فهرست مطالب سید سلمان علوی

Due to significant social, economic, cultural, and lifestyle changes in Iran during past decades and the relationship among the unstable social and economic status and mental complications the study of psychiatric disorders has become important and necessary, the aim of this study was epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents.

A total of 1035 children aged 6-18 years from Yazd Province, Iran were enrolled in this cross-sectional study in 2017 using a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the following inventories for school-age children (6-18 years): Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SAD-SPL). Logistic regression and SPSS version 16 software were used for data analysis.

44.1% of participants were boys and 55.9% were girls. The mean age of the participants was 11.3±3.9 years. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents was 35.5%. Meanwhile, anxiety disorders had the highest prevalence rate (22.2%) and among anxiety disorders, separation anxiety disorder (8.7%) and generalized anxiety (8.6%) were the most prevalent. There was a significant difference in all psychiatric disorders based on gender, more evident in the high rate of obsessive-compulsive disorder, enuresis, tic, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, hyperactivity, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, smoking disorder, and epilepsy were more evident in boys (P-value < 0.05).

The prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders in young population of Yazd Province is relatively high and because of its impact on individuals' social and personal function, it could have substantial implications for mental health services.

Psychiatric disorders are gaining top rank in the burden of disease. Undoubtedly, knowing their prevalence in children and adolescents can help prevent and control these problems and save money. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Isfahan. According to the nature of the research, the research method is a fundamental type that was performed on 1010 children and adolescents in Isfahan province in 2017 that were randomly selected using multistage cluster sampling. Clinical psychologists are trained to conduct research refer to the selected children's homes and using the Persian version of the semi-structured diagnostic interview for Mental Disorders and Schizophrenia for children and adolescents, Current Detection and Lifespan (K-SADS-PL). In addition, demographic data (gender, age, education, parental education, and economic status) were also collected. After collecting the data, the data were analyzed by SPSS software using frequency indices and frequency. According to the findings, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Isfahan province is 14.8% and the prevalence of these disorders in boys is higher than in girls. Also, according to the results, the prevalence of these disorders in the age range of 10-14 years was more than other ages. Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in the city were more than children and adolescents in the village. According to the results, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Isfahan province is in the middle range compared to other studies carried out in other researches carried out inside and outside the country. However, the need for mental health policies in childhood and adolescence is suggested to reduce the burden of damage in the future and provide solutions to the problem.

New information on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents is essential for planning and management of health system. Despite the significance of recognizing the health status of children and adolescents, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Iran has not been systematically investigated. This study, which is part of the National Survey of Iranian Children and Adolescents (IRCAP), examines the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Mazandaran province, northern Iran.

In a cross-sectional survey, 1051 children and adolescents residing in Mazandaran, aged 6 – 18 years, were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. In addition to demographic data, the Persian version of K-SADS-PL (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children--Present and Lifetime Version) was used to assess psychiatric disorders based on Axis I of the DSM-IV.

The overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders is 18% (20.42 – 15.78), mood disorders is 2% (3.15 – 1.38), psychotic disorders is 0.1% (0.2 – 55.02), anxiety disorders is 10.4% (12.8 – 36.67), separation anxiety disorder is 4.6% (6.3 – 01.46), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is 0.3% (0.8 – 0.1), behavioral disorders is 5.1% (6.3 – 65.96), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is 2.9% (4.16 – 2.09), conduct disorder is 2.0% (0.0 – 8.1), neurodevelopmental disorders is 2.1% (3.1 – 15.38) and mental retardation is 0.8% (1.4 – 49.0). 42.9% of the cases with depressive disorders also have anxiety disorders. 17.4% of anxiety disorders are associated with behavioral disorders.

According to the results of this study, psychiatric disorders are considerably common among children and adolescents in Mazandaran. Anxiety disorders are the most common and psychotic disorders are the least common group of psychiatric disorders. Separation anxiety disorder is the most common and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the least common anxiety disorder. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common and conduct disorder the least common behavioral disorder. Among psychiatric disorders, the highest comorbidity is between depression and anxiety disorders.

