سید علی کاظمی رضایی

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (MDS–16) in an Iranian Sample.

In a descriptive-correlational study a sample of 300 students was selected by an online snowball sampling method. In order to assess the divergent and convergent validity, the Dissociative Experiences Scale II (DES-II) and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) were used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and Pearson's correlation were used.

The results of exploratory factor analysis in this questionnaire revealed three factors including Interferer daydreaming, Stubborn daydreaming, and Dependent daydreaming in the Iranian student population. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that the three-factor model has an acceptable fitness. Cronbach's alpha for the first factor was 0.90, the second factor was 0.86, the third factor was 0.79 and the whole questionnaire was 0.93. A significant negative relationship was found between the three factors of the questionnaire and the total score of daydreaming with acceptance and practice, which indicates the divergent validity of this scale. A direct and significant relationship was also evident between the three factors of the questionnaire and the total score of Maladaptive Daydreaming with the components of Dissociative amnesia, Depersonalization/ Derealization, and Absorption/Imaginative Involvement which indicates the convergent validity of the tool.

the Persian version of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale has acceptable psychometric properties in the Iranian student community and could be a useful questionnaire in evaluating Maladaptive Daydreaming.

Emotional dysregulation has been identified as an important meta-diagnostic factor for the etiology and treatment of various psychological problems and high-risk behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Persian version of the Difficulty in emotion regulation scale positive (DERS-P) in students.

The statistical population of this study consisted of all students of Kharazmi University and Razi University in the academic year 1399-1400, of which 313 students (195 females, 118 males) They participated as a sample available through virtual networks and answered the Difficulty in Positive Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-P), the Emotional Disorder Scale (DERS) and the Short Form of Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (PWQ). The collected data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS-25 and AMOS-22 software.

Confirmatory factor analysis indices indicated that the three-factor model fits the scale of difficulty in positive emotion regulation. Convergent and divergent validity were also confirmed by calculating the scale correlation with the scale of difficulty in emotion regulation and psychological well-being, respectively (P<0.05). The internal consistency method was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaireCronbach's alpha for accept was 0.72, goals were 0.84, impulse was 0.86 and total scale was 0.90.

According to the findings, it can be said that Persian Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale‐Positive (DERS-P) in Iran has good psychometric properties and can be a reliable tool in clinical and research situations.

The aim of this study was to compare irrational beliefs and anxiety disorder (self-morbidity) in women with and without systemic lupus erythematosus. This was a descriptive causal-comparative study. The statistical population of the study included all female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in Kermanshah in 2018. By random sampling method, 50 women with lupus and 50 non-lupus were selected. Research tools include; Jones Irrational Beliefs Questionnaire (IBT) and Evans Self-Pathology Questionnaire (EHQ). To analyze the research data, the statistical method of multivariate analysis of variance was used using SPSS 22 software. The results of the present study showed that there is a significant difference between women with and without lupus erythematosus and in how irrational beliefs and symptoms of anxiety disorder and having the disease (P <0.001). Therefore, it can be said that anxiety disorder and having irrational beliefs are considered risk factors in the exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus in women.

The aim of this study was to investigate the Effectiveness of Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) in the domain of dissociative experiences, object relations and delayed reward discounting in patients with substance use disorders and addiction.

This study was a semi-experimental research conducted in the form of pretest-posttest with control group. The sample of this study included 30 males with substance abuse disorder in the addiction treatment clinics in Marivan city of Iran. Patients were selected by an experienced psychiatrist and Structured Clinical Interview. Patients were randomly assigned either experimental (n=15) or control groups (n=15). Participants completed the Dissociative Experiences Scale-II (DES-II), Bell's object relation inventory (BORI) and the Monetary-Choice Questionnaire (MCQ) in the pretest and posttest. The experimental group received the Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) for fifteen 90-minute sessions. Data were analyzed by multivariate covariance.

The findings of this study showed that Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) after 15 sessions had significant effects on dissociative experiences, object relations and delayed reward discounting of the experimental group compared to the control group.

