سودابه اعتمادی

Human toxocariasis is a parasitic disease caused by the larvae of Toxocara canis (T. canis) and can cause many clinical complications in the liver, lungs, eyes, brain and kidney. Despite its significant effect on high-risk groups (people with reduced immune system), this parasite is usually ignored. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the serum prevalence and risk factors of toxocariasis in diabetic patients and hemodialysis patients in Zahedan (southeast of Iran). This study was conducted in Sistan and Baluchistan province, Zahedan city with 400 diabetic and hemodialysis patients. A clot sample was taken to perform the ELISA test along with a questionnaire containing demographic information. All serum samples were tested for the presence of IgG antibodies against Toxocara species by ELISA serology method. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software and descriptive statistics and chi-square test The prevalence of serum toxocariasis in diabetic and hemodialysis patients was reported as 2.8% and 3.5%, respectively. Among the variables of the study, contact with dogs and cats in the group of diabetic patients (OR=11.60 –% 95CI: 2.80-48.06). and in the group of hemodialysis patients contact with cats and dogs (OR=0.85- %95CI: 0.70-1.02) and blood group had a significant relationship with the prevalence of toxocariasis. P value ≤ 0.05. Considering the few studies in the world, more epidemiological studies are needed to understand that diabetes and the hemodialysis process can be introduced as a factor in toxocariasis.

The prevalence of obesity is increasing as threatening in all age group in the world so it has became the serious problem in the public health, Nowadays, the use of medicinal plants has have been considered more than other methods of weight control, the green tea is considered one of these plants that So far the researches have been done on its effects on weight But the results of these studies have been inconsistent due to various doses and different methods so, this study was conducted to determine the effect of various doses of green tea extract on weight loss and body mass index in adults obese women. This double-blind clinical trial has randomly been conducted on 60 obese women that were overweight, with a BMI> 27 kg/m2, WC> 87 (waist). The samples were divided randomly into three groups of 20; in this regard, have received two intervention groups (experimental) recipient of green tea extract with different concentrations (50 and 100 percent) and control group (control) recipient of placebo containing cellulose. Each participant received daily three times (one hour before each meal) of green tea extract or placebo for 12 weeks. All samples were measured in the baseline and weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 in terms of anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). the data were collected and have been analyzed in the different groups By using of software SPSS 19 - Sas9.2 and statistical test of one-way Anova and was used repeated Measurement test for Comparisons of these groups. In the baseline The mean and standard deviation of weight and BMI were in the experimental group which received 100% of extract, respectively 74.19 ± 4.3 and 28.95 ± 0.8 and in the experimental groups which received extract 50% 1/5 ± 34/74 and 06/1 ± 69/28., which was reduced respectively, to 67.90 ± 4.1 and 26.49 ± 0.7 as well as 70.98 ± 5.6 and 27.38 ± 1.19 in the end of the study Which is indicative of a significant difference in the mean weight and BMI on these consecutive weeks (P < 0.01،P <0.05). However, there was no significant difference on the mean of WHR among the three groups. According to the findings, long-term consumption of green tea as a complementary treatment of low risk for weight control and general health promotion is effective.

Technology and development in the field of health and treatment has been lead to the production and delivery of synthetic drugs and chemical compounds in this field, But because of low efficacy and undesirable side effects some of these drugs are considered as a potential threat to human health. There fore this nutritional approach and use of herbal medicines has been common in many countries. Green tea that is the most common be average in the world and especially in East Asia (China - Japan) is known as one of the powerful antioxidants due to having poly phenolic flavonoid compounds. Evidences show that so far, experimental studies (clinical) have been done on small scale animal and human samples to verify the therapeutic properties of polyphenols compounds of green tea. The purpose of this paper is to provide the therapeutic effects of green tea that are confirmed at different researches. To achieve researches and studies related to the effects of green tea, these sites were investigated: «Medline, Irandoc, Elsevier, scpous, pubmed scholar, by using the following keywords» tea, green tea, flavonoids, catechin, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycmic (diabetes), stroke, vascular heart, cancer and depression, and totally 55 articles from 2000 to 2010 were reviewed and summarized. The results of these studies have introduced the green tea, as a matter of anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti cholesterol, anti-diabetic, anti-mutation, anti-microbial, anti-stroke and so on. It is also proved to be effective in genital warts. In addition bioactive components of green tea (catechin and caffeine) stimulates the sympathetic system resulting in increased heat production and fat oxidation in the body and in this way they perform their anti-obesity function. According to the results of the studies, it appears that green tea is as a low-risk supplement treatment for certain diseases and health problems and is considered as the most common safe drink, but further researches are necessary to examine its effects.

Giardiasis is one of the human parasitic diseases caused by a flagellate protozoan named Giardia duodenalis (G.lamblia). Giardia is one of the most common organisms causing diarrhea in human and also a common gastrointestinal parasite in vertebrates.

A total of 352 stool samples were collected from patients infected with giardiasis referred to health centers in Kerman city. Samples were examined by formalin- ether concentration procedure. First, DNA extraction was performed on 30 stool samples containing adequate Giardia cysts and then PCR-RFLP was done on glultamate dehydrogenase (gdh) marker. Clinical signs of patients were recorded in a questionnaire and their relationships with molecular results were analyzed.

The highest rate of infection was in the age group of 0-12 years with significant difference with other age groups (P<0.0001). The most common clinical signs were abdominal pain (71.7%), diarrhea (69%), abdominal cramping (54.1%) and the least common signs were malaise (20.4%) and fever (16.1%). Of all 30 isolates, 18 samples (60%) were found as genotype All, 5 ones (16.7%) belonged to Al assemblage and 7 samples (23.3%) were BIII assemblage. There was a significant difference between genotyping of Giardia and clinical signs of diarrhea, abdominal signs and nausea (P<0.05).

Higher prevalence of Giardiasis was found in the age group below 12 years, but clinical signs in different age groups and two sexes were identical. Assemblage A showed correlation with mild intermittent diarrhea and assemblage B had correlation with persistent diarrhea.