فهرست مطالب سید رضا شاکری

Imam Khomeini is a multidimensional thinker who reflects philosophical, theological, jurisprudential and mystical aspects in his views and thoughts. The fact that the thought itself is the sum of these different aspects makes that person important, but putting these ideas into action doubles the importance of that person Apart from the general theoretical and practical importance of Imam Khomeini, this article examines the relationship between Imam Khomeini's thought and the mystical thought of Ayatollah Shahabadi (his master). The method of this article is descriptive-analytical. The findings indicate that a kind of dipole in mysticism, which is represented in the form of the current situation / the desired situation (in the opposite form), is reflected in the thoughts of Shahabadi and consequently Imam Khomeini. The transition from mysticism to political theory, which begins with Shahabadi's thought and crisis and reaches the political thought founded by Imam Khomeini, is manifested in a broad form and in "action", ie political leadership.

By asking about security in Hobbes's political philosophy, this article addresses why power and security are intertwined in the modern state and the virtuous role of human beings in providing and promoting security in society has been neglected. In other words, insecurity in the contemporary era, and especially in the wake of the formation of global experiences of Leviathan as the only legitimate and effective power structure in societies and international relations, rather than resulting from power struggles between states are rooted in Hobbes's anthropology, which is itself the theoretical foundation of the modern state. Using this theory of critical reconstruction based on Hobbes's internal logic of anthropology, this study tries to introduce insecure and insecure sources in Hobbes's view of human beings and Identity. The results of this study show that Hobbes's anthropology, as the theoretical basis of the structure of today's modern state, makes man an inherently dangerous, anxious, selfish, and at the same time legitimate and justified being in achieving all his desires. This type of anthropology is the main source of insecurity production, the consequences and effects of which are reflected in Leviathan.

Political institutions in the light of the evolution of political thought and theories can show new possibilities and limitations. The President has an important and decisive position in the Iranian Constitution, which stems from the direct vote of the people, the ratification of the Supreme Leader, the representation of Iran's national sovereignty in relation to other countries, and its symbolic national face.Today, when the power of states and governments has diminished and, instead, human and individual responsibilities have been highlighted in various spheres of society, politics, and economy and in common human issues, the position of the President, according to new readings, acquires such capacities.Today, as the power of states and governments has diminished and, instead, human and individual responsibilities have been highlighted in various spheres of society, politics, and economics and in common human issues, the position of the President, according to new readings, acquires such capacities.The question of this research is what is the role and position of the president in the constitution according to the efficiency indicators and how can this position be promoted in practice to increase his efficiency? The position of the President is studied in this article with the aim of recognizing and explaining the new possibilities of political action.This effort is based on the components of efficiency within the normative institutional theory. The results show that all the human and cultural content of Constitution can show and reveal new functional aspects for president according to those components.

From a philosophical and theoretical point of view, two intellectual approaches can be identified and analyzed in Qeysar Aminpour poetry; Early Poetry and Late Poetry.The aim of this research is to show the fulfillment of formation of these two types in relation to contextual developments and to explain the differences between the two from the perspective of intellectual and spiritual evolution of the poet.In earlier poetry, the poet is influenced by intellectual, political, and environmental conditions, and the focus of poetry production and the poet's mind is mainly religious and revolutionary ideas and beliefs that produce poems with specific themes.In Aminpour's recent poetry, lived experience takes the place of the mind and poems are produced with the focus and content of human situations in life.The theoretical basis of this research is the concept of lived experience in Wilhelm Deltay's theory of humanities, which has been used by literary scholars to study the poems of many poets.The findings of this study show that Qeysar Aminpour is a poet influenced by the social, intellectual and political developments of his society and larger common human world, and goes through the evolutionary process in poetry and achieves a new language and world of poetry dimensions.

The relation of language and politics is very important in the field of political thought and political science. The issues related to this subject are divided into two parts: the first deals with the ontological and epistemological approach to the role of language in understanding politics as an existential exercise and the realization of political animal and citizenship; and, the second focuses on different functions of language in politics. On the other hand, considering the role of religion in social and political life, the capabilities and functions of the language of religion are also taken into consideration. By analyzing the communicative, emotional, and human functions of language, this article by employing a hermeneutic and phenomenological method, will reveal the effect of language on reducing violence, confrontation, and antagonism. The results of this study show that during the lingual hegemony in the discourse of modernity that was subject-based, Imam Khomeini devised a new language on the basis of religion, mysticism, and ethics that treated human beings equal and as a single being. The functions of language in the theoretical and practical politics of the Imam became meaningful in this ontological system. The relationship of the people and the rulers in the language of the Imam is not one-sided from top to bottom, but it is based on an ontological justice and equality that manifests itself within modern political institutions such as the constitution.