The results of the current study showed that Intensive Short-Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) was an effective strategy to improve the symptoms of dissociative experiences, object relations and delayed reward discounting in patients with substance use disorders and addiction and can be used as an effective therapeutic approach.

In the contemporary world most people's lives have been affected by modern communication technologies such as mobile phones and computers. The entrance of mobile phones into daily communication and usage has led to new changes in medical and health perspectives. In fact, “Text Neck Syndrome" is a worrying situation and has the potential to affect millions of people around the world.

The search articles was done in databases PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar and due to the widespread use and prevalence of Smartphone use in the past decade, articles about the years 2010 up to 2019 were extracted. To extract the articles, was used from the related keyword. Then, considering the main subject of the present study and criteria inclusion and exclusion, 10 articles were selected for final investigation.

After reviewing the full text of 10 articles related to the study subject that were chosen for the final review, the results of those articles are described briefly in Table 1 and completely in the discussion section. There is a direct relationship between the duration of phone calls, playing with mobile phones, browsing and the number of texting during the day and musculoskeletal disorders.

The text neck syndrome can cause forward head and rounded shoulder postures, as well as chronic pain in the neck, shoulders, hands, and fingers.

Diabetes is one of the major health issues. This disease is one of the most chronic diseases and threatening the community. The aim of this study was to compare the strategies of cognitive emotion regulation, behavioral brain systems and quality of life in people with diabetes.

The present study was a post-event (comparative study). the statistical population consisted of two groups of diabetic patients referring to a specialized clinic in Tehran and normal people in 1397. The sample of patients (40 diabetes patients) were matched with 40 normal subjects on gender, education, and marital status using the placement method. The research instruments included cognitive emotion regulation, quality of life and inhibition / behavioral activation systems. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance analysis.

The results showed that between two groups in adaptive emotional cognitive (P <0.001), maladaptive cognitive-emotional regulation strategies (P <0.001), quality of life (P <0.001), and Brain-behavioral systems (P <0.001) difference is significant.

Using some of the negative and improper strategies of emotional cognitive regulation, such as rumination and catastrophic thinking, as well as the large activity of the inhibition system that triggers emotional state of anxiety and experiences of negative emotions and low quality of life It can reduce the psychological health of people with diabetes. So, to improve the psychological well-being of diabetic patients, you can use excitement training, awareness of behavioral brain behavior and quality of life.

Since individuals students with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder are more likely to perform some unhealthy behaviors than normal people, this study Done aimed to Effect Exercises Cognitive Rehabilitation on Reduction of Unhealthy Eating Behaviors and Attitudes in Adolescents with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder. The research design was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. The study population consisted of students adolescents 14 to 18 years old diagnosed with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder by Kermanshah education counseling experts. That 24 people were selected by Available sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups: cognitive rehabilitation therapy and control group. The experimental group received 12 sessions of 60 minutes twice a week cognitive rehabilitation exercises and the control group Received the same interventions as usual. Williamson Eating Scale was used to measure the level of unhealthy eating behaviors and attitudes in two pre-test and post-test stages. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS-23 software using covariance analysis. The results showed that the cognitive rehabilitation training in post-test Compared to the control group had a significant effect on reducing unhealthy eating behaviors and attitudes in students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. (P <0/001). According to the findings, it can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation training is effective and can be used to reduce adolescents' unhealthy eating behaviors and attitudes. It is also suggested that professionals working with adolescents with Attention Deficit /Hyperactivity Disorder should use the results presented to help these people.

Regarding the relatively high prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder and its cost-effectiveness, it is imperative that diagnosis and timely treatment are urgently needed. Over the past few decades, many studies have been conducted to identify psychological factors involved in the onset and continuation of this disorder. The current study aimed at comparing perfectionism and thought control strategies in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal individuals.

The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the study included all obsessive-compulsive disorder patients referring to Tehran's health centers, during year 2017. Thirty patients (19 females and 11 males) with obsessive-compulsive disorder and 30 normal subjects were selected based on available sampling and matched according to age, gender, education, and marital status. To collect data, Tehran multi-dimensional perfectionism questionnaire and thought control questionnaire (Wells and Davis, 1994) were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods, including multivariate analysis of variance analysis of the SPSS software version 20 at significance level of P < 0.05.

