سید شهاب بنی هاشم

Medical residents have a crucial role in the development of the healthcare system and medical services. This study aimed to determine the quality of life, job satisfaction, and sleep hygiene pattern of the medical residents of various specialties working in teaching centers affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, before and after the beginning of the residency period.

This cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study with a convenience sampling method assessed 162 medical residents who filled out the research questionnaires twice during a six-month period from September 2018 to March 2018. The required data were collected using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment, Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and Sleep Hygiene Index.

The results of the study revealed that the quality of life (P=0.000), job satisfaction (P=0.000), and sleep hygiene pattern (P=0.000) significantly decreased in medical residents six months after starting the residency program. Quality of life was found to be lower in men than in women (P=0.000); however, in the field of specialty, no significant difference was found in terms of the relevant variables six months after starting the residency period (P>0.05). Furthermore, having more than 15 shifts per month was significantly related to decreased quality of life in medical residents (P=0.01).

Considering the results of the present study, there is a necessity to provide programs in medical universities to improve the quality of life, job satisfaction, and sleep hygiene pattern among medical residents during their academic period.

Objectives:

 Elderly with psychological disorders are at risk of malnutrition. Investigating the nutritional status and identifying the effective factors among the preventive and control measures. This study aims to investigate the nutritional status and its relationship with health status and micronutrients level in older people with psychological disorders.

Methods & Materials:

 In this cross-sectional survey, 101 older people admitted to Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran in 2018 participated. The data were collected after blood sampling and assessing body mass index (BMI) using a demographic form, the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool and a health status questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by the chi-square test, ANOVA and logistic regression analysis in SPSS v. 21.

Results:

 Almost three-quarters of the participants had an abnormal nutritional status. The results showed that the nutritional status of participants had a significant relationship with dental health status, physical activity, the serum levels of vitamin D and vitamin B12, and BMI (P<0.05). After logistic analysis, vitamin B12 level (OR=1.007, 95% CI: 1.002-1.012), physical activity (OR=8.539, 95%CI: 1.142-63.85) and dental health status (OR=23.119, 95%CI:1.401-38.788) were reported as the predictors of nutritional status. It was reported that 95% of the elderly had vitamin D deficiency.

Conclusion:

 Most of the elderly with psychological disorders are at risk of malnutrition or have malnutrition. The identified predictors of malnutrition for this group are modifiable. Therefore, regular screening and nutritional management should be strengthened for their therapeutic interventions.

The prevalence of aging and chronic psychiatric disorders is increasing. Older people hospitalized are at risk of malnutrition. In this study, the nutritional status of the elderly living in a psychiatric hospital was investigated, and also related factors were extracted.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. One hundred and one older adults over 60 years old in Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). SPSS software version 21 and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.

Most of the elderly were in the age range of 60 to 75 years, and 51.5 percent were female. At-risk and malnourished status, the average prevalence was 22.8%, 59.4%, and 17.8%, respectively. There was a significant relationship between education level, dental status, aspiration, balance status, the experience of an acute disease or stress in the last three months, and the level of physical activity with the nutritional status of the elderly (P<0.05).

More than three-quarters of the elderly were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate measures to improve the situation. In this regard, the formulation and implementation of interventions following the associated factors extracted in this study will be helpful.