This paper can point to undeniable considerations in criticizing and criticizing the literary text of Iran by presenting the correct and additional explanation of Derrida's deconstruction and its cognitive requirements, making it acceleration in the use of new theories and methods of critique European Europe is in Iran. Mojtaba Golestani's book is also criticized for this failure. Thus, the article shows that in understanding, explaining and criticizing the works of contemporary Iranian writers, they should discuss with them beforehand, in order to understand the distance between the reader's world and the text for the reader of his own. The book deliberately as a researcher, like the modern subject, has transformed the texts of AleAhmad into the subjects of his research program and has not been able to communicate with the text. In this article, the process of objecting the texts is largely open in a critically acclaimed book. The result of this study is that the critique of the works of such people as Ale Ahmad Shamloo, Shariati, Nima and others is a function of their historical conditions and activities, which should be taken in a concise and balanced way.

Skinner and Tabatabaee¡ two thinkers who work in the history of thought in the West and Iran seek to identify its intellectual origins and evolution. However¡ both the author reviews the history of ideas¡ but due to differences in the search way are different. Skinner reviews on the idea with deep conviction to date and the total negation of the opinion that while Tabatabaee in any research activity¡ the dream of achieving modernity. Tabatabaee thinkers review the criteria for such measures modernity and tradition. A measure that eventually led him to the conclusion that a decline of thought in Iran. On the other hand Skinner prominent writers in the history of linguistic conventions and attempts to arrest them intentionality of the author and action with regard to the texts recognize that time.

Islamic revolution realized in Iran under the leadership of a religious leader. Although the leader was in exile but he had strong connections with his followers despite his deprivation of communication means. This issue in this paper is the basis of reviewing the relationship between language and politics; so the paper tries to explain pragmatic and strategic aspects of language in Imam Khomeini's leadership in the process of Islamic revolution. In the field of study of relationship between language and politics, there are two general approaches: politics as theory and knowledge and politics as power and the realm of collective action to sustain or to change the current situation. This paper, by focusing on the second approach and by using the theories of language competence and language pragmatics in the realm of media and in mobilization of mass, will try to examine influential functions and pragmatic aspects of language in Imam Khomeini's thoughts. The findings indicate that Imam Khomeini as a scholar in mystics, ethics and jurisprudence and by his own classification of Islamic sciences introduced the pragmatism as the core of those sciences and used the language along political and revolutionary actions. Mobilizing the mass, criticizing and opposing the current situation and inviting the people to realize the Islamic state are among Imam Khomeini's pragmatic aspects of leadership.

Modern political theory is of great value for its inner authenticity and outer implementations; but how this theory has been formed? The hypothesis of this study is that the modernity invented and formed the forces which caused dramatically changes in foundations and implementations of modern theory. Two primary factors are important here: scientific thinking as grounding factor, and new politics (modern state), which emerged aftermath the collapse of medieval ages as outer factor. New scientific thinking prepared the context for such an evolution by transforming the concept of nature, and in the realm of politics by concentrating on power and distancing form the idea of “excellent city”. So, the modern political theory emerged as an effective and referential framework for illustrating the political life and offered solution for political problems. By separating between new and old political theories in a historical sense, this paper attend to show the formation of modern political theory in modern era and how it separated from old world; it also illustrate the characteristics of modern political theory and its new practical implementations; the results indicate that modern political theory was credible and successful for relationship between its theoretical ideas and values and its practical implementations in socio-political life; a task of modern theory which is in danger and doubt, in the ear of globalization.

This article explains functional and hermeneutic aspects of “Introduction” poetic prose of in speech of “Hussein, Inheritor of Adam” in work series No. 19 of Ali Sharia’ti. Here, “Introduction” is assumed as an independent literary work and close to a drama text that based on its theme and components carries functional works into audience and causes social action in its audience. In other hand, its hermeneutic aspect signifies author’s existential problems about human and destiny and helps audience understand historical role of author despite his efficiency. Ashura is the central axis in “Introduction” that carries two aspects of efficiency and hermeneutic in position of a tragic drama. This article explains its claim based on a mixed theoretical framework came to this conclusion that “Introduction” is located below “Kaviriat” based on its method and content and also in categorized as “Islamiat and Ejtema’yiat” and in this view it can be regarded to have features of a literary text.