The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between people with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal individuals in the variables of perfectionism and thought control strategies, so that the mean scores of people with obsessive-compulsive disorder in self-centered perfectionism components, other and community-orientation was more than the normal group (P < 0.001). Also, in thought control strategies, attention deficit, attention, social control, punishment, and re-evaluation were significantly higher than the normal group (P < 0.001).

Based on the findings of this study, perfectionism and thought control strategies are two cognitive factors that may affect the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder and exacerbate and persist the disorder, and therefore should be the focus of therapeutic interventions. Adjusting perfectionism and replacing adaptive coping strategies instead of maladaptive strategies can help control obsessive symptoms

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural equation model between defense styles and self-image in university students. Among the students who studied at the Kharazmi University 154 students were randomly selected and information from the defense style questionnaire and the Beck Self Concept Test were analyzed. The conceptual model of research was fitted with data. The size of the absolute (0.76), relative (0.89), external (0.87) and internal (0.91) indexes showed the fitness of the presented model. The path coefficients indicated that neurotic and immature mechanisms are related to different dimensions of self-concept. All of the studied paths, except for the path of mature defense mechanisms in three domains of self-concept (mental, physical and occupational), are significant. Also, the positive and significant correlation between the immature and neurotic defense mechanisms with self-concept determined. The results of this study emphasize the importance of the relationship between defenders with self-concept.

Family is a social unit that includes the deepest human relationships. In all stages of its development, the couples are the main sub-system and the role of various factors such as attachment styles, defense mechanisms and quality of life are involved in their marital satisfaction. Have Considering the confrontation of nurses with various stressors affecting marital satisfaction, this study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on attachment styles, defense mechanisms and quality of life in married nurses in Tehran.
This research was a fundamental and descriptive research that was done in the shape of a predictive correlative design. For this purpose, From married nurses community in Tehran, 250 male and female nurses (125 males and 125 females) were selected through available sampling and had them answer the questionnaires of ENRICH Marital Satisfaction (1989), Adults Attachments (1990), Defense Styles (1993) and the quality of life (1992). The collected data were analyzed using multiple linear regression stepwise and SPSS 22 software.
The results showed that the variable of safety attachment style has 29% variation with marriage satisfaction, adoptable defense mechanisms has 39% variation with marriage satisfaction and variables of general health, happiness, social function, psychological problems and psychological health all together show 48% variation with marriage satisfaction.
The results of this study support the belief that marital satisfaction is a multi-dimensional category which depends on factors such as quality of life, the level of defense mechanism and attachment styles, and these factors have a direct effect on the interpersonal relationships of couples in adulthood.

Migrant adolescents suffer from a high incidence of PTSD due to the nature of the migration process and changes occurring during adolescence. Regarding the role of empathy in the onset, survival and treatment of this disorder, reducing the level of empathy and not changing the response to neutral stimuli in these individuals, it is necessary to examine empathy with neutral situations in these individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate dimensions of empathy with neutral situations in migrant adolescents with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
For this purpose, in this Ex post-facto research, 15 subjects were selected through the convenience sampling method for each group (group suffering from PTSD, without symptoms of PTSD and control). The five applied assessment tools were the Structural Clinical Interview for DSM Axis I Disorders (SCID-1), the Impact of Event Scale–Revised questionnaire (IES-R), Beck’s anxiety Inventory (BAI), Children’s depression Inventory (CDI), and The Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET). Data were analyzed using Statistical analysis and post hoc test and analyzed by SPSS 22 software.
The results showed that there was no significant difference between dimensions of empathy with neutral situations of people with PTSD in comparison with other groups (F= 0.799, P= 0.574). There was a significant difference between anxiety (P= 0.001) and depression (P= 0.001) scores in the PTSD group than control group. Also, compared to the control group, the differences of anxiety scores in adolescents without PTSD were significant (P= 0.017).
According to the results it can be concluded that the previous reports about deficit in low level of empathy of individuals with PTSD does not include neutral situations, and this group of individuals do not show any deficit in empathy when they face individuals without emotion and they have a recognizable, constructive, and emotional excitement in these situations.

Cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are psycho-physiological disorders. In addition to physical problems, psychosocial factors play an important role in its development and intensification. The purpose of this study was to compare the emotion regulation, self-control and defense mechanisms in patients with coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and normal subjects.
The present study was a post-event causal-comparative study and the statistical population of the study consisted of three groups of cardiovascular patients, diabetic patients and normal people. 40 patients with Coronary Heart Disease, 40 patients with type 2 diabetes, were matched with 40 normal subjects in the variables such as age, gender, education, and marital status. The research instrument was a questionnaire of Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40), emotional regulation questionnaire (CERQ-10) and self-control questionnaire (SC-13). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance.
The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the three groups in the variables reappraisal (P Considering the findings of this research, emotional regulation training, stress management and self-control can be used to promote the Psychiatric Nursing of cardiovascular patients and diabetic patients.

Sexual instinct is one of the most important aspects of human existence and the character of an individual is largely influenced by this instinct. Sexual instinct protects the human race and relative and kinship ties. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of sexual self-efficacy training on life satisfaction and happiness.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted with pretest-posttest design with a control group during the academic year of 2013 to 2014. The study population was all male students of Allameh Tabatabai University School of Psychology and Educational Sciences. Thirty volunteers were selected as the sample and assigned to two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained during eight 90-minute sessions based on a self-directed sexual education program. For data collection, the sexual restraint questionnaire with a reliability of 0.93 and a reliability of 0.86, the life satisfaction questionnaire with a reliability of 0.87 and a validity of 0.82, and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire with a reliability of 90% were used. Data were analyzed by covariance analysis and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. The SPSS version 16 software was used to analyze the data. Also, P values of The results of the study show that the average happiness scores changed significantly over time (P Based on the results, it is recommended for counselors and psychotherapists to use sexual self-esteem education to improve their satisfaction with life and happiness.

the present study aimed to the comparison of the intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and short-term memory capacity in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal individuals. a total of 30 patients (16 female, 14 male) with obsessive-compulsive were selected using convenience sampling from the psychiatric clinics and centers of Tabriz were matched with 30 patients (16 females and 14 males) of normal individuals by demographic information, and all of them were assessed through Baher & Dougas’s intolerance of uncertainty scale and the Wechsler Digit span test subscales .Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and as well as SPSS version 19. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of IU (P

This study aimed at comparing the discriminative role of the cognitive emotion regulation strategies, cognitive fusion and thought control strategies in Obsessive-Compulsive disorder and normal groups.
The study was benefit of a causal-comparative research design. The target population included all patients with Obsessive-Compulsive disorder that referred to medical centers in Tehran in October to March 2016. A group of 50 persons that diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive disorder were selected by purposive sampling method. Then Data were gathered with the Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Yale-Brown, Short form of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire,Thought Control Questionnaire and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Data analyzed with the diagnostic function analysis.
Result showed that mean scores of normal group significantly was more than obsession group in all dimensions except adaptive Emotion Regulation Strategies (except acceptance and reappraisal) as well as thought control strategies (worry, punishment, social control and reappraisal). The mean scores of obsessive group significantly was more than normal group in other variables. Result of diagnostic analysis showed that, according to the cognitive emotion regulation strategies, cognitive fusion and thought control strategies could be predicted membership in group and make a discrimination among two groups.
We can conclude that the activated cognitive fusion beliefs, disposes assessments that based on increased the thought control and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies, consequently obsession is considered dangerous. These assessments lead to feelings of fear, anxiety, guilt and upset.It used inspection or mental disorder strategies, if these assessments indicates that the obsessive thought is dangerous and happening already. These Strategiescauses that person cannot be tested reality of beliefs and refused them.