Today, the role of non-drug treatment is important in the treatment of addiction. Compliance therapy plays effective role in improvement of quality of life, reducing the effects sides of treatment and especially in mental health promotion. The present study has been designed to determine the effect of “compliance therapy “with group therapy on quality of life, general function, acceptance and care after illness in opioid addicted under Methadone Meintanance Therapy (MMT).
Material & The clinical trial methodology was done on the addicted persons who are in recovery phase, in 4 addiction treatment centers in Tehran city during 2016 year. Initially, 120 patients were selected randomly, they were devided in four groups (group therapy, group therapy and compliance therapy, compliance therapy and control group). The variables of study were quality of life (QOL), Global Function, treatment acceptance, this variables were assessed by Quality of Life Questionnaire, and Global Assessment Function and compliance therapy scale. To data analysis we used descriptive and inferential statistic (ANOVA) and ANCOVA via SPSS 20 software.
Based on ANOVA analysis, there are significant differences in sub scales of quality of life questionnaire (including interpersonal relationship, activities and Common goals), Global Function Assessment in Social, vocational and educational fields and score of compliance between 4 groups. (P-value The results showed that, care after treatment such as group therapy, compliance therapy or matrix therapy are effectiveness in treatment of addiction.

Vehicles are the symbol of civilization and driving considered as a necessary activity among different daily life activities such as working, social life and entertainment. The aim of the present study was to determination of cognitive-behavioral features of bus and truck drivers during road accidents.
In this cross-sectional study, 800 drivers were investigated. subjects selected by convenient sampling methods among drivers referred to the Tehran Imam Sajad hospital in order to doing addiction test, in 2013 to 2014. Structured interviews was used to assess the mental health of drivers. Non-parametric test (Mann-Whitney U) and multivariate analysis were used to data analyze.
The mean age (standard deviation) of drivers was 46.5(11.44). The results showed that There is statistical significan between mean scores of depression and drivers who have or not history of accidents (p Driving behaviors and occurrence of traffic crashes affected by some mental disorders. Given the importance and sensitivity of driving behaviors on the crash, it is essential to do comprehensive psychological assessments among drivers before and after giving driver's license

Carpet knitters play an important role in economic systems of families and they are dealing with stress at work for many reasons. Therefore, they need both external and internal supporting resources for coping with these stresses. Among supporting resources, self-esteem is the most internal and social support is the most external supporting resources. This study was designed to identify the relationship between perceived social support and self-esteem in Naeen village ’ s carpet knitters. This study is a descriptive- analytical research with correlation design. Two hundred carpet knitters of Naeen’s villages were assessed using two questionnaires; “Cooper Smith” scale of self-esteem and multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Results were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Regression. According to Pearson correlation coefficient, a significant correlation was found between self esteem and social support, r = 0.48, (p< 0.001). Consequently, social support can influence the individuals self-esteem and when people have higher self-esteem and self- confidence, they can play their roles properly and achieve more success in both private and social life

Many researchers in the universities are engaged in research and science production. Although the results of their researches are often released as articles in professional journals, long and technical reports are doubted to be comprehensible for those who need to use them."Executive summary", as a short report derived from the final research report, is a format especially developed for knowledge users who affect or are affected by researches (research stakeholders).This short article reviewed the content and usage of executive summary in available online resources. It finally suggests executive summaries to be included in all research in addition to final reports

Internet occupies a large part of youth's life and each year more reports are published a bout Internet addiction disorder (IAD).This study argues the validity and reliability of Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ) correspondence Iranian society and culture. This is a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical research. For these purpose 400 students of Isfahan universities were subjected. Sampling method was quota sampling. Cases completed demographic questionnaire, Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) and YDQ (Young Diagnostic Questionnaire). Finally we performed a psychiatric interview (based on DSM-IV-TR) for all of the samples. For data analysis we used face, discriminative and concurrent validity, Chronbach α, split half, test-retest and ROC Curve by SPSS-14 Software. Concurrent validity was (r=0.78, 0.81), discriminative validity was (r=0.62). Besides YDQ shows internal consistency (α=0.70), split-half validity(r=0.64), test –retest reliability (r=0.74, p<0.01). The best cut off point for this questionnaire is number 4. The result showed that Persian version of YDQ is valid and reliable. Considering lack of a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring addiction to the internet, YDQ could be a suitable tool for measuring internet addiction in future research.

