methods. Thereafter, the optimal conditions for the synthesis of nanoparticles and the antibacterial activity of the P. lanceolata extract, chemical silver nanoparticles, and green silver nanoparticles against standard bacterial strains were investigated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth microdilution method.

Based on the absorption spectrum of green silver nanoparticles with UV-Vis, the optimal concentration of silver nitrate was 20 mM, the suitable synthesis temperature was 57 °C, and the best reaction time was reported as 30 sec. The results of XRD, FT-IR, and TEM analyses confirmed the synthesis of green silver nanoparticles with oval and spherical morphology with a size of 20-40 nm. The P. lanceolata extract and chemical silver nanoparticles had no significant antibacterial effect. Nonetheless, green silver nanoparticles had significant antibacterial activity on the studied bacteria, with the highest antibacterial effect against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (MIC=125 μg/mL).

As evidenced by the obtained results, P. lanceolata seed extract significantly increased the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles. This research demonstrated the potential of environmentally friendly silver nanoparticles synthesized in the presence of P. lanceolata extract with significant antibacterial effects for various biomedical applications.

Silene weed plant (Silene conoidea. L) is from from the Caryophyllacea family and its leaf is medicinal and edible. This plant in traditional and modern medicine, is used for treatment of skin infections and blood coagulation and its medicinal properties are attributed to phenolic compounds. In this research, flower, stem, leaf, and root of S. conoidea was collected from Sabzevar in Spring 2022 and their the chemical compositions of chloroform and dichloromethane fractions were reported by GC-MS. In order to prepare fractions of all the organs under the same conditions, petroleum ether was used for defatting, and chloroform and dichloromethane were used to extract the effective phytochemicals through maceration method. GC-MS analysis of chloroform fractions showed that terpene derivatives, phenolic derivatives, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, heterocyclic derivatives, phenylpropanes, silane derivatives and steroids are the main constituent compounds in all organs. Hydrocarbon derivatives (69.16%) in flower, terpene derivatives (40.46%) in stem, and fatty acid derivatives (40.46% and 63.98%) respectively in leaf and root are the most constituent compounds in chloroform fractions. Also, the GC-MS analysis of dichloromethane fractions showed that terpene derivatives (47.62% and 40.53%) in leaf and stem, respectively, and silane derivatives (52.70%) in root are the most constituent compounds. The properties of solvents play an important role in determining the extraction of phytochemical compounds with unique biological properties. In general, the results of this research showed that the non-polar extract of chloroform and the stem of the plant have valuable effective substances, especially terpene compounds, for medicinal purposes. These results suggested that other genetic resources of S. conoidea can be further explored to screen high bioactive compounds and purification of phytochemical compounds which are valuable to produce, expand, and develop natural antioxidants in the production of bio-medicine and food.

To identify drought tolerant genotypes from 40 doubled haploid and 5 barley cultivars an experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted both at normal irrigation and water deficit stress conditions at the Agricultural Research Station of West Azarbayjan, at Miyandoab during 1390-91 crop years. A significant difference was observed among the genotypes concering grain yield, which indicates a high genetic diversity for this trait among genotypes under study. Genotypes No. 35, 24, 21 and 3 were highest yielders in both irrigation conditions. In this study, during tolerance of genotypes under both stress and normal irrigation conditions, were evaluated by using mean productivity (MP), tolerance (TOL), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility (SSI), and stress tolerance (STI) indices. According SSI and TOL indices genotypes 13, 16, 1, 19, 8 and 5 were identified as tolerant genotypes to water stress. Genotypes 3, 24 and 35 were found to have highest STI, MP and GMP indices. Correlation coefficients indicated that STI, MP and GMP were the best indices to select barley tolerant genotypes to water deficit stress in this study. It was also revealed that genotypes 3, 21, 24 and 35 which were highest yielders under normal irrigation and did have the least reduction in their yield under deficit irrigation. Thus, they can be recommended to the experimental site as the top producers.

In accordance with the importance of airfields and their influence on passengers safety, uninterrupted inspections of pavement indexes were needed to apply the best maintenance and repair method for reducing deterioration rate.
In this research in addition to PCI (Pavement Condition Index ) other important indexes like FOD (Foreign Object Damage ) and IRI (International Roughness Index ) are measured to investigate the relations between them and propose appropriate patterns .
According to the data base that collected from runway of Zahedan international airport and also applying a predictive analytic software named SPSS , it is concluded that by intensifying distresses and consequently reduction of PCI index the growth of FOD index toward IRI , will increase more sensitively .