سید مهرداد طباطبایی فر

Groundwater resources as one of the most important sources of water needed for agriculture, industry and drinking is important, that are encountered With different risks such as level fall, reduced feed rate due to lack of rainfall and contaminants normal and abnormal. This study was conducted in Garmsar alluvial plain in Semnan province. According to the research purposes, process and effect of variations underground water table fluctuations, in the 4 periods, 1995-1997, 1997-2003, 2003-2009 and 2010-2012 were investigated in 75 wells. For investigate process effects of variations water quality parameters including EC and SAR, Results of chemical analysis of 52 wells in the second periods, 2003-2009 and 2010-2012 were evaluated and analyzed. In order to quantify the properties of water zonation software was used the method of IDW with a power of 1 to 5, and Geostatistical methods (Kriging and Cokriging) and Surfer8 ArcGIS. For investigate process and variations in the underground water table fluctuations in water quality parameters, was used from Classification and rate of IMDPA desertification model. Results show that groundwater level drop in the periods 1995-1997, 1997-2003, 2003-2009 and 2010-2012 respectively are 1.05, 8.2, 4.27 and 5.34 meters and decrease groundwater in Garmsar Plain. An average of 0.99 cm or in other word we are facing equal to 1 meter drop Groundwater in Garmsar plain. We used Wilcox classification to determine the level and types of water quality.According to results, based on quantitative parameters of EC and SAR are in C4S1 category.

Desertification consists of land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas induced by climate change and human activities. For evaluation and mapping of desertification many research have been conducted leading to regional and local models. In this research, among different existing methods, IMDPA‌ model was selected and desertification intensity of Garmsar plain was evaluated based on 2 criteria and 6 indices including: climate (precipitation, drought and aridity index) and water (groundwater table depletion, electrical conductivity, sodium absorption ratio) over four periods; 1995-1997, 1997-2003, 2003-2009 and 2010-2012. Each criterion was assessed based on the selected indices resulted in qualitative mapping of each criterion based on geometric average of the indices. Finally, desertification map of the region was extracted using geometric average of criteria for each period. Thematic databases, with a 1:50000 scale resolutions were integrated and elaborated in ArcGIS9.3. The results showed that during the periods, four indices including groundwater table depletion, electrical conductivity, aridity index and precipitation index have the most significant effects on desertification with the values of 3.81, 3.17, 3.11 and 3.09, respectively. Also two indices including Sodium absorption ratio and drought have the least effect on desertification with the values of 1.17, 1.63 of the Plain, respectively. Also, analysis of desertification criteria in Garmsar region showed that among studied criteria, water criteria have had the most effect on land degradation and desertification since 1994.