The latest version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorder (DSM-IV-TR), classified internet addiction disorder under "impulse control disorder not elsewhere classified". This study evaluates diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV-TR for diagnosis of IAD correspondence with Iranian society and culture. This is a descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional research. For these purpose 400 students of Isfahan universities were entered into the study. Sampling method was quota sampling. At first we performed clinical interview (based on DSM-IV-TR) for all cases, then the interviews reevaluated by another specialist. Data analysis has been done by content validity, inter-scorer reliability (Kappa coefficient) and test-retest with SPSS1-14 software. Content validity of diagnostic interviews match with DSM-IV-TR criteria and their content is appropriate, two items including "chatroom pathological use" and "monthly fees for internet" were added to promote its validity. Internal reliability (Kappa) was 0.80 and test –retest reliability was r=0.74(p<0.01). Results suggest that diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV-TR are valid and reliable for internet addiction diagnosis and with this clinical interview. We have a more effective way to diagnose internet addiction in the future studies. [ZJRMS, 2011; 13(6): 31-35]

The process of knowledge transfer and exchange (KTE) in fact is a process of utilizing knowledge gained from research to practice. Appropriate exploitation of research results is guaranteed by good management of the research. The research aimed to evaluate the situation of KTE in current research centers in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, and review its strengths and weakness in this field. This descriptive– analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out in 2010. First a KTE briefing workshop was held for officials and experts from research centers and deputy of school, about how to complete the questionnaire. The self questionnaire, prepared earlier in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, was completed by research centers. Findings were analyzed using Excel software. The results were presented in four sections of a research cycle i.e.: the question of research (research priorities), knowledge production, knowledge dissemination and evidence based practice. Knowledge production by acquiring 63% of total score had the highest score and research question or setting of research priorities and having close relationship with stakeholder's with 30% of the total scores had the lowest score. Research centers need to obtain more efficient relationship with their stakeholders to identify and prioritize research topics. Doing granted research (particularly from sources outside the university) makes closer contact with the stakeholders and the use of research achievements is somehow guaranteed. Therefore KTE can promote transfer of research outcomes to every audience properly.

Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) is a newest and prestigious questionnaire in the diagnosis of internet addiction. The goals of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity (psychometric properties) of Persian version of CIUS in internet users of Isfahan's universities. In this descriptive and Cross- sectional research 400 Isfahan university students were enrolled by quota sampling method. Studied population completed demographic questionnaire, Persian version ofCIUS, Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Young Diagnostic Questionnaire (YDQ).Finally, to determine the cut off point, all studied subjects were interviewed clinically based on diagnostic criteria for Internet addiction (DSM- IV- TR). After collecting and scoring the questionnaires, the psychometric features of the questionnaire analyzed using factor analysis, discriminative validity, internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha), split half, and ROC Curve by SPSS15 Software. Factor analysis revealed three factors for CIUS. It has good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89), split half (r = 0.89), discriminative validity (r = 0.68) and concurrent validity (0.78,0.81).The best cut off point for this questionnaire (CIUS) was 37. CIUS has acceptable psychometric properties and this is a valid and reliable instrument that may be used in research on Internet addiction.

There is growing concern about internet addiction and accessing a valid and reliable assessment tool based on DSM diagnostic criteria which can differentiate normal internet users and internet addicts, is very limited. Young internet addiction questionnaire is one of valid available questionnaires. This study was designed to investigate psychometric properties of the mentioned questionnaire. This descriptive cross-sectional survey research was performed on 233 Isfahan university students in 2008. Research units were selected by quota sampling from universities of Isfahan and completed demographic questionnaire, Young Internet Addiction Test and YDQ. A clinical interview based on DSM-IV-TR was performed on all samples. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha, bisection, test-retest and ROC curve by SPSS 12. Results­: Factor analysis by principal component and Varimax rotation revealed five factors of social problems, effect on performance, lack of control, pathological use of chat rooms and neglecting educational and occupational duties. Content and convergent validity, Internal consistency (α =0.88), test–retest reliability (r=0.82) and bisection (r=0.72) were determined and all were acceptable, regarding results. Best cut off point for the questionnaire was 46. Young ’s Internet Addiction Test has acceptable psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable tool that may be used in psychological and psychiatric studies in order to screen normal internet users and internet addicts.