Background and Regarding the important role of test anxiety in the emergence of some high-risk behaviors, the purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of the test anxiety in relation between procrastination and high risk behaviors in students.
The research design was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study included all the high school students in Karaj during the academic year of 2011-2012 that 320 of them were selected through a purposeful sampling method. Data collected by Academic procrastination scale (Solomon and Ruth Bloom, 1984), Test Anxiety Inventory (Abolghasemi, 1996) and high risk behaviors scale (Brenner, Kan and McManus, 2002). Regression and path analysis were used to analyze of data.
The results of regression analysis in a simultaneous way and using the proposed steps of Baron and Kenny showed that test anxiety can play a significant role as a mediator in the relationship between procrastination and high risk behaviors (P Test anxiety can provide conditions for high risk behaviors along with procrastination; therefore, it is suggested that special attention should be paid to the predictive role of these factors in the study of high risk behaviors.

Background and

Attachment style and identity style as two important components of personality have always been considered by researchers.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality dimensions with attachment styles and identity styles in students with hearing impairment. For data analysis, correlation and multiple regression were used.

The method of this study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of all deaf male students (under 14 years old) who were studying at Imam Sadegh Educational Institute in Mazandaran province in the 2015-2016 academic year that 62 students were selected by sampling method as sample. For collecting data, Eysenck personality questionnaire (Eyesenck,1975), attachment style (Collins & Reid,1990), and identity style questionnaire (Berzoneski,1989) were used.

The results of correlation and regression analysis showed that only anxiety attachment style with confused identity styles in students with hearing impairment has a significant correlation (0.412). There is no significant correlation between avoidant and secure attachment styles with identity styles. Also, the results showed that none of the dimensions of personality were able to predict attachment styles and identity styles of students with hearing impairment (P > 0.05).

Based on the results of this study, only with regard to the attachment style and identity style, it is not possible to predict the mental attributes of people with hearing impairment such as suspicion of the surrounding people. Therefore, other variables should also be studied.

The failures of memory function in post-traumatic stress disorder and its relationship with severity of symptoms need to take new approaches to improve the memory performance in patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the Effectiveness of emotional working memory Training on improvement memory in adolescents with Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). For this purpose, 4 adolescents (M: 2 F: 2) were selected available sampling by using 2 instruments (SCID-I) & (IES-R) The selected people– one by one were under emotional working memory training during 20 sessions. All people were assessed during three stages (pre-training, post- training and 2 month follow up) by children' Wechsler Digit Span Test (direct and reverse). Data were analyzed using the indices for trend changes, slope and the visual inspection of the charts; recovery percent index and effect size were used to determine the clinical significance. The results showed that emotional working memory training lead to increase in ability of participants in memory from pretest to follow up who suffering from Post- Traumatic Stress Disorders. Regarding the current study, it can be said that emotional working memory training is an appropriate choice for increase in memory in adolescents suffering from Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder

Marital satisfaction, self-efficacy, and optimism play an important role on life satisfaction. Therefore, present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy and optimism in the relation between marital satisfaction and life satisfaction among female teachers in Nahavand.This research study has done through the path analysis. The statistical population of this study included all female teachers in Nahavand city, 612 married women, who were all active teachers in the 93-94 academic years. The sample size in the study, based on the population size and according to Morgan table, was 240. Sampling method in this study was multistage cluster. The collected data used Life Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSWLS), Hudson’s marital satisfaction questionnaire (IMS), Schwartzberg’s general self-efficacy questionnaire (GSE) and optimism questionnaire (R -LOT). The Data analyzed by statistical software’s: SPSS and Amos. The Obtained information through the statistical methods of regression, Pearson’s correlation, and path analysis analyzed. The results from Pearson correlation showed that there are significant correlations between all variables. The regression results also showed that two variables of self- efficacy and optimism in the relation between marital satisfaction and life satisfaction play a mediating role. A path analysis results as well, for direct effect of marital satisfaction on life satisfaction, was equal to 0/221. Examining the indirect effect of marital satisfaction on life satisfaction through the mediating role of the two variables, self-efficacy and optimism, was estimated 0/287, of which self-efficacy in this work has a0/17 share and optimism 0/11. Marital satisfaction variable has the ability to direct predictive teachers’ life satisfaction. In addition, the two variables, self-efficacy, and optimism, indirectly play a mediating role, between the two variables of marital satisfaction and life satisfaction for the teachers.