فهرست مطالب سکینه صفری

The Water Column Separation phenomenon is one of the transient flow regimes, which is created under conditions such as the sudden closing of the valve or the shutdown of the pump in the water supply network. Hard pressure fluctuations and damages caused by the mentioned phenomenon require identifying and providing a solution to prevent it. By this purpose, the present article investigates the possibility of Water Column Separation in a Loop Water Supply Network using Computational Fluid Dynamics method. Next, the Effect of the inlet velocity on the pressures created due to the Water Column Separation was investigated. For software validation, the Loop system provided by Wang et al. (2017) was selected. After ensuring the efficiency of the software to model the phenomenon of Water Column Separation, simulation was performed at different speeds. Checking the simulation results indicated the occurrence of Water Column Separation in the Intended Network. Also, the Results indicated that with the increase of the input Velocity, the maximum value of the Pressure in the Network increases and its minimum value decreases. In such a way that with a 12% increase in the input velocity, the maximum pressure value changes by 11.8% and the minimum value by 14.26%. In general, it can be said that by controlling the Velocity as an effective factor on the pressure fluctuations of the Water Column Separation, this phenomenon and the resulting damages are prevented.

Testimony is the non-expert declarations based on personal knowledge about the partial right or partial Shari'a matter, by third party, not on one's own actions, but for the benefit of other, without any harm to oneself, with the intention of vindicating the right or fulfilling Shari'a duty. The evidence of testimony is the reason for proving the claim and discovering the truth. It is also an evidence that reveals truth from falsehood. Therefore, it has a special validity and status in jurisprudence. Due to the changes of Shari'a texts and the Constitution, we are witnessing changes in civil matters after the (Islamic) Revolution. The purpose of this research is to explain the legal developments of testimony in civil affairs. 
Research method is descriptive _analytical and data collection has been carried out through documentary method. Analyzing the content and benefiting from jurisprudential and legal writings.
Ethical Consideration: In present study, the [rinciples of text originality, honesty and trustworthiness have been observed.
The improvement of probative value of evidence of testimony compared with jurisprudential evidences has been considered as a duty and Shari'a duty to support the owner of rights. The discrepancy between jurisprudence and law causes changes and developments in testimony in civil matters.
Maintaining the social interaction system in Muslim Society is based on the evidence of testimony in order to implement justice and respect the property and rights of others. As a result, the evidential value of testimony can be considered according to jurisprudential sources and foundations.

Sistan and Baluchestan province is one of the water-scarce regions of Iran with hot, dry climate and very little rainfall, and water shortage is one of the most common problems in this province. Sistan and Baluchestan University is one of the water consumers in the region, which spends a lot of money annually to water consumption. In this regard, a study was conducted to investigate water supply facilities and water consumption in the dormitories of Sistan and Baluchestan University. As an example, dormitory No. 5 was selected from the Efaf and Hejab Dormitory Complex of Sistan and Baluchestan University and field studies and objective observations were performed. The results of the observations indicate problems such as broken and old valves and their connections, old heads, improper siphons, improper use of water by people living in dormitories and improper irrigation of green space. The above are important factors in wasting a large volume of water. In this study, replacing dormitory valves with lever valves was suggested as the main solution. In order to investigate the effect of the proposed solution, the dormitory water supply network with two types of normal and lever valves was simulated with WaterGEMS software. The simulation results showed that the use of lever valves reduces water consumption by about 23% and can have a significant impact on reducing water consumption and water costs. Therefore, it can be concluded that replacing lever valves, while being practical and economical will significantly reduce water consumption.

muddy flows are gravitational flows, which are the difference in density or difference in weight of unit volume between two fluids due to suspended sediments. Due to the abundance of these streams in nature knowing and studying the characteristics and factors affective it is imperative and unavoidable. The creation of obstacle in the flow path can affect on the muddy flow character such as flow mixing rate and flow density. In this paper by the Flow 3D software the effect of trapezoidal obstacle in the characteristics of the muddy flow especially its mixing rate has been studied. : In order to Verification, results of the this numerical model Were compared with the results of laboratory work Naji Abhari et al. The results showed that the presence of the obstacle caused the kinetic energy of turbulence to increase by almost 1000% more than Without obstacle. the depth-density variation diagram for two channels showed that the current density in channel With obstacle was less than obstacle-free type. also by increasing 1% the height of obstacle, an average of 2% would be added to the turbulence energy and one-percent increase in the angle of entrance prevented an increase of 1.366 % of the energy of turbulence. Simulation for obstacle with different velocities indicates that with increasing the velocity of the pure water, the amount of maximum energy of turbulence and as a result of flow mixing increases.

Today، in the economic developments، a country that has an economy based on the mono-product is on the most risk. Non-oil exports is one of the most important economic issues in the oil -rich countries and a general discussion in which، there is talking about diversity and expansion of exports compared to the single product exporting. Therefore، the adoption of policies for diversification and expansion of non-oil exports with the elimination of barriers and good strategies in this field is inevitable necessity in all of the developing countries with single-product economy. Meanwhile، the exchange rate is a variable that affected the policies of the macroeconomic variables، especially the growth of non-oil exports. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exchange rate instability on agricultural exports in the period 1360-1390. The applied model is Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). The results of the study show the inverse relationship between volatility of exchange rate and the agricultural exports.

insurance institutions, including financial institutions that are providing security near the economic capital in creating the financial resources at time intervals to receive insurance premium and pay damages, especially in long-term insurance can lead to mobility and dynamicaly and development financial markets and with accumulation of capital necessary can provide fields of economic growth. In this study with using a CROOSS – COUNTRY PANEL DATA technique to examine the relationship between insurance sector expantion and economic growth in Iran and the selection countries at during the period 1186-2991. The results were considered significant and positive relationship between study variables and economic growth and with increasing 1 percent in the insurance penetration coefficient (the ratio of premium to GDP), the economic growth will increase 90993 percent, then insurance is one of the factors affecting the country's economic growth during the period of review and, the Schumpeter’s opinion (1111) and supply leading theories will be approved.

This study aims to compare the efficiency of public and private investment in terms of effect on growth performance of sectors viz. agriculture, mine and industry and service sector using neoclassical growth model and pooled data technique. The applied index representing efficiency in public and private sectors is the marginal productivity of capital investment. The findings of this study indicate that public investment has had a positive effect on the growth of service sector while private investment has had positive impact on growth of both industry and service sectors. At the same time marginal productivity of investment in private sector tends to be higher than that of public sector. On this ground, one could justify the undergoing program of privatization of state owned enterprises.