Our age is called the age of the communication which in a sense the modern communication tools influence our values، beliefs، and generally our identity or establish relations with them. One aspect of it is spending too much time in virtual space that can result in acculturation and extreme effects on norms and values، and affect the national and traditional identity of the users. Based on the descriptive-analytical cross-sectional method، 250 users (Isfahan University students divided into addicted and non-addicted internet users) were compared on the basis of national، religious identity and the sub-criterions of these two types. The relation between addiction to internet and the religious and national identity was analyzed through SPSS. The findings of the research show that، spending too much time in internet and virtual environments and addiction is related to some of the defections in some of the aspects of national and religious identity.

Introduction &

Some researches have shown that 14% of internet users suffer from OCD behaviors, psychosis status, depression, and etc. Also, in other studies characteristics such as social withdrawal, low self esteem, etc have been considered. This study aims to investigate internet addiction and its relationship to psychiatric symptoms.

In order to perform this descriptive and cross-sectional research, a total of 120 students of Isfahan universities was selected based on quota sampling. The samples completed demographic questionnaires, YDQ, Internet Addiction Test(IAT), and Symptom Checklist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R). Finally, scores of psychiatric symptoms were predicted by internet addiction scores. Also, mean psychiatric symptoms in internet addicted and non addicted were compared. The data was analyzed using Multiple Logistic Regression & MANCOVA by SPSS12 Software.

Based on our findings, there are significant differences between mean psychiatric symptoms in all of SCL-90-R subscales and GSI,PSDI,PST in addicted and non addicted (P<0.05). Also, findings showed that there are positive and significant correlation between scores of psychiatric symptoms(such as depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis, OCD, Interpersonal Sensivity, aggression, paranoia, phobia and psychosis), and GSI,PSDI,PST and internet addiction.(P<0.01). Also, internet addiction (with controlling sex variable) influences on psychiatric symptoms.

The findings of this research suggest that internet addiction should be considered a serious health problem because of its side effects on the youth. Also, it is necessary for psychiatrists and psychologists practicing in mental health areas to be aware of mental problems due to internet addiction such as anxiety, depression, aggression, occupationl and educational dissatisfaction.

“Health” is the perfect bio-psychosocial comfortness and psychological health is identified one of the most important parts of person's health. Job exhaustion is affected by some parameters such as job environment. The purpose of this study is the determination of relation between job exhaustion and psychological health in some of carpet-knitters and also the control group in Naeen city. The method was analytical-descriptive and the samples were about 200 carpet-knitters from carpet-knitting workshops in Naeen that were evaluated for psychological health and job exhaustion and their results were compared with those of the control group. The tools of this study were: SCL-90-R questionnaire for psychological health & MBI questionnaire for job exhaustion that their validity and reliability have been proved by valid researches. The data were analyzed by SPSS software and two groups were compared using Descriptive Statistics and T-test. Results showed that there was a significant difference between two groups in subscales of SCL-90 questionnaire (depression, anxiety, hypochondriasis, interpersonal sensivity, aggression, phobia and psychosis) (P

Youth and adolescence are important periods of human life. The time duration of using internet and virtual spaces is being increased among this age group. This study examined the identity status and mental health in three groups of Tehran University students using internet and virtual spaces.

Methods and Materials :

 In a cross sectional study, 200 19-30 years old students selected via quota sampling from various faculties of Tehran University. Demographic questionnaire, Ego Identity scale, National Identity Scale, Religious Identity Scale and GHQ (General Health Questionnaire) were administered; then the participants were distributed in three group; namely: over users (spend 20-40 hours per week using internet and virtual spaces), moderate users (5-10 hours per week), and rare users (seldom use these media). Then they were compared regarding their mean scores of the administered scales. Data were analyzed by SPSS 10 using ANOVA and follow up Sheffe test.

No significant difference was considered in ego identity scores of the three groups (F = 3.2, p

In this study, national and religious identity scores as well as mental health status scores were obviously lower in the over users group. Prolonged time usage of internet and virtual spaces may be associated with poorer mental health status as well as, defects in some identity aspects.