Interdisciplinary can be considered as an advantage when it has a certain relation with scientific and epistemic facilities in a society. In contemporary Iran، some of these facilities are the heritage of our religious intellectualism، and considering interdisciplinary phenomenon، they may be used in scientific and methodological fields، and somehow in academic policy-making. The heritage of Ali Shariati’s intellectualism – as a thing that cannot be rejected in terms of language، theoretical value، and attraction to students in our thought framework – contains the basis for multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary thought. Therefore، having multi-disciplinary knowledge، Shariati discuses subjects such as human، history، land، and identity – which cannot be explained properly using a mere field of study – in an inter-disciplinary method. The canon of Shariti’s inter-disciplinary thought can be discussed in the concept of “fixed-variable”. This paper conducts a hermeneutical analysis of the interdisciplinary facilities in Shariati’s intellectualism base on “fixed-variable” challenge. The result indicates that interdisciplinary can be a base for making human sciences indigenous in Iran. If we take into account the interdisciplinary based on historical and social facts، the real epistemic and thinking challenges will be revealed and interdisciplinary can be expanded.

Political life, the necessity of defining favorable society and introducing a true model of it have always been among the important topics of different traditions of political thinking. The main focus of each of these traditions has been human, as the major inhabitant of favorable society or city, and his role in establishing and perpetuating it. From this point of view understanding human is one of the preliminary issues for every political thinker. The political ideas of Imam Khomeini are discussed and analyzed through the same method and with an emphasis on the general framework of anthropology and its status in his political thinking. By developing a particular understanding of human, both in individual and collective life, Imam Khomeini managed to acquire a special form of political thinking which provided the basis for the establishment of the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Emergence of theoretical studies concerning national security has given rise to the possibility of raising the issue of security in the frameworks of political thought. One of the focal points in the political thought of Imam Khomeini is the position and significance of the political system briefly termed as the position of political system. The present article terms the same issue as political security. The main question of the present article is: What is the meaning and referent of political security according to Imam Khomeini? The hypothesis says: Imam Khomeini has given the highest significance to the principle and position of the political system based on two postulates: a) Government is the only guarantee for implementation of Islamic regulations b) Establishment of Islamic government is an obligation. Testing the hypothesis occurs through a theoretical framework being a modified and supplemented form of the theory of political security of Buzan. The three elements of this theory are elaborated and used as the indices of political security in analyzing the political thought of Imam Khomeini. This fact is explained by mentioning various evidence from Imam Khomeini political thought. The second part of the article focuses on the threats of political security. The outcomes of the article show that the threats of coherency and security of political system are directed respectively to the idea of state, the political institutions, and finally the material stance of government.

Understanding modern political thought requires some prerequisites. The conceptual history of politics dates back to about 3000 years ago, i.e. to Greece where political thought was born. Gradually during historical periods, political thought transformed as a result of various developments. In the modern age, it was deeply influenced by new scientific methods. Understanding the relationship between cognition and politics and the logic of the traditions of political thought is possible by means of two principles: distinguishing the original from politics and considering the relationship between the old and the new.

After the establishment of the new political system in Iran, there were many attempts to comprehend this newly generated order and its important axis, the jurisprudent guardianship. The increased number of political science guraduates and religious scholars of Qom research centers in the last one and a half decade, which is due to the existing political conditions and power relations, has led to the creation of a preoccupation that we have referred to as "politicography" in this article. In the descriptive analytical report on this phenomenon, some outstanding works of contemporary political writers has been methodically studied.

In the Ancient period religious knowledge system and classic political philosophy didnt in itself focus on security. Inward security in the pre-modern era, in fact, was rooted in the fatality that unavailable for the human being. They were lived in the spiritual atmosphere and believed in the divine destiny that flow over in the natural law and latent harmony in the universe in which definite his/her life and inward security. The Stoic philosophy, in addition, was based upon this order which linked to the Plato's and Aristotle's and Christianity philosophy, the later. In stead of the past, modern political philosophy that constructed the modern state was paying more attention on power and security.Here the purpose is reviewing what and how the transition occurred in the history of political thoughts and for doing it, it is necessary to definite how the men converted. Author by exploring how the modern mankind emerged in the west and explanting the characteristics of him/her is trying to form into the existence and evaluation of the political theory by referring to the two important thinkers: Machiavelli and Hobbes. Resulting that men by denying the gifted and destined order felt alone, and inevitably insecurity and unsafely made more important than. So security made way as the fireplace of the modern age.

This essay is a look into the political thought of Reza Davari. The author seeks to address two basic pivots in Davari’s political thinking; first his deliberations on Farabi’s political philosophy; and second, his critique of modernity. It is claimed here that Davari’s political thought is primarely philosophical, and also necessarily affected by the historical context of his life.