سوسن پور شهرام

This Article Examines the Use of Vocabulary, Phrases, and Sentences in Selected Stories of the 80s to Explain the Presence of Western Culture and the Place of Self-Culture in Fictional Texts. In Fact, The Diminishing Presence of 'Self' Culture and the Increasing Presence of 'other' Culture Occur Within a Society whose Individuals become so Disoriented in their Cultural Space and Value Functions that they are Easily Detached from their Religious Foundations and Receptive to other Cultural Current Affairs. The High Frequency of the Use of Western Words and Expressions in the Narratives of this Decade Indicates a Lack of Attention to Persian Language, as Well as The Iranian Culture and Identity in Fictional Characters in these Stories. The Semiotics of The Six Best-Selling Stories of the Decade Have Shown that Western Culture and the Use of its Words and Expressions in Contemporary Fiction are Valued, and That the Characters in these Stories Believe that by Aligning with Western Culture they can have a Superior Social Status. This Behavior Leads to the Abandonment of one's Own Culture and the Deprivation of Individuals’ Identity in a Society and Westernization. This Research has Been Done Based on the Perspective of Cultural Study of the Text and Aims to Show the Necessity of Preserving Persian Languages and the Authenticity of Iranian Identity.

Fire played an important role in the lives of Indo-Europeans in the ancient; at the time of Zarathustra، it was considered as the representation of hygiene and purity. In Mazdayasna it is the symbol of life. Strength and power، brilliance and imperishability، purity and cleansing are among other factors that would attract human attention to the fire. Gaston Bachelard (1884 to 1962) is a French epistemologist، philosopher، literary critic and an earlier structuralist who simultaneously considers the material world and the issues of the daily life and also explores the world of poetry and poetic imagination. Bachelard emphasis on analyzes of fire imagination، reminds the interpretations of Karl Gustav Yung. In his opinion، the fire in an element which can be validated in a contradictory، dual manner: it is the emblem of virtue and the embodiment of evil، it glows in heaven and burns in hell، and it is both convenience and agony. Bachelard believes that every poet pays attention to one of the four elements and، to recognize the true poet، one must consider their degree of distance and closeness to these elements. In fact، the purpose of literary criticism of Gaston Bachelard is to train the reader to better understand works of art and to find the convergences of science، psychology and literary imagination; Thus، by looking at the fire element in the story of Siavash، this article attempts to explain the earlier notions of human imagination in the magnum opus of Ferdowsi

Greimas, a structuralist and semiology theoretician, made an attempt to reach the inner layers of a text by going through the surface and the structure of the text. He wanted to find the hidden structure influential in the production of meaning. In fact, a writer, by creating a special kind of narration and narrator in his/her story, produces a chain–like series of sender/ message/ receiver) to present coherent structure for a story. The aim of this paper is to analyze "Crows", one of the best stories of Nader Ebrahimi by using narrative analysis (permanent and non–permanent process) and Actantial Model of Greimas. In this way with the help of narratology the structure and internal relationships of signs of the text, the likns between the characters are clarified.

Colour is recognized as one of the criteria for personality analysis in modern psychology. Colours are a kind of energy and visible sounds which play an important role in one's life. Their influences on human's soul and mind are undeniable. In other words, colour can be considered as a reflection of one's mental and physical situation since colours have special influence on soul and body equally. Max Lusher's study of colours is among the most recent theories which deal with psychological analysis and character explication. In this method, colours are introduced as numbers. Those which are denied and those which are well- accepted are the reflection of one’s thoughts and feelings. Hence, word selection and colour choice can help us to analyze the poet's personality and mind. Among the modern poets, Forogh Farrokhzad has repeatedly manipulated colours in her poems among which "black" is a specific one. This paper aims at interpreting Forogh Farrokhzad poetry in terms of colour analysis on Max Lusher's theory.

Narrative as the interaction of literary text elements is a focal point in the literary theory. Narratology deals with the various manners of narrating events, as well as the analysis of the narrative literature such as novel, short story and epic. A deep understanding of narration can be a help to the critic to analyse the story and its elements; meanwhile it helps the writer to be more creative. Researchers, through narratology, discover the semiotic interrelations in the text. This article intends, through focusing on three short stories of Nâder Ebrâhimi entitled "A House Belonged to Night", "Curse", and "Sound that Echoes", to provide the reader with a better interpretation of the text which is hardly attained by a hypothetical reading.

Gaston Bachelard (1884-1962) who was an epistemologist. philosopher of science and one of the early French structuralists, had created a new method in speech recognition and oration. Poets and writers' depiction has a root in four main elements - water. fire, soil and wind. Majdeddin Abolhassan or Abu Isaac Kasai Marvazi is one of the poets offorth and early fifth centuries. His poems are simple and fluent the concepts are almost objective. tangible and natural. In fact, Kasai is a painter in poetry. Although on ly three hundred of his poetry remains. we can understand his approach to nature especially to water. The present article tries to study the nature elements in Kasai poetry as a traditionalism poet and utilize the literary criticism method of Gaston Bachelard and his ideas in this field.